Affected person is possessed by a demon or has become subject to displeasure of the gods

Some religious orders care for mentally ill

Muslim Arabs establish asylums in 8th Century, attempt scientific study

First European facility specifically for people with mental illness, established in Valencia, Spain, in 1407

Europeans begin to isolate mentally ill, putting them with vagrants and delinquents

• Europeans begin to isolate mentally ill, putting them with vagrants and delinquents

• Persons seen as insane begin to be treated inhumanely, chained to walls or kept in dungeons

Concern about treatment of mentally ill grows, leads to occasional reforms

• Concern about treatment of mentally ill grows, leads to occasional reforms

• Phillippe Pinel takes over the Bicêtre insane asylum and removes patients from dungeons

Dorothea Dix discovers that mentally ill people in Massachusetts are jailed with criminals, denied clothing, left in unlit, unheated, windowless rooms

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