Microsoft Word Complex sentences
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| Complex sentences – Murakkab gaplar. A. Bo’lishsiz mazmundagi ravish so’zlar va birikmalarda inversiya. Bu qoidada asosan bo’lishsiz mazmundagi so’zlar va birikmalar gap boshida ishlatiladi va shuning uchun yordamchi va modal fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqadi. Inversiya qoidasi faqatgina bosh gaplarda sodir bo’ladi. Negative words Examples 1. Hardly (.......when) – bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali ulgurmagan edi hamki. Hardly had the new law been introduced when the mistake was realised. – Yangi ishlab chiqilgan qonun tanishtirilishga ulgurmagan edi hamki xatolik o’tganligi payqab qolindi. 2. Scarcely (.......when) – bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali ulgurmagan edi hamki. Scarcely had I opened the front door when I heard a noise from the kitchen. – Hali eshikni ochib ulgurmagan edim hamki oshxonadan shovqin eshitildi. 3. Barely (.......when) – bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali ulgurmagan edi hamki. Barely had we solved one problem when another one arose. – Bir muammoni hal qilib bo’lmagan edik hamki yana bittasi chiqib qoldi. 4. No sooner (...... than) – bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali ulgurmagan edi hamki. No sooner had the alarm gone off than the police arrived. – Hali signalizatsiya o’chib o’lgurmagan edi hamki politsiya yetib keldi. 5. Only – faqat. (Boshqa holatlarda emas) Only in an emergency should you dial 999. – Faqat favqulotda holatlarda 999 raqamini tering 6. Only after – faqat ............ keyingina Only after I had checked that the burglar had left did I call the police. – Faqat o’g’ri ketganini bilganimdan keyingina men politsiyaga qo’ng’iroq qildim.
7. Only when – faqat qachonki ........... gina Only when we agree what measures are needed will we be able to solve the problem. – Qachonki nima choralar ko’rilishi kerakligini kelishib olganimizdan keyingina biz muammoni yecha olamiz. 8. Not until - ... maguncha Not until the next election will we know how the public feel about the news. – Navbatdagi saylovlar o’tmaguncha biz odamlarning yangilikka bo’lgan munosabatini bilib olamiz. 9. At no time/point/stage – aynan o’sha damda (biror ishni qilmaganligingizni yoki o’sha ish-harakat sodir bo’lmaganiga urg’u berish uchun ishlatiladi) At no point did I realise that he was the Prime Minister. – Ayni o’sha paytda uning bosh vazir ekanligini bilmagandim. At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. – Aynan o’sha damda ularning nohaq munosabatda bo’layotganini tushunmabman.
10. In no way – Hech qanday holatda. (Biror bir ishni qilishning imkoniyati yo’qligiga o’rg’u berish uchun ishlatiladi) In no way does the decision represent a change in a government policy. – Hech qanday holatda ham bu qaror hukumat siyosatida bo’layotgan o’zgarishni ifodalay olmaydi. 11. Little – kam, oz (Gapda bo’lishsiz ma’no hosil qilish uchun ishlatiladi) Little did Ralph know that the burglar was still inside his house. - Ralf o’g’ri hali ham uyida ekanini bilmagan edi. 12. Never – hech qachon. Never have I heard such a ridiculious suggestion! – Hech qachon bunaqangi axmoqona taklifni eshitmagan ekanman! 13. Not – siz (biror ish- harakat bajarilmaganligiga urg’u berish uchun ishlatiladi) Not one vote did the proposal receive. – Birorta ovozsiz taklif qabul qilinibdi. 14. Not only ... but also/too – nafaqat ...balki ... ham Not only has this government failed but it has also stolen ideas from other parties. – Bu hukumat nafaqat muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan balki
u boshqa partiyalardan g’oya ham o’g’irlagan ekan 14. On no account – bekordan bekorga, sababsiz On no account should you try to tackle a burglar yourself. – Bekordan bekorga kishi o’g’irlik qilishga harakat qilmasa kerak. 15. Rarely – kamdan kam Rarely do the newspapers present a balanced view of current events. – Hozirgi gazetalar kamdan kam bo’layotgan voqealarni to’g’ri tahlil qiladi. 16. Seldom - kamdan kam Seldom do people leaving prison stay out of trouble. – Qamoqdan chiqqan odam kamdan kam tashvishsiz yashaydi. 17. Under no circumstances – asossiz, hech gapdan hech gap yo’q Under no circumstances will we accept an increase in working hours. – Asossiz ravishda ish soatlarini uzaytira olmaymiz. NOTE: Only after, not until va only when bog’lovchilari ishlatilgan gaplarda bosh gap ergash gapdan keyin turadi. Shuning uchun gapda xuddi ergash gapdagi yordamchi va modal fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqayotganga o’xshaydi. Only when we agree what measures are needed will we be able to solve the problem. – Qachonki nima choralar ko’rilishi kerakligini kelishib olganimizdan keyingina biz muammoni yecha olamiz. Not until this government realises what a mistake it is making will things change. – Bu hukumat qanaqa xato qilayotganini payqasagina narsalar o’zgaradi. B. O’rin – joy ravishlarining egadan oldinga chiqishi inversiyasi. Model: Adverbial expressions of place + verbs of movement/position Bu qoidada o’rin-joyni bildirgan so’zlar egadan oldinga chiqadi va shunga ko’ra gapdagi mustaqil va yordamchi fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqadi. Expressions of place Examples Here – mana Here comes the Minister now. – Mana vazir ham keldi. There – U yerda There stood the next king of England. – U yerda Angliyaning bo’lg’usi qiroli turardi. Adverbial phrases. – Ravishli birikmalar At the top of the society are the aristocracy. – Jamiyatning boshida oqsuyaklar turadi. Beside the Town Hall stood the public library. – Taun Xolning yonida jamoat kutubxonasi joylashgan. On the corner of the street sat a homeless man. – Ko’chaning burchagida uysiz odam o’tirardi. Participle phrases. – Sifatdoshli birikmalar Running down the road was a young man with a woman’s bag under his arm. – Yo’ldan tushaverishda qo’lig’ida ayollar sumkasi bilan bir yigit turardi. C. Other inversions. – Boshqa turdagi inversiyalar. Qisqa javoblarda so, neither va nor dan keyin “I voted for Smith.” “Did you? So did I” - “Men Smitga ovoz berdim” “Shunaqami? Men ham” “I don’t believe a word this government says.” – “Men bu hukumat aytadigan bironta ham gapga ishonmayman.” “No, neither/nor do I” – “Men ham” As, than, so va such dan keyin. I am very worried about bullying in the school, as are a lot of parents. – Boshqa ko’pgina ota-onalar kabi men ham maktabdagi janjallardan qo’rqaman. So rare is burglary here that many people don’t bother to lock their doors. – Bu yerda o’g’irlik shunaqangi kamki ko’pgina odamlar uylarini ham qulflamaydilar. Such public interest was there in the story that it was on the front pages of the newspaper. – Hikoyaga ommaning qiziqishi shunaqa
ham ko’p bo’ldiki u hamma gazetalarning bosh sahifalarida e’lon qilina boshladi. Noreal shart gaplarda yordamchi va modal fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqadi. (If bog’lovchisi gapda tushurib qoldirilsagina yordamchi va modal fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqishi mumkin) Were the Foreign Secretary to resign, it would cause serious problems for the Prime Minister. – Agar tashqi ishlar vaziri iste’foga chiqsaydi, bu bosh vazirga jiddiy muammolar to’g’dirgan bo’lur edi. Should the Foreign Secretary resign, it would cause serious problems for the Prime Minister. – Agar tashqi ishlar vaziri iste’foga chiqsaydi, bu bosh vazirga jiddiy muammolar to’g’dirgan bo’lur edi. Had I known about the crime problem, I would never have moved here. – Jinoyatchilikka bog’liq muammolar borligini bilganimda edim, bu yerga umuman ko’chmagan bo’lar edim. D. Cleft sentences. – Bu ma’nodagi gaplar navbatdagi gapga urg’u berish, uning ma’nosini kuchaytirish uchun it, that, to + verb lar bilan boshlanadi All (that) - hammasi All that Keith wanted was to get his money back. – Keyt xohlagan narsaning hammasi bu pulini qaytarib olish edi. To get his money back was all that Keith wanted. – Keyt xohlagan narsaning hammasi bu pulini qaytarib olish edi. It is/was ... who/which/that – bu ... It was Carol who/that called the police. – Politsiyaga qo’ng’iroq qilgan kishi Kerel edi. The ... thing - narsa The first thing is to check to see what is missing. – Birinchi qiladigan narsa nima yo’qolganini tekshirib ko’rish. To check to see what is missing is the first thing. – Birinchi qiladigan narsa nima yo’qolganini tekshirib ko’rish. The day(etc) when/that The day (etc) on/in/at which (Tagiga chizilgan the day so’zining o’rniga boshqa vaqtni bildirgan so’zlarni qo’llash mumkin) The year when the government came to power was 2006. – Bu hukumat hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan yil 2006 inchi yil edi. 2006 was the year when this government came to power. – 2006 inchi yil bu hukumat hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan yil edi. 2006 was the year in which this government came to power. – 2006 inchi yil bu hukumat hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan yil edi. The person who/that - ...kishi The person who/that stole the money was Thomas. – Pulni o’g’irlagan kimsa Tomas edi. Thomas was the person who/that stole the money. – Pulni o’g’irlagan kimsa Tomas edi. The place where - ... joy The place where the Queen stays in Scotland is Balmoral Castle. – Shotlandiyada qirolicha to’xtaydigan joy Balmoral qal’asi. Balmoral Castle is the place where the Queen stays in Scotland. - Balmoral qal’asi Shotlandiyada qirolicha to’xtaydigan joy. The reason (why/that) - ... sababi
The reason why I joined this political party was to make a difference. – Mening bu siyosiy partiyaga qo’shilishimning sababi biror muvaffaqiyatga erishish. To make a difference was the reason why I joined this political party. – Mening bu siyosiy partiyaga qo’shilishimning sababi biror muvaffaqiyatga erishish. The thing that - narsa The thing that annoys me is the boss’s attitude. – Mening jahlimni chiqaradigan narsa boshliqning munosabati. The boss’s attitude is the thing that annoys me. – Boshliqning munosabati mening jahlimni chiqaradigan narsa. What - narsa What annoys me is the boss’s attitude. – Mening jahlimni chiqaradigan narsa boshliqning munosabati. The boss’s attitude is what annoys me. – Boshliqning munosabati mening jahlimni chiqaradigan narsa. What ... do/did – qilgan ishi
What Churchil did was bring people together. – Cherchilning qilgan ishi odamlarni birlashtirish bo’ldi. What happens/happened is/was – bor/bo’lgan gap shuki What happened was that a witness saw the man leave the house. – Bor gap shuki guvoh o’sha odamning uydan chiqqanini ko’rgan. NOTE:
It was I who stole the money. – Pulni o’g’irlagan kishi men bo’laman. (formal) It was me who stole the money. – Pulni o’g’irlagan kishi men bo’laman. (informal) A. If a phrase in bold is correct, put a tick. If is incorrect, rewrite it correctly. 1. Hardly I had sat down when the doorbell rang. 2. Scarcely had Julian finished writing when the teacher told the students to put their pens down. 3. We had barely set off on our journey when the kids started asking when we would get there. Yüklə 402,65 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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