Type: E
Title: Sectors
1. Identify the three main sectors involved in leisure services. Provide an example of an organization that fits within each sector.
a. public: Dallas Parks and Recreation Department; McLean County Parks and Recreation Department
nonprofit: YMCA, Boys and Girls Club
commercial: Hyatt Hotels, Ocean Reef Resort, Disney World
Type: E
Title: Sectors
2. An enabling law is _____.
a. enacted by states or provinces to enable local government to acquire, develop, and maintain recreation areas
Title: Sectors
3. Nonprofit organizations cannot make a profit on the goods, services, or products they provide.
a. true
*b. false
Type: E
Title: Sectors
4. List three ways in which a commercial business can be formed.
a. sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations
Title: Sectors
5. Sole proprietorships are incorporated small businesses that have only one owner.
a. true
*b. false
Type: E
Title: Sectors
6. Unlimited liability means ________.
a. owners are personally liable for any debt or legal problems with a business and can lose an unlimited amount of money
Title: Sectors
7. Which of the following most accurately describes a corporation?
a. Owners of corporations have limited liability.
b. A corporation is seen as a fictional, legal person.
c. Corporations continue to exist even after the death of an owner.
d. Both a and c are accurate.
*e. All of the above are accurate.
Type: E
Title: Organizational Structure
8. List and briefly explain the six elements to consider when creating an organizational structure.
a. work specialization: how narrow the focus of a job is
departmentalization: grouped according to some characteristic
chain of command: the line of authority
span of control: the number of people under a manager’s control
centralization: how concentrated the decision making is
formalization: the level of standardization of a job
Type: MT
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
9. Match the following elements of organizational structure to the set of terms that best describes them.
a. work specialization = how narrow the focus of a job is
b. departmentalization = grouped according to some characteristic
c. chain of command = the line of authority
d. span of control = the number of people under a manager’s control
e. centralization = how concentrated the decision making is
f. formalization = the level of standardization of a job
Type: E
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
10. Organizational design is______.
a. how different elements of the organizational structure are arranged and incorporated
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
11. Simple structures tend to be characterized by a wide span of control, low degree of specialization, and decentralized decision making.
a. true
*b. false
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
12. Which of the following is not true regarding bureaucracies?
a. Max Weber first introduced bureaucracies.
b. Highly formalized jobs are a key feature of bureaucracies.
c. Bureaucracies work best in stable environments.
*d. Bureaucracies are seldom found in parks and recreation settings.
e. Bureaucracies can function well with less talented employees.
Type: E
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
13. Define a group approach in the workplace.
a. A group approach involves a collection of people working on a project. Members of the group each have their own responsibilities for certain tasks, and they come back to the group to share information on their progress.
Type: E
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
14. Describe how a team approach differs from a group approach.
a. A team has more interaction than a group and more reliance on each other to accomplish a team task.
Type: E
Title: Organizational Structure and Design
15. Describe a matrix structure and list the pros and cons of this particular design.
a. The matrix structure brings together people from different departments for a specific project. During the project, the employees report to both a functional manager and a project manager. This structure allows employees to focus on functional and organizational priorities, and it improves understanding and communication across different functions. However, reporting to two bosses can create interpersonal conflict.
Title: Organizational Culture
16. The three levels of organizational culture described in the text are
*a. artifacts, espoused beliefs, and underlying assumptions
b. stories, values, and myths
c. artifacts, stories, and espoused beliefs
d. underlying assumptions, myths, and values
e. stories, artifacts, and values
Type: E
Title: Organizational Culture
17. Describe the culture of an organization you are familiar with. What are its key elements?
a. Students should provide examples of details such as dress of the staff; the look of the facilities; values, vision, and mission; processes; and language used.
Title: Organizational Culture
18. Changing the informal culture of an organization is just as challenging as changing the formal culture of an organization.
a. true
*b. false
Type: E
Title: Boards
19. List the three main types of boards discussed in the text. Provide a brief example of each type.
a. independent: Champaign Park District Board of Park Commissioners
semi-independent: Bloomington (IN) Parks and Recreation Board
advisory: Teen Advisory Boards
Type: E
Title: Boards
20. As the executive director of a board-driven nonprofit organization, what elements would you include in a board manual that goes to every new board member?
a. Hint: To help focus the question, provide an example of an organization your students would be familiar with.
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