Contents of the fikst volume
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Law, Preston R. Shuttleworth, Esq. Gawthorpe Mr. R. Shuttleworth, Attorney at Law, Rochdale Rev. Mr. Smalley, Darwen Rev. W. Sheepshanks, A.M. Pre- bendary of Carlisle and Minister of St. John's, Leeds
Wimpole and Aspenden, 2 copies Rev. Mr. Shorrock, A.M. Minister of Newchurch in Rossendale Rev. J. Sheepshanks, A.M. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge For the late Dr. Shepherd's Library, Preston W. St. Clair, M.D. Preston Literary Society, Settle E. Standish, Esq. Standish Hall T. A. Smyth, Esq. Berkeley- street, Portman-sqnare Mr. W. Sutcliffe, Field Head Mr J. Swinglehurst, Parkhill, Ros- sendale
Bloomsbury
Townley
Devonshire-place
row, St. James's H. Taylor, Esq. Palace House and Rock House, 3 copies J. Taylor, Esq. Read, 2 copies J. Tarleton, Esq. Finch House Mr. Tathnm, Duxbury Talbot, Esq. Mr. J. Tluirsby, Leeds Mr. J. Tickle, Padiham Miss Thursby, Leeds V. Rev. J. Vause, A.M. Fellow of King's College, Cambridge Mr. Varley, Strangoways Hall G. Venablcs, Esq. Mount Vernon Mr. S. Veevers, Coal-clough W. Rt. Hon. Sir R, Worsley, Bart. Pall Mall R. Wilbraham, Esq. St. James's- place M. Wilson, Esq. Manor House, Otley Rev. T. Wilson, B.D. Minister of Clitheroe Rev. R. Roe Walton, Marsden Rev. Mr Wade, Tottington Rev. H. Wigglesworth, A.M. Rector
G. Walmesley, Esq. Rochdale R. Walmesley, Esq. Showley T. W. Whalley, Esq. Roche Court, Hampshire W. Whalley, Esq. Orrel Colonel Wright, Roefield Rev. F. Wilkinson, A.M. Vicar of
Mr. H. Winterbottom, Goodshaw Chapel G. Wilbraham, Esq. Seymour-place Ixvi
ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITION, 1806.
been judged expedient to incorporate the substance of it with the remaining Copies, as well as to make several Corrections. Four Engravings are also added.
ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION, 1818. J.N this Volume the Author of the History of Whalley presents his first Work, for the last time, to a judicious Public. As the production of a young and zealous Antiquary, prone, from local attachment, to ascribe to some objects a degree of importance to which they were not entitled, he is fully aware of the imperfections with which it once abounded, and has never been inattentive to the admonitions which he has received on the subject, with whatever temper, or in whatever style, they may have been expressed. Nineteen years, however, which have elapsed since the first publication, might perhaps have converted enthusiasm into indifference, had not the bounty of a great Prelate placed the Writer in a situation, which, as it closely connected him with the principal subject of the Work, not only endeared to him that and the whole parish beyond the feelings of local attachment and early zeal, but presented to him many opportunities of information which lie had not before enjoyed.
numerous particulars relating to the parish of Whalley, of which he has in no instance neglected to avail himself.
many facts which were there hypothetically stated have been reduced to certainty, and an ample fund of original matter has been introduced.
investigation to supply, he was on the point of ushering into the world, with unmixed satisfaction, discoveries connected with that ancient Church and delightful Residence, where, for the last eight years, in society endeared to him by every tie of nature and affection, he had passed so many happy and edifying days. But the light and sunshine of the scene are now overcast by a gloom never to be dispelled. His constant companion in public duties and private society, the Son, the Pupil, and the Friend, has been snatched away by a momentary and awful stroke,* while in the possession of every domestic comfort, and in the exercise of every domestic virtue ; and henceforward a place once so dear can only serve to revive the painful recollection of past happiness too great to continue, and embitter sensations of present dereliction too deep to be effaced. Yet all feelings are not absorbed in one, however intense or abiding ; and it is even now with lively and affectionate regard that this Volume, the memorial of a connexion which he rejoices in transmitting to posterity, is bequeathed as a legacy to the parishioners of Whalley, by their Minister and Friend. February 26, 1818. * The Rev. Thomas Thoresby Whitaker, M.A., who was killed by a fall from his horse, August 28, 1817. See the Latin epitaph, by his father, at Holme. ! * * I 3 4 I * H^
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HISTOEY OF WHALLEY. BOOK I.
CHAPTER THE FIRST.
ful : they stretched from sea to sea in one direction from the shore of Humber to that of Tyne, and from the sestuary of Mersey to that of Eden on the other. But, within these ample confines were comprehended other inferior clans, of whom one, denominated by Ptolemy the Setantii, or rather the Segantii, 1 arc placed by that geographer in the moun- tainous tract usually termed the British Apennine, which divides the island in a longi- tudinal ridge, and from which the rivers fall, in a long and gentle course, to the German Ocean, but with a short and precipitate descent to the Irish Sea. Their other boundaries may be conjectured to have been the bay of Moricambe to the north, and the copious sestuary of the Mersey to the south. Thus situated, on an elevated level, along the sources of numerous brooks and of some considerable rivers, their name may be referred to the great characteristic feature of their country, Se cond u'i 2 the Head of the Waters. 3 Out of this wild and dreary tract, and contiguous only to its eastern boundary, arose in much later times that district, ecclesiastical and civil, which I have undertaken to describe. It comprehends, within the original boundaries of the Saxon parish of Whalley, the present extensive vicarage of that name, together with those of Rochdale and Blackburn, the rectory of Slaidburn, the vicarages of Mitton, Chipping, and Ribchester, with their
Seguntiaci. Vide Baxter in voce. 2 See again the excellent British etymologist Baxter in voce. 3 Eichard of Cirencester has thought proper to make us a present of the Voluntii, an Irish tribe, whom, as they have no legal claim upon us, we will take leave to remove to their original place of settlement. Stukeley's edition of Eic. Corinensis.
HISTOEY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK I. CHAP. I. several dependencies. 1 The features of the country are uniform, and rarely striking: never expanding into spacious plains, and never soaring into bold and majestic mountains, they swell into a tiresome succession of long and dreary ridges, sometimes, indeed, inter- sected by the pleasing scenery of deep and woody valleys, but often separated by tame and unbroken slopes, brown and cheerless, from which the wearied eye flies alike for refresh- ment to the bolder features of nature and to the lively hues of cultivation.
our Apennine for we have no lakes or considerable pools, which in fact rarely appear but in countries where the hills are bolder and more precipitous, where they tower into bulky cones, or are broken into sharp and serrated ridges. Thus the fells of Purness, of West- morland, and Cumberland, to the north, no sooner assume either of these striking forms, than their feet begin to be washed in the cool and translucent gatherings of their own torrents ; and thus the soft and swelling hills of Denbighshire to the south have no other accompaniment of water than their own descending streams, while the naked cliffs of Snoicdonia, often sharpened into ridges without a surface, are reflected on every side by the expanse of llyns and pools to which nature has denied an immediate outlet. The reason of a fact so general that I recollect only two or three exceptions to it, seems to be this that, in countries truly alpine, vast masses of rock are often pitched across the valleys, and thus become dams and ramparts which no force of torrents, or weight of congregated waters, can ever move ; = while the fells above, composed of slate or quartz, transmit their streams charged with few or no earthy particles to choke the pools beneath by gradual accumulation, whereas the loose and ill-compacted banks casually thrown athwart our spongy bottoms still appear in many instances to have been broken by the first pressure of floods, 3 or the hollows above them to have been filled by gradual deposits of earth and rubbish, which every little swell brings down in vast quantities, from the sides of mountains composed of clay, schistus, or other loose materials. A decomposition also of these or other minerals, almost all akin to coal or iron, forms the basis of our vegetable mould ; and thus, as every species of native soil is attended with a concomitant train of indigenous plants, while the granite of bolder fells is clad with the glowing purple of heath, and the mamillary swells of limestone are enlivened by the cheerful green of their native grasses the long and barn-like ridges of these hills are thatched with an uninteresting covering of pale and meagre bent. 4 1 Status de Blackburnshire. 2 g ee stukeley's Iter Boreale, p. 48. 3 It is an ingenious and probable conjecture of Mr. Mitford, that the deluges of Ogyges and Deucalion were occa- sioned by the bursting of lakes in the vales of Thessaly and Bceotia while the crust of the earth was yet tender and unsettled, after the general deluge. History of Greece.
A. alba (Bentham, Handbook of the Brit. Flora). "A. capillaris, Linn. Sp. pi. 93, Sm. pi. Ic. t. 54, is a totally different plant found in Portugal," Eng. Flora, vol. i. p. 93. " Some species (of Agrostis) are commonly called bents in some parts of the country, a name given by others more especially to the crested dogstail " (Cynosurus cristatus), Bentham, ib. p. 961. The herbage of these hills, however, chiefly consists of the root-leaves of the heath rush (Juncus squarrosus), which is far more abundant than the bent, although the flowering stems are not nearly so conspicuous. P. A. L.] BOOK I. CHAP. I] HISTORY OP WHALLEY. 3 Neither is the climate of this tract much more favourable than its general aspect. Presenting the broad and bulky masses of its hills to those copious exhalations which, rising in the Irish Sea, or even in the Atlantic, are driven by the continual prevalence of western winds against their sides, its summers are too often ungenial, its autumns lost in fogs, its grain damp and musty, its fruits crude and unmellowed.
away, contributed to augment the evil. Our vales, which are now drained by the hand of cultivation, were then steaming and unwholesome swamps; and our mountains, which even yet condense immense quantities of vapour by their chilling contact, then attracted, in a much larger proportion, the humidity of the atmosphere, by the projection of their native woods, which at the same time checked the wholesome influence of evaporation by their impenetrable umbrage.
it applies with peculiar propriety to our Apennines ef &v [eXow] T?)? dvaQviudaew KOI Tra^ur^Tos 6 KCLT e/celvrjv TIJV ^uipav at]p foc^aiSjy? del ^aiverai. 1 In this state, however, peopled by the wild boar and the wolf, and by their natural prey, the moose deer, the stag, the wild bull, these wastes were traversed, rather than occupied, by their first human inhabitants; and these were probably not only few in numbers, but inferior to their southern neighbours in arts and civilization. Hence it is that they have left, in a tract of great extent, only one remain 2 of those gigantic fortifica- tions which, under all the disadvantages of mechanical inexpertness, mark the toil and perseverance of savages that they have left few specimens of their skill in working metals, or of their art in shaping instruments of stone that they have erected none of those circular monuments, or rude columnar shafts, or well-poised rocking stones, which anti- quarian uncertainty has agreed to term druidical. 3 But of their flexible and expressive language they have left many striking remains in the names of permanent objects, such as rivers and mountains. These may best be con- sidered if we first divide the whole district into those great portions which the hand of
And again, " multus humor terrarum ccelique." 2 Vide EOSSENDALE. 3 In the contiguous parish of Halifax, Mr. Watson, the historian of that place, has found or fancied several of these remains; but since the publication of his book a very considerable discovery was made, an account of which may be allowed to supply the deficiency of similar information in our own parish. A countryman digging peat upon Mixenden Moor turned up the following instruments : 1st. A very fine celt of brass, but so white as to appear to have been alloyed by tin ; 2nd. A small battle-axe of beautiful green pebble veined with white ; 3rd. An instrument of grey stone resembling a carpenter's gouge, and probably intended for the purpose of excavating wood ; 4th. A whetstone of a black basaltic appearance ; 5th; Four arrow-heads of flint. These are now in my possession. [Besides the entrench- ment of Broadclough here referred to, the following may be enumerated as British remains belonging to the ancient parish of Whalley. They will be more fully noticed under their respective localities : Sepulchral urns found at Over Darwen. Rock basins on Pendle and the hills about Burnley. Stone mallet found at Newchurch-in-Pendle. Celts found at Waddington, Bead, and Clitheroe. Fibula found at Waddington. Beaded tore found near Rochdale. Gold tore brought to Dr. Whitaker on the evening after he had finished the last edition of Whalley.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK I. CHAP. I. nature has marked out, and which have materially affected its civil and ecclesiastical distribution in later times.
accuracy of a perambulation ; but with a freer and bolder hand to trace those great original objects which Providence seems to have interposed, as dykes and ramparts, for the purpose of ascertaining the claims or of restraining the hostility of neighbouring and contending tribes in after ages. 1
briefly or in detail, to constitute the subject of this work, it will appear to have been thus originally distributed into nine different portions, of which some are principally defined by the course of rivers ; but the greater part are deep and winding excavations, bounded by the long and irregular outline of the surrounding hills, and all are strongly marked by natural features on every side, excepting the eastern boundary of Bowland, the western extremity of the parishes of Chipping and Bibchester, and the south-western limit of the parish of Rochdale, in all which the original parish declines towards the adjoining plains, and partakes of their tamer and less definite character.
natural characters of the country. It will bring together in one view such relics of the British language as still subsist in the names of our rivers and mountains ; and it will show what influence the hand of nature has had upon the subsequent arrangements of civil society.
Natural Districts. First, of these natural districts to the-, north, is the tract interposed between the Ribble, the Hodder, and the fells of Totteredge, Trough Scar, Goodgreave, Ravish Castle, and Bowland Knots. The eastern boun- dary not strongly marked.
Hodder, and Fairsnape Fell. The I boundary towards the Filde country j not strongly defined. J Third, the tract lying betwixt Pendle ") and Ribble. J Fourth, the great excavation between *\ Pendle, Pinhow, Bulswerd, 2 Hamel- / don, Cliviger Pike, and Hameldon ^ in Hapton. J British Names. Ribble,
Hodder. Modern Distribution, Civil and Ecclesiastical.
( Forest and country of Bowland. (. Parishes of Mitton and Sladeburn.
As before. Pendle,
Cliderhow. Pinhow, Hameldon, Calder, Colne.
Parishes of Chipping and Ribchester.
Chapelries of Cliderhow and Downham. r Whalley, with its immediately de- J pendent townships, the chapelries of j Burnley and Colne, and the forests \. of Pendle and Trawden. " Mutuo metu et montibus separantur." Tacitus de Mor. Germ.
BOOK I. CHAP. L] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Natural Districts. British Names. Fifth, the country lying betwixt Hamel- -\ don, Criddon, Musbury, and the > Criddon. rivers Calder and Hyndeburne. J Sixth, the tract bounded by Ribble, ") -P. , , , > Derwent. Derwent, and Hyndeburne. J Seventh, Country bounded by Cliviger "\ Moor, Hameldon, Criddon, Musbury, > Rossendale. Copelaw, Gorsithlache. ) Eighth, the valleys of Roch and Spod--\ den, with their several acclivities, to I Gorsithlache, Flourscar, Blackston- ! Roch, edge, and the hills of Butterworth. i Biel. The south-west boundary not strongly i marked. -J Ninth, the tract bounded by Black--' stonedge, Stanedge, Goodgreave, Withins, Walstonedge, &c. terminating the Diggles, original parish of Whalley to the Chaw, south on the confines of Cheshire, and Tame, the Peak of Derby. 1 ^ Modern Distribution, Civil and Ecclesiastical.
(. ton, Haslingden, Parish of Blackburn. Forest of Rossendale. I Parish of Rochdale within Lancashire. 1
Saddleworth, a member of the same I parish, but in Yorkshire. First, and most celebrated in this catalogue of British names, is the Ribble, which by the general consent of our antiquaries has been understood to be the Bellscma of Ptolemy. And this hypothesis is supported by the resemblance and the etymology of the two words, as well as by the bearings and distances laid down by that geographer. A late antiquary,* however, of great talents and learning, having a favourite hypothesis to support, has thought proper to transfer Belisuma to the Mersey, and to leave the more distinguished river nameless and unnoticed. In order to understand the grounds of this controversy, it will, in the first place, be necessary to state and to explain Ptolemy's chart of the British coast from the Seteia to the Moricambe. Moricambe ^Estuarium 17 30 58 20 Segantiorum Portus 17 29 57 45 Belisama JEstuarium 17 30 57 20 Seteia JjZstuarium 17 57 Moricambe (the great curvature) and Seteia are here given quantities, one of which is allowed to be the deep and spacious bay formed by the sestuaries of Ken and Leven, and the other is as plainly the Dee. 3 But in the interval between these are three principal
of the original parish of Whalley. 2 Mr. Whitaker, Hist. Mane. b. i. c. 5. 3 Se is the British prefix, or prepositive article ; and Teia is the true Welsh pronunciation of Deia, or Deva. 6 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK I. CHAP. I. rivers, the Lune, the Kibble, and the Mersey, of which two only are noticed by the geographer. Now, prior to all reasoning upon the chart itself, there is an antecedent probability, that, as Ptolemy is known to have taken his accounts of our British coasts from the observations of mariners, those sestuaries which had no celebrated ports upon them would be omitted in those observations. But the Mersey was exactly in this predicament, whereas the Kibble and Lune had considerable harbours and stations upon their banks, which would of course be resorted to by sailors, and therefore noted in their charts.
that Belisama is the Mersey, we will state it in his own words : l " Erom the Seteia, ad- vancing 20 miles to the north, Ptolemy goes 30 to the east to the sestuary Belisama. This is plainly the Mersey, because Belisama is at the distance of the Mersey from the Dee, and because such a considerable object as the Mersey could not be overlooked any more Yüklə 4,81 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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