100 general provisions

Item Unit Description

609 Foot (Meter) Sandstone Curb

609 Foot (Meter) Curb, Type ___

609 Foot (Meter) Combination Curb and Gutter, Type ___

609 Foot (Meter) Asphalt Concrete Curb, Type ___

609 Square Yard or Concrete Traffic Island

Cubic Yard
(Square Meter or
Cubic Meter)

609 Square Yard Concrete Median

Cubic Yard
(Square Meter or
Cubic Meter)
ITEM 610 CELLULAR RETAINING WALLS

610.01 Description

610.02 Approval by Director

610.03 Materials

610.04 Manufactured Units

610.05 Excavation

610.06 Backfill

610.07 Wall Construction

610.08 Method of Measurement

610.09 Basis of Payment
610.01 Description. This work consists of constructing retaining walls composed of a series of cells formed by assembling precast reinforced concrete or galvanized metal units to form stable walls.

Concrete cellular walls consist of a series of rectangular or triangular cells formed by building up tiers of precast reinforced concrete units.

Metal cellular retaining walls consists of pairs of columns, one column in the plane of the front of the wall and the other column in the plane of the rear of the wall. The column pairs are spaced longitudinally with overlapping S-shaped facing and rear members, and transversely with overlapping U-shaped members.

610.02 Approval by Director. Submit to the Director for acceptance, 30 days before the work is to begin, drawings of the units to be furnished. Only submit information for walls produced by manufacturers whose type of wall, and design of units comprising same, has been in successful commercial use for a period of at least 3 years.

610.03 Materials. Furnish manufactured units conforming to:

A. Concrete Cellular Wall. Use concrete conforming to Item 499, Class C. Use reinforcing steel conforming to 509.02.

B. Metal Cellular Wall. Provide units made from galvanized metal sheets. Use base metal conforming to AASHTO M 218. Ensure that both sides of the sheets are galvanized by the hot-dip process. Provide an average spelter coating of not less than 2 ounces per square foot (610 g/m²) on each side of the sheet and a spelter coating of at least 1.8 ounces per square foot (550 g/m²) on any 2 1/4  2 1/2-inch (57  64 mm) area on each side of double exposed surfaces. Provide finished sheets that are free from injurious defects, such as blisters, flux, and uncoated spots.

Use metal sheets with a minimum thickness of 0.057 inch (1.45 mm), unless otherwise shown on the plans.

Furnish three copies of the manufacturer’s “Analysis and Coating Test Certificate” containing the following information covering each project or order on which galvanized metal walls are furnished.

A. Heat or heats used for units.

B. Analysis of each heat.

C. Amount of spelter coating for each heat.

D. Total units of each size and thickness.

E. Name of Contractor.

F. Name of County, Interstate, U.S., or State route number, and section.

G. Project number or state purchase order number.

Send one copy of the certificate to the Laboratory and two copies to the Engineer. With each copy of the certificate, include a written statement, signed by a person having legal authority to bind the manufacturer, that the information and test results are correct and that the material complies with all contract requirements.

Furnish 5/8-inch (16 mm) diameter bolts, galvanized according to 711.02 and at least 1 1/4 inches (32 mm) long, measured from the underside of the bolt head.

610.04 Manufactured Units.

A. Concrete Cellular Wall. Cast concrete cellular wall units in substantial, unyielding steel forms. Properly assemble, clean, and oil the forms before placing concrete in the forms. During the placing and setting of the concrete, hold the forms rigidly in place on a smooth and level platform.

Secure the reinforcement to ensure that it remains in the required position while placing concrete.

Vibrate the fresh concrete to fill all space in the form with concrete, to densify the concrete, and to surround the reinforcement. Reject units with segregated areas.

Cure the units by covering with burlap, that is kept wet at least 7 days or by applying steam for at least 24 hours.

The Engineer will reject reinforced concrete units for any of the following reasons:

1. Exposure of the reinforcing.

2. Defects that indicate imperfect mixing, placing, or curing.

3. Fractures and cracks.

B. Metal Cellular Wall. Fabricate galvanized metal cellular wall units so that units of the same nominal size are fully interchangeable. Do not drill, punch, or drift holes to correct manufacturing defects. Replace all units with improperly punched holes.

If possible, maintain a minimum forming radius of 1 inch (25 mm). Hot-dip galvanize all units formed with less than 1-inch (25 mm) radius after forming.

610.05 Excavation. Excavate according to Item 203. Obtain the Engineer’s approval that the bearing for the foundation of the walls is firm and to the proper elevation before erecting the wall.

610.06 Backfill. Below the elevation of the proposed ground line at the face of the wall, fill the cells formed by the units with soil as defined in 203.02.R. Above the elevation of the proposed ground line at the face of the wall, fill the cells with material conforming to 203 Granular Material Type B, except that the percent passing the No. 200 (75 m) sieve shall not exceed 5 percent.

Place the material in layers that compact to a depth not to exceed 6 inches (150 mm). Compact the material to the density established by the Engineer using approved tampers or compactors. Add water as directed by the Engineer.

Fill the space behind the wall according to 503.08, except as noted below.

Backfill around the wall and in the interior cells, concurrent with wall erection and as close to the wall elevation as allowed by the type of construction.

Do not use rolling equipment directly over a portion of the wall until placing at least 12 inches (0.3 m) of compacted fill.

610.07 Wall Construction. Construct the wall types as follows:

A. Concrete Cellular Wall. Place sills to the required grade and alignment, and support the entire sill length on the foundation material. Do not shim the sill.

Place and interlock the headers perpendicular to the sills and stretches. Use templates to ensure that members are placed in the proper position and with the proper face batter.

Before placing sills, spread two layers of asphalt impregnated paper on all points of contact between the sills and the foundation material to ensure a uniform bedding.

After constructing two tiers of the wall, check and, if necessary, adjust the alignment, grade, and batter of the units, and backfill to this height before adding subsequent units. Complete the remainder of the wall.

B. Metal Cellular Wall. Use templates to ensure that members are placed in the proper position and with the proper face batter.

After placing the columns and constructing two tiers of the wall, check and, if necessary, adjust the alignment, grade, and batter of the units, and backfill to this height before adding subsequent units. Complete the remainder of the wall.

Carefully handle members, and remove and replace damaged members.

610.08 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure Cellular Retaining Wall by the number of square feet (square meters) of facial area complete in place.

610.09 Basis of Payment. Payment is full compensation for furnishing all materials, backfilling, including the interior filling, watering, and disposing of surplus materials.

The Department will not pay for replacing any unit with improperly punched holes.

The Department will not pay for removing or replacing members damaged during handling.

The Department will pay for Excavation Not Including Embankment Construction under Item 203.

The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract price as follows:

Item Unit Description

610 Square Foot Cellular Retaining Wall

(Square Meter)
ITEM 613 LOW STRENGTH MORTAR BACKFILL

613.01 Description

613.02 Materials

613.03 Mix Proportioning

613.04 Mix Adjustment

613.05 Alternate Mixes

613.06 Mixing Equipment

613.07 Mixing the Materials

613.08 Placing Mortar

613.09 Method of Measurement

613.10 Basis of Payment
613.01 Description. This work consists of placing a low strength mortar backfill around conduits and at other locations. Perform the work for this item according to Items 603 and 499, except as modified below.

613.02 Materials. Furnish materials conforming to:

Cement 701.01 or 701.04

Fly Ash 701.13
Furnish fine aggregate consisting of foundry sand, natural sand, sand manufactured from stone, gravel, or air-cooled blast furnace slag. Conform to the fine aggregate gradation requirements of 703.05. Use fine aggregate that is fine enough to stay in suspension in the mixture to ensure proper flow.

613.03 Mix Proportioning. Furnish a low strength mortar mixture listed below or provide an alternate mix conforming to 613.05.

	Type 1^[1]		Type 2		Type 3
	lb/yd^3	kg/m^3	lb/yd^3	kg/m^3	lb/yd^3	kg/m^3
Cement	50	30	100	59	0	0
Fly Ash, Class F	250	148	^[2]	^[2]	1500	890
Fly Ash, Class C^[4]	0	0	0	0	297	297
Fine Aggregate ^[3]	2910	1726	2420	1436	0	0
Water (Target)	500	297	210-300	125-178	850	504
[1] The Contractor may add an air-entraining agent specifically designed for the use in the low strength mortar mixture. [2] Entrained air is substituted for fly ash in this mix. (Approximately 5 percent) [3] Saturated Surface Dry [4] Class C Fly Ash may be substituted for Class F Fly ash in Type 1 mixes with an approved mix design meeting the alternate mix design criteria of this specification.

These mixtures of materials are expected to yield approximately 1 cubic yard (1 m³) of material of a flowable consistency. Make small adjustments, as necessary, in the amounts of the materials in a mix to achieve the final product.

613.04 Mix Adjustment. Make one or more 1 cubic yard (1 m³) trial batches at different water contents to ensure a flowable material. The mixture is too dry if cracks develop in the mixture as it flows into place.

Adjust the proportions to maintain the total absolute volume. For large adjustments, see 613.05.

In order to expedite the settlement of a Type 1 mixture without entrained air, bleed water may appear on the surface immediately after the material is struck off. A delay in bleeding indicates there are too many fines in the mixture. The Contractor may reduce the fly ash quantity in increments of 50 pounds (30 kg) until the mixture is bleeding freely. Add approximately 60 pounds (36 kg) of sand to replace each 50 pounds (30 kg) increment of fly ash to maintain the original yield.

613.05 Alternate Mixes. The Contractor may submit alternate mixes for approval. Furnish the mix design and test data from an independent test laboratory 30 days before the intended usage for approval.

Submit an alternate mix design for all mixes that:

A. Vary more than 300 pounds (178 kg) in fine aggregate, 100 pounds (59 kg) in water, 20 pounds (12 kg) in cement, or 200 pounds (119 kg) in fly ash from the 613.03 mixes. These are considered large adjustments.

B. Have less than 50 pounds (30 kg) of cement in the Type 1 mixes or less than 100 pounds (59 kg) of cement in the Type 2 mixes.

C. Use alternate materials.

D. Contain foundry sand.

E. Contain fly ash not conforming to 701.13.

F. Use fine aggregate gradations other than 703.05.

The Contractor may use foundry sand if it meets the requirements of the Division of Surface Water Policy 400.007 “Beneficial Use of Non-Toxic Bottom Ash, Fly Ash and Spent Foundry Sand and Other Exempt Wastes,” and all other regulations. Ten days before using a mixture containing foundry sand on the project, submit written permission from the Ohio EPA to the Engineer. The Contractor may elect to have an independent ODOT consultant pre-qualified in remedial design environmental site assessment review the proposed usage. The consultant will provide all documentation utilized to ensure that the proposed usage obeys all Ohio EPA regulations. The consultant shall coordinate all EPA required meetings, documentation, and testing requirements. The consultant shall certify the report or reports to the Department.

Provide alternate mixes with an unconfined compressive strength between 50 and 100 pounds per square inch (345 and 689 kPa) at 28 days when tested according to ASTM D 4832. Ensure that the long term (12-month) unconfined compressive strength is less than 100 pounds per square inch (689 kPa).

Ensure that the final mix has the required strength, fills the voids of the intended usages and sets up within 12 hours (4 hours for Type 3 or Type 3 alternate mixes). The proportioning, yield, consistency, workability, compressive strength, and all other requirements are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.

613.06 Mixing Equipment. Provide the mixing capacity and delivery equipment to place the material without interruption as much as practical. Deliver and place Type 1 and 2 mixes or Type 1 and 2 alternate mixes from ready mixed concrete trucks, or deliver them from a batch plant.

Deliver and place Type 3 mix using volumetric mobile mixers. Calibrate volumetric mixers properly and sufficiently mix the materials in the mixer to produce a uniform material.

613.07 Mixing the Materials. Discharge the mixture within 2.5 hours after adding water.

613.08 Placing Mortar. Unless specifically shown on the plans, do not place the mortar within 3 (1 m) feet of the subgrade elevation. Discharge the flowable material from the mixer by any reasonable means into the space of the plan intended usage. Bring the fill material up uniformly to the fill line shown on the plans. The Contractor may begin placing the other fill material over low strength mortar backfill material as soon as the surface water is gone. The Engineer reserves the right to reject the mix if a flowable mixture is not produced.

Before placing the low strength mortar backfill as backfill for 603 Conduit, secure the conduit to prevent it from floating during placement of the flowable material.

613.09 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure Low Strength Mortar Backfill by the number of cubic yards (cubic meters) completed and accepted in place, computed from the plan lines. The Department will not pay additional compensation for over excavated areas or for a change in the material blends.

613.10 Basis of Payment. The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows:

Item Unit Description

613 Cubic Yard Low Strength Mortar Backfill

(Cubic Meter)

613 Cubic Yard Low Strength Mortar Backfill

(Cubic Meter) (Type ___)

ITEM 614 MAINTAINING TRAFFIC

614.01 Description

614.02 Traffic Facilities

614.03 Traffic Control - General

614.04 Work Zone Marking Signs

614.05 Road Closed

614.06 Detour Signing

614.07 Traffic Maintained

614.08 Flaggers

614.09 Law Enforcement Officer

614.10 Work Zone Traffic Signals

614.11 Work Zone Pavement Markings

614.115 Work Zone Raised Pavement Markers

614.12 Pavement Marking Operations

614.13 Asphalt Concrete for Maintaining Traffic

614.14 Performance

614.15 Method of Measurement

614.16 Basis of Payment
614.01 Description. This work consists of maintaining and protecting vehicular and pedestrian traffic according to these provisions. For through traffic, the Special Provisions or the plans will designate whether the highway will be closed with detours, roads and run-arounds provided or whether traffic will be maintained through all or portions of the project.

614.02 Traffic Facilities. Construct and maintain facilities for vehicular and pedestrian traffic of the highway, including all walks, roads, bridges, culverts, and traffic control devices. The Department will maintain public highways used as a detour beyond the work limits of the contract.

A. For local traffic, provide and safely maintain drives, roads, run-arounds, walks, structures, and other facilities. Provide safe vehicular and pedestrian ingress and egress for all property adjacent to any improvement. Provide approaches and crossings of intersecting highways and maintain them in a safe condition. Maintenance includes snow and ice removal as needed.

B. When the highway under construction is being used by through traffic, including periods of suspension of the Work, maintain it so that it is smooth, free from holes, ruts, ridges, bumps, and dust. For the portions of highway being used, provide the necessary outlets to allow free drainage. Maintain pipe trenches or other openings left in hard surface pavements with material of comparable quality. Contractor maintenance responsibilities, including pothole patching begins for a section of highway when the Contractor begins the Work in that section and ends with the acceptance of the Work under 109.11 or 109.12. The two directions of a divided highway are considered separate highway sections and the start of Work on one direction does not begin maintenance responsibilities on the other direction.

C. Remove from the Project as necessary, abrasives and salt residues left by Department or local government snow and ice control operations.

D. Ensure positive drainage into structures that have inlet windows without grates during pavement overlay operations when traffic will be maintained on a pavement course lower than the inlet window. Provide a minimum of 2 inch (50 mm) holes spaced at 2 feet (0.6 m) or a minimum of three 4 inch (100 mm) holes spaced at 4 feet (1.2 m) drilled into the vertical wall of the existing drainage structure below the inlet window. Place steel or iron plating of at least ¼ inch (6 mm) thickness that completely covers the drilled holes prior to construction of the finished pavement course.

614.03 Traffic Control General. Conform to the requirements of the plan, standard construction drawings shown on the plans, and the OMUTCD, for the installation, maintenance, and operation of all traffic controls and traffic control devices. When the plans or standard construction drawings do not cover a specific traffic control situation, place the necessary traffic control devices according to the OMUTCD and use the procedures required by the OMUTCD.

Use portable changeable message signs pre-qualified according to Supplement 1061.

Use drums, signs, sign supports, barricades, impact attenuators, and other traffic control devices that are certified to meet NCHRP 350 safe-crash standards or as modified by Contract Documents. Do not use heavy non-yielding devices or supports that do not conform to the current standards of NCHRP 350 unless allowed by Contract Documents.

Use Type G, H or J reflective sheeting complying with 730.19, 730.192 and 730.193, respectively, for faces of construction signs, barricades, vertical panels, object markers, and stripes on glare screen panels. In addition, the Contractor may also use Type G sheeting referred to as damage control for these devices, provided it meets 730.19.

Use fluorescent orange reflective sheeting for all orange construction signs, object markers, and stripes on glare screen paddles.

Furnish drums with Type G reboundable reflective sheeting complying with the requirements of 730.191. Ensure that owner identification markings on construction drums are no more than 1 inch (25 mm) in character height and are located at least 2 inches (50 mm) below the reflectorized bands or on the top or bottom horizontal surfaces of the drum. Ballast the drums according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Furnish traffic cones consisting of a highly visible orange predominant color. Ensure that the pavement markings for traffic maintenance conform to Item 640.

Furnish warning signs in advance of channelizing devices such as barricades, drums, vertical panels, and cones. Keep retroreflective materials clean and in good condition.

If equipment, vehicles, and material are stored or parked on highway rights-of-way, locate them not less than 6 feet (2 m) behind existing guardrail or not less than 30 feet (9 m) beyond the traveled way unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. At night if any such material or equipment is stored between the side ditches, or between lines 6 feet (2 m) behind any raised curbs, clearly outline them with dependable lighted devices that are approved by the Engineer.

614.04 Work Zone Marking Signs. Furnish, install, maintain, and subsequently remove work zone marking signs and their supports within the work limits according to the following requirements:

A. Erect a NO EDGE LINES sign in advance of any section of roadway lacking OMUTCD standard edge line markings. Ensure these signs are in place before opening the roadway to traffic. Erect these signs on each entrance ramp, at intersections of through roads to warn entering or turning traffic of the conditions, and at least once every 2 miles (3 km) along the roadway. Remove these signs when they no longer apply.

B. Erect a DO NOT PASS sign at the beginning and a PASS WITH CARE sign at the end of each no passing zone lacking OMUTCD standard center line markings.