Capitol Collegiate Academy
Capitol Collegiate Academy Scope and Sequence: Mathematics
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- Capitol Collegiate Academy Scope and Sequence: Science Kindergarten
- Capitol Collegiate Academy Scope and Sequence: Social Studies Kindergarten
- APPENDIX O Sample Curriculum Alignment Templates and Planning Documents
- Subject/Topic: Key Words: Length (in weeks / days)
- UNIT STANDARDS clustered unit standards (Selected from Prioritization Grid)
- STAGE 1: BIG PICTURE PLANNING
- Unit Plan – Tasks Understandings
- Students will be able to: (M)
- COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS: What common misconceptions do students have based on diagnostic data
- STAGE 2: ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE
- STAGE 3: LEARNING ACTIVITIES / RESOURCES
- Day and Standard Objectives days/minutes
- Connection to School-Wide Initiatives Character Education
Capitol Collegiate Academy Scope and Sequence: Mathematics Kindergarten By the end of kindergarten, students understand numbers, quantities, and simple shapes. They count, compare, describe and sort objects, and develop a sense of properties and patterns. The Kindergarten curriculum is based on the CA content standards and the Saxon Math Series.
understand the relationship between numbers and quantities (i.e., that a set of objects has the same number of objects in different situations regardless of its position or arrangement): compare two or more sets of objects (up to ten objects in each group) and identify which set is equal to, more than, or less than the other count, recognize, represent, name, and order a number of objects (up to 30) know that the larger numbers describe sets with more objects in them than the smaller numbers have understand and describe simple additions and subtractions use concrete objects to determine the answers to addition and subtraction problems (for two numbers that are each less than 10) use estimation strategies in computation and problem solving that involve numbers that use the ones and tens places: recognize when an estimate is reasonable sort and classify objects identify, sort, and classify objects by attribute and identify objects that do not belong to a particular group (e.g., all these balls are green, those are red) understand the concept of time and units to measure it; they understand that objects have properties, such as length, weight, and capacity, and that comparisons may be made by referring to those properties: compare the length, weight, and capacity of objects by making direct comparisons with reference objects (e.g., note which object is shorter, longer, taller, lighter, heavier, or holds more) demonstrate an understanding of concepts of time (e.g., morning, afternoon, evening, today, yesterday, tomorrow, week, year) and tools that measure time (e.g., clock, calendar) name the days of the week identify the time (to the nearest hour) of everyday events (e.g., lunch time is 12 o'clock; bedtime is 8 o'clock at night) identify common objects in their environment and describe the geometric features identify and describe common geometric objects (e.g., circle, triangle, square, rectangle, cube, sphere, cone) compare familiar plane and solid objects by common attributes (e.g., position, shape, size, roundness, number of corners) collect information about objects and events in their environment pose information questions; collect data; and record the results using objects, pictures, and picture graphs identify, describe, and extend simple patterns (such as circles or triangles) by referring to their shapes, sizes, or colors make decisions about how to set up a problem determine the approach, materials, and strategies to be used use tools and strategies, such as manipulatives or sketches, to model problems solve problems in reasonable ways and justify their reasoning explain the reasoning used with concrete objects and/ or pictorial representations make precise calculations and check the validity of the results in the context of the problem First Grade By the end of first grade, students understand and use the concept of ones and tens in the place value number system. Students add and subtract numbers; they measure with simple units and locate objects in space. Saxon Math includes 5 instructional components: the Meeting, the Lesson, written practice, number fact practice, and assessments. Each day, the Meeting is where students practice skills related to calendar, counting, patterning, mental computation, temperature, and time, and money, problem solving and reading a graph. Lessons are taught through group activities and reinforced through guided and independent practice worksheets. The students graph data, tell time, count money, learn ordinal positions, master basic adding and subtraction, begin multiplication and division, learn basic geometry, measure weight and height, find perimeter area, estimate, identify fractions and patterns. Students will: describe data analyze and solve simple problems understand and use numbers up to 100 demonstrate the meaning of addition and subtraction use addition and subtraction operations to solve problems use estimation strategies in computation and problem solving use estimation in the ones, tens, and hundreds places use number sentences with operational symbols and expressions to solve problems use direct comparison and nonstandard units to describe the measurements of objects identify common geometric figures classify them by common attributes describe their relative position or their location in space organize, represent, and compare data by category on simple graphs and charts sort objects and create and describe patterns by numbers, shapes, sizes, rhythms, or colors make decisions about how to set up a problem Second Grade By the end of second grade, students understand place value and number relationships in addition and subtraction and they use simple concepts of multiplication. They measure quantities with appropriate units. They classify shapes and see relationships among them by paying attention to their geometric attributes. They collect and analyze data and verify the answers. Using Saxon Math, the students compare and order numbers; identify place value and ordinal position to twentieth; identify and complete patterns; solve routine and non-routine problems; master all basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division facts; add/subtract multi-digit numbers; multiply a multi-digit number by a single digit number; divide by a single-digit divisors; add positive/negative numbers; picture/name/order fractions; subtract fractions with common denominators; measure to the nearest quarter inch, millimeter, foot and yard; identify volume; compare and measure mass; tell time; measure perimeter and area; determine elapsed time; count money; make change from a dollar; graph ordered pairs; tally, and create, read, and write observations from real graphs, pictograph, bar graphs, Venn diagrams, and line graphs. Students will: understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1,000 estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers model and solve simple problems involving multiplication and division understand that fractions and decimals may refer to parts of a set and parts of a whole model and solve problems by representing, adding, and subtracting amounts of money use estimation strategies in computation and problem solving that involve numbers that use the ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands places model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction understand that measurement is accomplished by identifying a unit of measure, iterating (repeating) that unit comparing measurement units identify and describe the attributes of common figures in the plane and of common objects in space collect numerical data and record, organize, display, and interpret the data on bar graphs and other representations
By the end of third grade, students will learn about place value and their computation skills with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers. In Saxon Math: the students become proficient in math through the Saxon method of incremental development and continual review. The students: read, write, compare, and order large numbers; master all basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division facts; and work with fractions, decimals, and percents. The student will add columns of numbers, find missing addends, and add and subtract three-digit numbers with regrouping. Multiplication problems include carrying, and multiplying a three-digit number by a two-digit number. Students will: complete division problems with up to three-digit answers solve problems with and without remainders estimate, measure, and describe objects in space use patterns to help solve problems represent number relationships and conduct simple probability experiments understand the place value of whole numbers calculate and solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division understand the relationship between whole numbers, simple fractions, and decimals select appropriate symbols, operations, and properties to represent, describe, simplify, and solve simple number relationships represent simple functional relationships choose and use appropriate units and measurement tools to quantify the properties of objects describe and compare the attributes of plane and solid geometric figures show relationships between geometric figures and solve problems conduct simple probability experiments by determining the number of possible outcomes and make simple predictions: make decisions about how to approach problems use strategies, skills, and concepts in finding solutions move beyond a particular problem by generalizing to other situations Fourth Grade By the end of fourth grade, students understand large numbers and addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers. They describe and compare simple fractions and decimals. They understand the properties of, and the relationships between, plane geometric figures. They collect, represent, and analyze data to answer questions. In Saxon Math, the students become proficient through the Saxon method of spiraling the lessons to include incremental development and continual review, which consists of incremental introduction of topics, continual review of topics, increased in complexity and practiced daily. Problem solving is emphasized as students are called upon to apply math techniques and tools to real math situations through word problems. Saxon Math includes whole number concepts and computation, mental computation, patterns and functions, measurement, and statistics and probability. Work with fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and geometry is developed significantly. Students will learn: percentages and negative numbers place value of whole numbers and decimals to two decimal places whole numbers and decimals relate to simple fractions the concepts of negative numbers extend their use and understanding of whole numbers to the addition and subtraction of simple decimals solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers understand the relationships among the operations factor small whole numbers use and interpret variables, mathematical symbols, and properties write and simplify expressions and mathematical sentences manipulate equations understand perimeter and area use two-dimensional coordinate grids to represent points and graph lines and simple figures demonstrate an understanding of plane and solid geometric objects solve plan and solid geometric problems organize, represent, and interpret numerical and categorical data make predictions for simple probability situations use strategies, skills, and concepts in finding solutions move beyond a particular problem by generalizing to other situations Fifth Grade By the end of fifth grade, students increase their facility with the four basic arithmetic operations applied to fractions, decimals, and positive and negative numbers. They know and use common measuring units to determine length and area and know and use formulas to determine the volume of simple geometric figures. Students know the concept of angle measurement and use a protractor and compass to solve problems. They use grids, tables, graphs, and charts to record and analyze data. The Saxon method of incremental development and continual review is presented in daily lessons consisting of four components. The first component includes warm-up activities on facts practice, mental math practice, and a problem solving opportunity. The second is an explanation of the new incremental skill and concept. Practice problems of the new skill make up the third component. The fourth one is a set of problems covering previously presented skills and concepts and those of the current lesson. Lessons cover: basic operations and word problem analysis; operations with fractions, decimals, and percents; tables and graphs; the number line and coordinate plane; operations with integers; geometric concepts with angle measurement; units of measure; problem solving with estimation; compound interest; introduction to algebraic formulas; and roman numerals. Students will: compute with very large and very small numbers, positive integers, decimals, and fractions and understand the relationship between decimals, fractions, and percents, they understand the relative magnitudes of numbers perform calculations and solve problems involving addition, subtraction, and simple multiplication and division of fractions and decimals use variables in simple expressions, compute the value of the expression for specific values of the variable, and plot and interpret the results understand and compute the volumes and areas of simple objects identify, describe, and classify the properties of, and the relationships between, plane and solid geometric figures display, analyze, compare, and interpret different data sets, including data sets of different sizes make decisions about how to approach problems use strategies, skills, and concepts in finding solutions move beyond a particular problem by generalizing to other situations Sixth Grade By the end of sixth grade, students have mastered the four arithmetic operations with whole numbers, positive fractions, positive decimals, and positive and negative integers; they accurately compute and solve problems. They apply their knowledge to statistics and probability. Students understand the concepts of mean, median, and mode of data sets and how to calculate the range. They analyze data and sampling processes for possible bias and misleading conclusions; they use addition and multiplication of fractions routinely to calculate the probabilities for compound events. Students conceptually understand and work with ratios and proportions; they compute percentages (e.g., tax, tips, interest). Students know about _ and the formulas for the circumference and area of a circle. They use letters for numbers in formulas involving geometric shapes and in ratios to represent an unknown part of an expression. They solve one-step linear equations. Students will: compare and order positive and negative fractions, decimals, and mixed numbers solve problems involving fractions, ratios, proportions, and percentages calculate and solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division write verbal expressions and sentences as algebraic expressions and equations evaluate algebraic expressions, solve simple linear equations, and graph and interpret their results analyze and use tables, graphs, and rules solve problems involving rates and proportions investigate geometric patterns and describe them algebraically identify and describe the properties of two-dimensional figures compute and analyze statistical measurements for data sets use data samples of a population describe the characteristics and limitations of the samples determine theoretical and experimental probabilities use probability to make predictions about events make decisions about how to approach problems use strategies, skills, and concepts in finding solution: use generalization to solve other problems Capitol Collegiate Academy Scope and Sequence: Science Kindergarten Kindergarten students investigate the earth, life and physical investigation and experimentation. Students use scientific observation; learn about the world around us, matter, plants and animals, the earth, and weather. Students will: learn about the properties of materials that can be observed, measured, and predicted learn the Earth is composed of land, air, and water know characteristics of mountains, rivers, oceans, valleys, deserts, and local landforms learn the changes in weather occur from day to day and across seasons, affecting Earth and its inhabitants identify resources from Earth that are used in everyday life and understand that many resources can be conserved learn that scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations observe common objects by using the five senses and describe the properties of common objects and the relative position of objects by using one reference (e.g., above or below), compare and sort common objects by one physical attribute (e.g., color, shape, texture, size, weight), and communicate observations orally and through drawings First Grade Physical Sciences—Materials come in different forms (states), including solids, liquids, and gases. Students will know: solids, liquids, and gases have different properties the properties of substances can change when the substances are mixed, cooled, or heated
Students will know: how different plants and animals inhabit different kinds of environments and have external features that help them thrive in different kinds of places both plants and animals need water, animals need food, and plants need light animals eat plants or other animals for food and may also use plants or even other animals for shelter and nesting how to infer what animals eat from the shapes of their teeth (e.g., sharp teeth: eats meat; flat teeth: eats plants) roots are associated with the intake of water and soil nutrients and green leaves are associated with making food from sunlight Earth Sciences—Weather can be observed, measured, and described. Students will know: how to use simple tools (e.g., thermometer, wind vane) to measure weather conditions and record changes from day to day and across the seasons the weather changes from day to day but that trends in temperature or of rain (or snow) tend to be predictable during a season the sun warms the land, air, and water Investigation and Experimentation—Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations Students will know how to: develop their own questions and perform investigations draw pictures that portray some features of the thing being described record observations and data with pictures, numbers, or written statements record observations on a bar graph describe the relative position of objects by using two references (e.g., above and next to, below and left of) make new observations when discrepancies exist between two descriptions of the same object or phenomenon
Physical Sciences—the motion of objects can be observed and measured. Students will know: the position of an object can be described by locating it in relation to another object or to the background an object’s motion can be described by recording the change in position of the object over time the way to change how something is moving is by giving it a push or a pull, the size of the change is related to the strength, or the amount of force, of the push or pull tools and machines are used to apply pushes and pulls (forces) to make things move objects fall to the ground unless something holds them up magnets can be used to make some objects move without being touched sound is made by vibrating objects and can be described by its pitch and volume
Students will know: organisms reproduce offspring of their own kind and that the offspring resemble their parents and one another the sequential stages of life cycles are different for different animals, such as butterflies, frogs, and mice many characteristics of an organism are inherited from the parents. Some characteristics are caused or influenced by the environment variation among individuals of one kind within a population light, gravity, touch, or environmental stress can affect the germination, growth, and development of plants flowers and fruits are associated with reproduction in plants
Students will know: how to compare the physical properties of different kinds of rocks and know that rock is composed of different combinations of minerals smaller rocks come from the breakage and weathering of larger rocks soil is made partly from weathered rock and partly from organic materials and that soils differ in their color, texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of many kinds of plants fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and that scientists learn about the past history of Earth by studying fossils rock, water, plants, and soil provide many resources, including food, fuel, and building materials, that humans use Investigation and Experimentation—Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. Student will: develop their own questions and perform investigations make predictions based on observed patterns and not random guessing measure length, weight, temperature, and liquid volume with appropriate tools and express those measurements in standard metric system units
Physical Sciences—Energy and matter have multiple forms and can bechanged from one form to another. Students will know: energy comes from the Sun to Earth in the form of light sources of stored energy take many forms, such as food, fuel, and batteries machines and living things convert stored energy to motion and heat energy can be carried from one place to another by waves, such as water waves and sound waves, by electric current, and by moving objects matter has three forms: solid, liquid, and gas evaporation and melting are changes that occur when the objects are heated when two or more substances are combined, a new substance may be formed with properties that are different from those of the original materials all matter is made of small particles called atoms, too small to see with the naked eye people once thought that earth, wind, fire, and water were the basic elements that made up all matter science experiments show that there are more than 100 different types of atoms, which are presented on the periodic table of the elements. light has a source and travels in a direction sunlight can be blocked to create shadows light is reflected from mirrors and other surfaces the color of light striking an object affects the way the object is seen an object is seen when light traveling from the object enters the eye Life Sciences—Adaptations in physical structure or behavior may improve an organism’s chance for survival. Students will know: plants and animals have structures that serve different functions in growth, survival, and reproduction examples of diverse life forms in different environments, such as oceans, deserts, tundra, forests, grasslands, and wetlands living things cause changes in the environment in which they live: some of these changes are detrimental to the organism or other organisms, and some are beneficial when the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce; others die or move to new locations organisms that once lived on Earth have completely disappeared and that some of those resembled others that are alive today
Students will know: patterns of stars stay the same, although they appear to move across the sky nightly, and different stars can be seen in different seasons the Moon’s appearance changes during the four-week lunar cycle telescopes magnify the appearance of some distant objects in the sky, including the Moon and the planets, the number of stars that can be seen through telescopes is dramatically greater than the number that can be seen by the unaided eye. the Earth is one of several planets that orbit the Sun and that the Moon orbits Earth the position of the Sun in the sky changes during the course of the day and from season to season
Students will: repeat observations to improve accuracy and know that the results of similar scientific investigations seldom turn out exactly the same because of differences in the things being investigated, methods being used, or uncertainty in the observation differentiate evidence from opinion and know that scientists do not rely on claims or conclusions unless they are backed by observations that can be confirmed use numerical data in describing and comparing objects, events, and measurements predict the outcome of a simple investigation and compare the result with the prediction collect data in an investigation and analyze those data to develop a logical conclusion
Physical Sciences—Electricity and magnetism are related effects that have many useful applications in everyday life. Students will know: how to design and build simple series and parallel circuits by using components such as wires, batteries, and bulbs how to build a simple compass and use it to detect magnetic effects, including Earth’s magnetic field electric currents produce magnetic fields and know how to build a simple electromagnet the role of electromagnets in the construction of electric motors, electric generators, and simple devices, such as doorbells and earphones electrically charged objects attract or repel each other magnets have two poles (north and south) and that like poles repel each other while unlike poles attract each other electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, and motion
Students will know: plants are the primary source of matter and energy entering most food chains producers and consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers) are related in food chains and food webs and may compete with each other for resources in an ecosystem decomposers, including many fungi, insects, and microorganisms, recycle matter from dead plants and animals living organisms depend on one another and on their environment for survival ecosystems can be characterized by their living and nonliving components plants and animals survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all many plants depend on animals for pollination and seed dispersal, and animals depend on plants for food and shelter most microorganisms do not cause disease and that many are beneficial Earth Sciences— The properties of rocks and minerals reflect the processes that formed them. Students will know: how to differentiate among igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks by referring to their properties and methods of formation (the rock cycle) how to identify common rock-forming minerals (including quartz, calcite, feldspar, mica, and hornblende) and ore minerals by using a table of diagnostic properties waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape Earth’s land surface changes in the earth are due to slow processes, such as erosion, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes natural processes, including freezing and thawing and the growth of roots, cause rocks to break down into smaller pieces moving water erodes landforms, reshaping the land by taking it away from some places and depositing it as pebbles, sand, silt, and mud in other places (weathering, transport, and deposition) Investigation and Experimentation—Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. Students will: differentiate observation from inference (interpretation) and know scientists’ explanations come partly from what they observe and partly from how they interpret their observations measure and estimate the weight, length, or volume of objects formulate and justify predictions based on cause-and-effect relationships conduct multiple trials to test a prediction and draw conclusions about the relationships between predictions and results construct and interpret graphs from measurements follow a set of written instructions for a scientific investigation Fifth Grade Physical Sciences —Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world. Students will know: during chemical reactions the atoms in the reactants rearrange to form products with different properties all matter is made of atoms, which may combine to form molecules metals have properties in common, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, some metals, such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au), are pure elements; others, such as steel and brass, are composed of a combination of elemental metals each element is made of one kind of atom and that the elements are organized in the periodic table by their chemical properties scientists have developed instruments that can create discrete images of atoms and molecules that show that the atoms and molecules often occur in well-ordered arrays differences in chemical and physical properties of substances are used to separate mixtures and identify compounds properties of solid, liquid, and gaseous substances, such as sugar (C6HO6), water (H2O), helium (He), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and carbon 12 dioxide (CO2) living organisms and most materials are composed of just a few elements common properties of salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl) Life Sciences—Plants and animals have structures for respiration digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. Students will know: many multi-cellular organisms have specialized structures to support the transport of materials how blood circulates through the heart chambers, lungs, and body and how carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) are exchanged in the lungs and tissues the sequential steps of digestion and the roles of teeth and the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and colon in the function of the digestive system the role of the kidney in removing cellular waste from blood and converting it into urine, which is stored in the bladder how sugar, water, and minerals are transported in a vascular plant plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy from sunlight to build molecules of sugar and release oxygen plant and animal cells break down sugar to obtain energy, a process resulting in carbon dioxide (CO ) and water (respiration)
Students will know: the Earth’s water is present as salt water in the oceans, which cover most of Earth’s surface when liquid water evaporates, it turns into water vapor in the air and can reappear as a liquid when cooled or as a solid if cooled below the freezing point of water water vapor in the air moves from one place to another and can form fog or clouds, which are tiny droplets of water or ice, and can fall to Earth as rain, hail, sleet, or snow Life Sciences —Plants and animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. Students will know: many multi-cellular organisms have specialized structures to support the transport of materials how blood circulates through the heart chambers, lungs, and body and how carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) are exchanged in the lungs and tissues the sequential steps of digestion and the roles of teeth and the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and colon in the function of the digestive system the role of the kidney in removing cellular waste from blood and converting it into urine, which is stored in the bladder how sugar, water, and minerals are transported in a vascular plant plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy from sunlight to build molecules of sugar and release oxygen plant and animal cells break down sugar to obtain energy, a process resulting in carbon dioxide (CO ) and water (respiration)
Students will know: most of Earth’s water is present as salt water in the oceans, which cover most of Earth’s surface when liquid water evaporates, it turns into water vapor in the air and can reappear as a liquid when cooled or as a solid if cooled below the freezing point of water water vapor in the air moves from one place to another and can form fog or clouds, which are tiny droplets of water or ice, and can fall to Earth as rain, hail, sleet, or snow the amount of fresh water located in rivers, lakes, underground sources, and glaciers is limited and that its availability can be extended by recycling and decreasing the use of water the origin of the water used by their local communities energy from the Sun heats Earth unevenly, causing air movements that result in changing weather patterns uneven heating of Earth causes air movements (convection currents) the influence that the ocean has on the weather and the role that the water cycle plays in weather patterns the causes and effects of different types of severe weather to use weather maps and data to predict local weather and know that weather forecasts depend on many variables the Earth’s atmosphere exerts a pressure that decreases with distance above Earth’s surface and that at any point it exerts this pressure equally in all directions the solar system consists of planets and other bodies that orbit the Sun in predictable paths the Sun, an average star, is the central and largest body in the solar system and is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium the solar system includes the planet Earth, the Moon, the Sun, eight other planets and their satellites, and smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets the path of a planet around the Sun is due to the gravitational attraction between the Sun and the planet
Students will: classify objects (e.g., rocks, plants, leaves) in accordance with appropriate criteria develop a testable question plan and conduct a simple investigation based on a student developed question and write instructions others can follow to carry out the procedure identify the dependent and controlled variables in an investigation identify a single independent variable in a scientific investigation explain how a variable can be used to collect information to answer a question about the results of the experiment select appropriate tools (e.g., thermometers, meter sticks, balances, and graduated cylinders) and make quantitative observations. Record data by using appropriate graphic representations (including charts, graphs, and labeled diagrams) and make inferences based on those data draw conclusions from scientific evidence and indicate whether further information is needed to support a specific conclusion write a report of an investigation that includes conducting
Focus on Earth Sciences—Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth’s surface and major geologic events Students will know: evidence of plate tectonics is derived from the fit of the continents; the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mid-ocean ridges; and the distribution of fossils, rock types, and ancient climatic zones Earth is composed of several layers: a cold, brittle lithosphere; a hot, convecting mantle; and a dense, metallic core lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle earthquakes are sudden motions along breaks in the crust called faults and that volcanoes and fissures are locations where magma reaches the surface major geologic events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from plate motions how to explain major features of California geology (including mountains, faults, volcanoes) in terms of plate tectonics how to determine the epicenter of an earthquake and know that the effects of an earthquake on any region vary, depending on the size of the earthquake, the distance of the region from the epicenter, the local geology, and the type of construction in the region. Shaping Earth’s Surface—Topography is reshaped by the weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment. Students will know: water running downhill is the dominant process in shaping the landscape, including California’s landscape rivers and streams are dynamic systems that erode, transport sediment, change course, and flood their banks in natural and recurring patterns beaches are dynamic systems in which the sand is supplied by rivers and moved along the coast by the action of waves earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and floods change human and wildlife habitats Heat (Physical Sciences)—Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer objects to cooler objects until all the objects are at the same temperature. Students will know: energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by waves, including water, light and sound waves, or by moving objects fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and by convection (which involves flow of matter) heat energy is also transferred between objects by radiation (radiation can travel through space)
Students will know: the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth’s surface; it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle how solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light heat from Earth’s interior reaches the surface primarily through convection convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans differences in pressure, heat, air movement, and humidity result in changes of weather
Students will know: energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis and then from organism to organism through food webs matter is transferred over time from one organism to others in the food web and between organisms and the physical environment populations of organisms can be categorized by the functions they serve in an ecosystem different kinds of organisms may play similar ecological roles in similar biomes the number and types of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available and on abiotic factors, such as quantities of light and water, a range of temperatures, and soil composition Resources—Sources of energy and materials differ in amounts, distribution, usefulness, and the time required for their formation. Students will know: the utility of energy sources is determined by factors that are involved in converting these sources to useful forms and the consequences of the conversion process different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests, and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable the natural origin of the materials used to make common objects
Students will: develop a hypothesis select and use appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data construct appropriate graphs from data and develop qualitative statements about the relationships between variables communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and oral presentations recognize whether evidence is consistent with a proposed explanation read a topographic map and a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps and construct and interpret a simple scale map interpret events by sequence and time from natural phenomena (e.g., the relative ages of rocks and intrusions) identify changes in natural phenomena over time without manipulating the phenomena (e.g., a tree limb, a grove of trees, a stream, a hill slope)
Students in kindergarten are introduced to Learning and Working Now and Long Ago where they learn about basic spatial, temporal, and causal relationships, emphasizing the geographic and historical connections between the world today and the world long ago. The stories include the concepts of courage, self-control, justice, heroism, leadership, deliberation, and individual responsibility. Historical empathy for how people lived and worked long ago reinforces the concept of civic behavior: how we interact respectfully with each other, following rules, and respecting the rights of others. Students will: learn about what defines a good citizen involves acting in certain ways recognize national and state symbols and icons such as the national and state flags, the bald eagle, and the Statue of Liberty match simple descriptions of work that people do and the names of related jobs at the school, in the local community, and from historical accounts compare and contrast the locations of people, places, and environments and describe their characteristics put events in temporal order using a calendar, placing days, weeks, and months in proper order and students understand that history relates to events, people, and places of other times First Grade A Child’s Place in Time and Space—Students in grade one continue a more detailed treatment of the broad concepts of rights and responsibilities in the contemporary world. The classroom serves as a microcosm of society in which decisions are made with respect for individual responsibility, for other people, and for the rules by which we all must live: fair play, good sportsmanship, and respect for the rights and opinions of others. Students examine the geographic and economic aspects of life in their own neighborhoods and compare them to those of people long ago. Students explore the varied backgrounds of American citizens and learn about the symbols, icons, and songs that reflect our common heritage. Students will: describe the rights and individual responsibilities of citizenship know and understand the symbols, icons, and traditions of the United States that provide continuity and a sense of community across time compare and contrast everyday life in different times and places around the world and recognize that some aspects of people, places, and things change over time while others stay the same describe the human characteristics of familiar places and the varied backgrounds of American citizens and residents in those places understand basic economic concepts and the role of individual choice in a free-market economy Second Grade People Who Make a Difference—Students in grade two explore the lives of actual people who make a difference in their everyday lives and learn the stories of extraordinary people from history whose achievements have touched them, directly or indirectly. The study of contemporary people who supply goods and services aids in understanding the complex interdependence in our free-market system. Students will: differentiate between things that happened long ago and things that happened yesterday explain governmental institutions and practices in the United States and other countries understand the importance of individual action and character and explain how heroes from long ago and the recent past have made a difference in others’ lives (e.g., from biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Louis Pasteur, Sitting Bull, George Washington Carver, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Golda Meir, Jackie Robinson, Sally Ride). Third Grade Continuity and Change—Students in grade three learn more about our connections to the past and the ways in which particularly local, but also regional and national, government and traditions have developed and left their marks on current society, providing common memories. Emphasis is on the physical and cultural landscape of California, including the study of American Indians, the subsequent arrival of immigrants, and the impact they have had in forming the character of our contemporary society Students will: describe the physical and human geography and use maps, tables, graphs, photographs, and charts to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context describe the American Indian nations in their local region long ago and in the recent past draw from historical and community resources to organize the sequence of local historical events and describe how each period of settlement left its mark on the land understand the role of rules and laws in our daily lives and the basic structure of the U.S. government demonstrate basic economic reasoning skills and an understanding of the economy of the local region Fourth Grade California: A Changing State—Students learn the story of their home state, unique in American history in terms of its vast and varied geography, its many waves of immigration beginning with pre- Columbian societies, its continuous diversity, economic energy, and rapid growth. In addition to the specific treatment of milestones in California history, students examine the state in the context of the rest of the nation, with an emphasis on the U.S. Constitution and the relationship between state and federal government. Students will: demonstrate an understanding of the physical and human geographic features that define places and regions in California describe the social, political, cultural, and economic life and interactions among people of California from the pre-Columbian societies to the Spanish mission and Mexican rancho periods explain the economic, social, and political life in California from the establishment of the Bear Flag Republic through the Mexican-American War, the Gold Rush, and the granting of statehood explain how California became an agricultural and industrial power, tracing the transformation of the California economy and its political and cultural development since the 1850s, (e.g., the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act)
United States History and Geography: Making a New Nation— Students in grade five study the development of the nation up to 1850, with an emphasis on the people who were already here, when and from where others arrived, and why they came. Students learn about the colonial government founded on Judeo-Christian principles, the ideals of the Enlightenment, and the English traditions of self-government. They recognize that ours is a nation that has a constitution that derives its power from the people that has gone through a revolution that once sanctioned slavery, that experienced conflict over land with the original inhabitants, and that experienced a westward movement that took its people across the continent. Studying the cause, course, and consequences of the early explorations through the War for Independence and western expansion is central to students’ fundamental understanding of how the principles of the American republic form the basis of a pluralistic society in which individual rights are secured. Students will: describe the major pre-Columbian settlements, including the cliff dwellers and pueblo people of the desert Southwest, the American Indians of the Pacific Northwest, the nomadic nations of the Great Plains, and the woodland peoples east of the Mississippi River trace the routes of early explorers and describe the early explorations of the Americas describe the cooperation and conflict that existed among the American Indians and between the Indian nations and the new settlers understand the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that evolved in the colonial era explain the causes of the American Revolution understand the course and consequences of the American Revolution describe the people and events associated with the development of the U.S. Constitution and analyze the Constitution’s significance as the foundation of the American republic trace the colonization, immigration, and settlement patterns of the American people from 1789 to the mid-1800s, with emphasis on the role of economic incentives, effects of the physical and political geography, and transportation systems know the location of the current 50 states and the names of their capitals
World History and Geography: Ancient Civilizations—Students in sixth grade expand their understanding of history by studying the people and events that ushered in the dawn of the major Western and non-Western ancient civilizations. Geography is of special significance in the development of the human story. Continued emphasis is placed on the everyday lives, problems, and accomplishments of people, their role in developing social, economic, and political structures, as well as in establishing and spreading ideas that helped transform the world forever. Students develop higher levels of critical thinking by considering why civilizations developed where and when they did, why they became dominant, and why they declined. Students analyze the interactions among the various cultures, emphasizing their enduring contributions and the link, despite time, between the contemporary and ancient worlds. Student will: describe what is known through archaeological studies of the early physical and cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic era to the agricultural revolution analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush, Ancient Hebrews, Ancient Greece, India, China and Rome
Unit Goals: Reading: Literature: Writing:
STAGE 1: BIG PICTURE PLANNING
(M) = Mastery by end of this unit
STAGE 2: ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE
STAGE 3: LEARNING ACTIVITIES / RESOURCES
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