Children and aids newsletter

When: 06 October 2008 15:30 – 17:30 Focal Point

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Where
Rapporteur
Organisation
Outline for presentations: Time
Wide variations across countries call for more refined guidance from global and regional stakeholders.

When:	06 October 2008 15:30 – 17:30	Focal Point:
Patricia Lim Ah Ken Stuart Kean
Where: Room (To be confirmed)
Chairperson: Beverly Nyberg Organisation: Senior Technical Advisor, Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Rapporteur: Douglas Webb
Speakers 1. Name of proposed speaker: Dr Hao Yang Organisation: Deputy Director, Bureau of Disease Control and State Council AIDS Working Committee Office Country: China 2. Name of proposed speaker: Mr John Zulu Organisation: Director of Child Development, Ministry of Sport and Child Development Country: Zambia 3. Name of proposed speaker: Mr. Ahmed Hussein Organisation: Director, Department Children’s Services Country: Kenya
Outline for presentations: Time: 5-10 minutes for each presentation 6 slides maximum for each presentation

Background information
Chairperson to give opening remarks to frame the discussion and key issues – based on issues highlighted below:
Evidence around targeting^¹⁶:

Policy makers and programmers recognize that it is not always useful to distinguish the needs of children based on death of parents. A global MACRO/DHS secondary analysis notes that orphans and children living in households affected by AIDS are not always more vulnerable than other children^¹⁷. Although findings vary, poverty and relationship to guardian/caretaker can be a more significant variable and the impact of orphan hood on child wellbeing is more nuanced. (AOVG 2006, Filmer 2002, Oleki et al). Even where a narrower focus on children affected by AIDS is called for, using AIDS related terminology in targeting criteria can cause significant harm to the child and other family members. Stigma and discrimination may increase because of the children’s known association with AIDS. As a result, these children can be further marginalized within their communities and made more vulnerable.

These findings have led to a move away from focusing only on AIDS affected children and/or orphans response towards developing a response that is AIDS sensitive but not AIDS exclusive. The main government institution responsible for the coordination and implementation of these responses is usually the social welfare Ministry.
Evidence from the OVC Programme Effort Index^¹⁸:

The PEI for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) was developed to measure the current response by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to the crisis facing OVC. The tool shows how well national stakeholders think their national response is doing when asked to rate the programme on a list of eight important components^¹⁹. In 2007, the overall effort index score for 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was 59% an improvement of 10% on the score of 2004. The components that scored highest: National situation analysis; National Action planning; Consultative processes and Coordination mechanisms. The components that scored lowest were on: Policy; Monitoring and evaluation; Resources and Legislative review.

Evidence around National Plans of Action^²⁰:

There has been significant momentum for addressing the needs of children affected by AIDS and other vulnerable children at all levels (global, regional and national) but complicated challenges still persist especially in terms of defining target populations, capacity for implementation and capacity for monitoring and evaluation. Findings include:

There is no ‘one size fits all’ as to the most appropriate form national policy response for children affected by AIDS should take: in some countries stand alone NPA’s will be most appropriate but in others integrating children and AIDS into sector plans (e.g. health, education, social welfare, HIV and AIDS) and national development instruments will be more effective.
In light of the interplay among multiple vulnerabilities and the need for a sustained response, efforts to support children affected by AIDS should operate in tandem with broader efforts to strengthen social protection, social welfare and justice sectors.
There is a lack of consensus among global, regional and national stakeholders on harmonising monitoring and evaluation of national responses^²¹.
Stigma and discrimination continues to exist as a barrier to all aspects of the AIDS response.

Wide variations across countries call for more refined guidance from global and regional stakeholders.
Evidence around Social Protection^²² ^²³ ^²⁴:

Social transfers which include cash, food and vouchers are a core component of social protection. Evidence gathered from existing and emerging cash transfer programmes from a range of settings shows that:

Regular, predictable cash transfers can have a long-term positive impact on children affected by HIV and AIDS, their families and care takers, but does not need to specifically target children affected by HIV and AIDS to effectively reach them.^²⁵
When families make their own choices much of their spending benefits children both directly, for example, by paying school fees, and indirectly by reducing chronic poverty within the household
Social transfers alone, whether in the form of cash, food or vouchers, are not enough to fully transform the lives of vulnerable children, and must be part of a comprehensive system of context specific and nationally owned social protection and social policy reforms, including affordable access to quality basic services, including legal protection.

Family support services, child protection and alternatives to institutional care are a part of social protection for vulnerable children, including those affected by HIV and AIDS. Evidence from various sectors and experiences demonstrate that:

Early childhood care and development (ECCD); community-based assistance in accessing social transfers and other essential services; birth registration, protection of inheritance rights and succession planning; family tracing and reunification services; and livelihoods and life-skills training for youth are essential for addressing poverty and social vulnerability of vulnerable children, including those affected by AIDS.
The vast majority of the children living in orphanages or on the street have at least one surviving parent or contactable relative. With the right mixture of income and support services, many of these children could be reunified with families. There is an urgent need to invest in better care options such as kinship and foster care, guardianship and domestic adoption

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