Chapter I. Occasional words and their features

Sneakoscope Hufflepuff
Slytherin Ravenclaw
Gryffindor Animagus
Pensieve Firebolt
The word sneakoscope ("sneak" + scope "horizons") in translation can be found as "вредноскоп".
The name of the faculty Hufflepuff comes from two words – huff and puff “blow”. It is interesting to note that in this case, the onomatopoeic translation in combination with the tracing so that this word is translated into the Russian language as “Пуффендуй”. However, this tendency can not be seen in the translations of other faculty names.
Slytherin is formed in a compositional way from the words sly "cunning, treacherous” and therein “here”. And for English-speaking readers the word Slytherin a negative meaning, since the Slytherin faculty in the book expresses support for the villain Voldemort, but Russian-speaking readers do not have such an association.
The word Ravenclaw is formed by 2 words-raven and claw and is translated into Russian as “Когтевран”. Gryffindor comes from the word griffon and d'or (French golden.)
The word pensieve comes from two words – pen and sieve “sift”. With the help of descriptive method this word was translated as "омут памяти". Animagus is derived from the animal and magus "magician". A striking example of this method of word formation as a word composition is the word Firebolt. It consists of two foundations: fire and bolt (crossbow arrow) and means the broom presented to Harry Potter.
In most of the cases considered, the occasionalisms were formed from the usual foundations and affixes in compliance with the norms of the English language or in minor discrepancy with them, which gives the right to argue that the new vocabulary formed by the composition is a group of lexical occasionalisms.
To lexical occasionalisms we also can refer the words formed by the method of affixation. For example, the word Scrabbers, meaning a rat of one of the main characters of the series of books about Harry Potter. The word scrabble means "dig, scratch", and when combined with the affix, it receives the meaning of the name of the animal.
The word dementor deserves special attention. On the one hand it may seem that J.K. Rowling joined the two words - dement and tormentor, resulting in the meaning "torturer that drives you crazy", and so we get here such a phenomenon as blending. And on the other hand, to the word dement (to drive crazy) could be attached suffix –or, denoting the person performing these actions. The reason for this phenomenon is similar sound composition of the words dement and torment (tormentor).
A striking example of blending is the word wizengamot, denoting the council of wizards in the books of J.K. Rowling. This word is a combination of the words wizard and witenagemot (council of the Anglo-Saxons kings)
In the Tolkien's trilogy "The Lord of Rings" we are confronted with situations when words are known to us and fixed in dictionaries, acquire another meaning: Men (Thugs), Bag End (Turbine Pad). The word Shire denotes a country inhabited by hobbits. In English, the word shire already exists, but in a particular context it takes on a new meaning. Thus, we can say that these words are semantic occasionalisms.
A number of occasionalisms were invented by the authors, for example the word mumakil, which means a magical animal in the series of books "The Lord of Rings".
The name Gollum could be taken from the ancient Norse language, in which there is the word gull (another form — gol), which means "gold, treasure, jewel", and in the phrase finger-gull also means "ring".
Occasionalism Smaug, meaning fire-breathing dragon, is modified from the word smog (fog and smoke). The name of the area Mordor is translated from the fictional language of the author, as he claims, "black country". However, referring to the etymological dictionary, it can be found that in the old English language there was a lexical unit morðor, meaning murder, and there may be some analogy. Occasional word ents means one of the peoples inhabiting middle-earth, resembling huge trees. This word was also borrowed from the old English language, where it used to mean "giant".
At present, occasionalism is widespread not only in works of art, but also in printed publications. Their number on the pages of Newspapers and magazines increases every day. Probably, such rapid growth of occasionalisms in journalism can be explained as the appeared social need of unusual naming of all new, and intra-language factors-propensity to economy, unification of language means, use of nominations with different internal form and etymology. But the main reason for the popularity of occasionalism is the desire to achieve the maximum emotional, expressive and stylistic expressiveness of the printed word.
The increased interest of publicists in occasionalism can also be explained by the fact that such tumors destroy stereotypes of perception, being extraordinary structurally and unusual semantically.
Occasionalisms allow you to more accurately Express thoughts and feelings, to give a clear assessment of what is happening, strengthen emotionally expressive expressive speech, and will save the language means.
Occasionalisms are considered to be one of the linguistic means of achieving expressiveness in periodicals, as they are used to have more influence on the reader. The intentional use of words invented by the author in his speech is always meaningful, aesthetically significant and expressive.
Most often in journalistic publications, occasionalisms are used to create a method of “word play”, i.e. we can see an example of a language game at the level of word formation.
For example: