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its situation in the country, but from its lying uninclosed and open to the adjoining fields. This had no right or place of sepulture, and no stated endowment ; but the founder was required by the same laws of Edgar, 3 without substracting anything from his tithes for the support of his chaplain, to sustain him according to his own discretion out of the remaining nine parts of his income. To this class belonged many chapels of ease within the original parish, since become parochial, some by gradual usurpation, and others by positive con- cession. Thus the chapel of Samlesbury, originally dependent upon Law, was made parochial by a grant of the rights of sepulture and baptism. 4
sure, affords a complete example of these humble foundations. If the subject be not yet sufficiently clear, it may further be illustrated by the several effects which these subsequent endowments had upon the rights of their parent churches. For the erection of a church with lege/irtope occasioned a substraction both of tithes and oblations ; that of the parochial chapel in later times, of oblations alone ; and that of the feldkirk, neither one nor the other.
these ranks does not appear to have been understood at the date of Delaval's charter (temp. Hen. I.), in which the now parochial chapels of Clitheroe, Colne, and Burnley are denominated churches, though they never received tithes ; and that of St. Michael in Castro is plainly termed a chapel, though its endowment of tithes is expressly mentioned. Hence it may be inferred that in the conception of that age a legenrtope without tithes constituted a church ; and that tithes without a legenrtope did not.
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CHAPTER THE SECOND.
LOCUS BENEDICTUS DE WHALLEY. " Bonum est nos hie esse, quia homo vivit purius, cadit rarius, surgit velocius, incedit cautius, quiescit securius, moritur fselicius, purgatur citius, praemiatur copiosius." BERNARD. 1
general was at its height, and when a partial reform of the Benedictine order under St. Bernard had directed for a time the bounty of kings and nohles almost exclusively into that single channel, John, Constable of Chester, founded a monastery of Cistertians at Stanlaw, 3 in Cheshire, not far from his Castle of Halton, endowing it with the villages of Aston, Stanye, and other lands, and appointing that it should be called Locus BENEDICTUS : 4 but the situation was low and unpleasant ; at spring-tides nearly inaccessible, and some- times overflowed ; besides that the sea made continual encroachments upon the adjoining lands. These inconveniences were patiently endured for about a century ; but the vast accession of property which the Barons of Halton received in that interval from the first house of Lacy had enabled them to multiply their benefactions to Stanlaw ; and the acquisition of the rectory of Rochdale from Roger de Lacy and of Blackburn and Eccles from John Earl of Lincoln, followed by many private donations in the same quarter, occasioned a vast preponderance in the property of the Monks on the side of Lancashire, and naturally turned their eyes (never wanting in sagacity to discover warm and fertile situations) to a place at once more commodious in itself and better adapted to the inspec- tion of their other estates. Those estates indeed afforded no situation to their taste. The
dicti Eicardi patris sui fundavit monasterium de Stanlowe in Wirrall, com. Cestrize, anno regni regis Henrici secundi, dicti Filii Imperatricis, xv. Anno gratise 1163, post cujus fundationem idem dictus Johannes profectus est in Terrain Sanctam," &c. (Harl. MS. 1830, fol. 15 b.) Another passage states that " Anno domini 1172 fundata fuit abbathia de Stanlaw per Johannem Lacy Constabularium Cestria; et dominum de Halton, qui obiit in Terra Sancta anno sequenti." (Cotton. MS. F. in. fol. 258.) That which is considered the foundation charter, however, and is printed in the Morias- ticon, and Coucher Book, pp. 1 5, was granted in 1178, the date named by Dr. Whitaker.]
Gowy with the Mersey, is the site of the monastery of Stanlaw. (Lecture delivered by the Eev. E. A. Whitaker, Vicar of Whalley, 2nd Feb. 1869.)]
teries, this suffrage occurs, " ut locum nostrum conservare digneris." M2 84 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK II. CHAP. II. glebe of Blackburn, for instance, was a bed of sand, and that of Rochdale surrounded by morasses ; but the parent church of Whalley itself presented, as they truly said, " locum habitation! admodum idoneum;" 1 the glebe was fertile, warm, and spacious; the tithery extensive ; the incumbent aged ; themselves importunate ; and their patron bountiful. Thus two of the filial churches were reduced once more to their original dependence upon the ealban mynptjae ; and Whalley, previously venerable for its ecclesiastical antiquity, became the seat of a nourishing establishment, which continued for two centuries and an half to exercise unbounded hospitality and charity; to adorn the site which had been chosen with a succession of magnificent buildings ; to protect the tenants of its ample domains in the enjoyment of independence and plenty ; to educate and provide for their children ; to employ, clothe, feed, and pay many labourers, herdsmen, and shepherds ; to exercise the arts and cultivate the learning of the times ; yet, unfortunately, at the expense of the secular incumbents, whose endowments they had swallowed up, and whose functions they had degraded into those of pensionary vicars or mendicant chaplains. 2 But the secular clergy were not the only persons who felt or fancied themselves to be aggrieved by this translation. The elder convent of Sallay, 3 which was never richly endowed, and whose lands were better adapted to the feeding of cattle than to the growth of grain and other necessaries of life usually raised by the religious houses Avithin their own domains, exhibited a large catalogue of grievances, which, at the distance of more than six miles, they experienced or apprehended from the new foundation. This dispute, however, was compromised by arbitrators of their own order. In fact, the monks knew how to lay their own damages ; but the complaint was not altogether groundless, for the introduction of so numerous an establishment into a country scarcely able to support its own inhabitants before, must necessarily be felt in a defect of provisions, or an increase of their price.
tutiones ordinis. Secundum est quod monachi de Whalleya modo occupant et expendunt decimas ecclesise de Whalleya quas monachi de Salleya cmere solebant tempore domini Petri de Cestria rectoris dictee ecclesiaa et tempore 1 In their petition for the appropriation. 2 Coucher Book, &c. For proofs of all these particulars, see the Computus of the House for the years 1478 and 1521, which -will be given in their place. 3 [The history of Sallay Abbey is related at full by Dr. Whitaker in his History of Craven (2d edit. 1812), pp. 39-58; and at pp. 44, 45 he has given an imperfect copy of the Querela, which we have now transferred to the text, as more strictly belonging to Whalley. In his remarks Dr. Whitaker states that " the dispute was finally de- termined in a chapter of the order held by the abbots of Rievall and Byland." This is not quite accurate. It will be seen that the dispute was referred by a general chapter to the abbots of Rievaulx and Byland as judges, and that, with the assistance and mediation of the abbots of Eevesby and Swineshead, the reconciliation took place in the church of the Hospitallers at Boston, in Lincolnshire, on the morrow of St. Peter ad Vincula 1305.] BOOK II. CHAP. II.] THE ABBEY. 85
omnium predecessorum suorum ad sustentationem suam, pro majori parte, sed modo impediuntur per predictos monachos de Whalleya ad dampnum ipsorum de Salleya c. s. per annum. Item Monachi predict! de Whalleya modo discurrunt per se et per suos servientes et procuratores infra patriam de Craven et in foro dicti Abbatis de Salleya emunt omnimoda blada quaa Monachi de Salleya emere solebant ad sustentaeionem suam, et venduntur modo eis blada infra Craven carius causa illorum omni anno ad tertium denarium, ad dampnum ipsorum x. li. per annum, quod oportet ipsos de Salleya emere bladum suum et cariare per xl. sive Ix. leugas pessimae vise si vivere volunt.
de Salleya ad tertium denarium, ad dampnum eorum xl. s. per annum. Item quod maremium, quo monachi de Salleya edificare deberent et edificia sua sustentare, venditur eis carius ad quartum denarium ratione quod monachi de Whalleya modo edificant, et in posterum edificare intendunt, ad dampnum ipsorum de Salleya xxx s. per annum.
Salleya xxs. per annum. Item venditores tana? in partibus illis, sperantes monachos de Whalleya magnam tanariam habituros, tanam carius vendunt ad tertium denarium, unde tanaria de Salleya fere destructa est, ad dampnum ipsorum 0. s. per annum.
denarium, ad dampnum illorum xl. s. per annum. Item aucse, gallinse, ova, et cetera minuta necessaria carius venduntur eis ad tertium denarium quod rarius inveniuntur, ad dampnum illorum xx s. per annum. Summa omnium dampnorum xxvii li. x s. Concordia kujus querele. Cum mota esset contentio per Abbatem et Conventum de Salleya contra Abbatem et Conventum de Whalleya super quibusdam articulis nimia propinquitate et majori caristia venalium, causa propinquitatis Abbatise de Whalleya ad Salleyam, datis judicibus a Capitulo generali, dominis videlicet tie Ryevalle et de Bella Landa abbatibus, qui dictam causam secundum consuetudinem ordinis pace vel judicio terminarent, tandem vocatis et assistentibus partibus coram dictis judicibus in ecclesia Hospitalorum juxta Sanctum Botulphum in crastino Sancti Petri ad Vincula Anno Domini M CCC quinto, mediantibus venerabilibus patribus de Kevesby et Swynesheved abbatibus, et annucntibus prcfatis judicibus, in hac forma amicabiliter conquievit, videlicet, quod sopitis et extinctis pcnitus omnibus querelis de temporibus retroactis, deinceps utraque pars bona fide alterius negocium tanquam proprium promovebit commodum ct proficuum procurabit. Et si forte monachi vel conversi de Whalleya contra domum do Salleya in aliquo notabiliter excesserint, cum de tali transgressione Abbati et Monachis de Whalleya manifesto constiterit, dclinquentcs ad abbatiam de Salleya sine mora mittentur puniendi in capitulo monachorum secundiim quantitatem delicti et ad arbitrium presidentis. Et si a parte ipsorum de Salleya aliquid tale contigerit, per ipsos de Whalleya similiter punientur. Et si illi de Whalleya decimas venales habuerint quas Abbas et Conventus de Salleya suis usibus viderint competentes, vendentur eis citius et liberius quam aliis, saltern pro pretio quod alii dare volunt. In cujus rei testimonium tarn partes quam judices et mcdiatores huic scripti cyrographico sigilla sua apposuerunt. Datum apud Sanctum Botolphum die et anno suprascriptis. (Addit. MS. Brit. Mus. 10,374, /. 136.) But to return : Stanlaw, notwithstanding the name of locus benedictus, appears to have been eminently unblest, for, in addition to the calamities recited above, the tower of the church fell down in the year 1287 ; and in 1289 great part of the abbey was consumed by
HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK II. CHAP. II. fire. 1 These misfortunes would undoubtedly quicken the impatience of the monks for a removal. The advowson of Whalley, together with a licence of translation, had been obtained from Henry de Lacy by charter, dated at Pontefract on the day of the Circum- cision A.D. 1283 ; but Peter de Cestria, the long-lived Rector, survived this transaction ten years, and, after his death, the translation was delayed for three years longer 2 by the want of an appropriation, for which the Bull of Nicholas IV. and the subsequent ratification of the founder were not obtained till 1295 ; so that it was not before the festival of St. Ambrose, or April 4th, 1296, that Gregory de Northbury, eighth abbot of Stanlaw, and his convent, took possession of the old deanery or parsonage, which was to be their abode during the erection of the new monastery. 3
this donation, and throw considerable light on several particulars in the ancient state of the parish. 4
proxirae ante festum Sancti Georgii, anno Domini Mcc nonogesimo sexto, per xxiiij or fide dignos juratores et examinatorcs. Qui dicunt quod-
viij marcas. Item parva Mitton cum Hentliorn valet v marcas. Item Wyswall valet ix marcas. Item Coldcotes valet xxs. Item Magna Penlmlton valet viij marcas. 5 Item Reved valet ix marcas. Item Symondston valet vij marcas. Item Padiam cum Whitacre 6 valet xij marcas. Item Hapton et Bryddes- twysell valent xij marcas. Item Alteragium Ecclesie ejusdem valet xvj.
cession in prnprios tisus. The former was merely a transfer of the patronage, and might be transacted without licence by a lay-patron ; the latter was an act of the ordinary, or sometimes, as in the instance before us, of the Pope himself, ex plenitudine potestatis. During this interval of two years, as the monks never presented a rector, the church must have been considered as litigious, otherwise the Bishop of Lichfield would scarcely have neglected to avail himself of the lapse, and the monks would have lost their turn and their translation together. 3 [" Teinpore dicti Henrici translata fuit Abbatia de Stanlawe apud Whalley propter nimius maris inundaciones. anno Domini 1296 in festo sancti Ambrosii Episcopi." (Harl. 1830, f. 23 b.) "Anno Domini 129G, Indictione nona, anno bissextili, littera dominicali G. 7 idus Aprilis, anno regni regis Edwardi 24, anno sctatis domini Henrici de Lacy 47, intravit Conventus de Stanlawe in Wirall in manerium de Whalley, presidente Gregorio de Northbury, sub quo isti sunt subscript! monachi Thorstanus de Cestria," &c. as hereafter in p. 88. (Cotton. MS. Vesp. D. xvn. f. 6.)] 4 [Another return resembling this, drawn up only two years later, is inserted by Dr. Whitaker among the documents appended hereafter.] ' The distinction between Great and Little Pendleton is now unknown, and the Vicar of Whalley receives the altarage of both. Little Pendleton, which is here described as in the chapelry of Clitheroe, appears to be that part of the village in which the Hall is situated. [The name will be found a little south of Pendleton Hall, in a map at the Public Record Office, Duchy of Lancaster, Class xxix. No. 101.] 5 Whitaker, from which the author of this work derives his name and descent, is no longer a hamlet in Padiham, but is reduced to a single house the ancient Hall. BOOK II. CHAP. II.]
THE ABBEY. 87
vj marcas. Item Worston valet vj marcas. Item Magna Merley et Parva Merley valent v marcas. Item Parva Penhulton valet xxs. Item Alteragium ejusdem Capelle valet v marcas. 1 DOWNHAM.] Item Decime Garbarum de Downham valent x marcas cum Twyselton. Item Alteragium ejusdem Capelle valet iiij marcas. Item Terra de Dominicis de Downham valet j marcam. COLNE.] Item Decime Garbarum de Colne cum Alcancotes 2 valent viij marcas. Item Folryges valet vj marcas. Item Ferneside 3 cum Barnesete 3 valet iv marcas. Item Merklesden valet x marcas. Item Parva Merklesden valet xls. Item Alteragium ejusdem Capelle valet x 1. Item Terra de Dominicis de Colne valet vij s. BRUNLEY.] Item Decime Garbarum de Brunley valent xv marcas. Item Clyvachcr valet x marcas. Item Worstorn valet vj marcas. Item Extwysel valet xl s. Item Brereclyff valet iij marcas et dimidiam. Item Habrincham valet viij marcas. Item Hightenhull 4 valet iiij marcas. Item Alteragium ejusdem Capelle valet xx marcas. Item Terra de Dominicis de Brunley valet j marcam. CHYECHE.] Item Decime Garbarum de Chirclie valent iiij marcas. Item Oswaldcstwysel valet vj marcas. Item Dukword valet ij marcas. Item Huncotes valet vj marcas. Item Alteragium ejusdem Capelle valet v marcas. Item Terra de Dominicis valet x s.
de Dominicis valet iiij marcas. Sumina ccxj I. vijs. 5 Ad hec dicit Inquisitio quod octava pars Matris Ecclesie de "VVhalleia et Capelle ville dc Cliderhow et Capelle de Downham de jure et consuetudine pertinet ad Ecclesiam de Blagburn. Item ad alia onera sustinenda et supportanda oportet invenire ibi septem Capellanos, viz. ad Whalley, Clyderhow, Downham, Colne, Brunley, Church, et Haslingden, viz. unicuique Capellano iiij marcas, sccundum consuetudincm patrie. Item in procurationibus Domini Archiepiscopi xl s. et in Synodalibus iij s. Item ad inveniendum panem et vinum annuatim xl s. Item ad hec Abbas inveniet ibi xx monaclios sccundum tcnorcm Bulle sue cum aliis ministris necessariis in Abbathia de novo constructa cum aliis sumptibus necessariis. Et licet ista Inquisitio capta fuit ex mandate Domini Archiepiscopi Cant' ut postmodum do taxacione vicarie in certis porcionibus ordinaret, tamen hoc per ipsum non fuit factum, sed postea per Dominum Waltcrum de Langton Coven' et Lich. Episcopum dicta Vicaria fuit ordinata, videliz. Anno Domini Millesimo CC mo nonagesimo octavo.
wasamonke of the Abbey of Whallye ; 6 " and at the foot of the front page is this memorandum " M r Paryshc his awne hande." (from the original in Dr. Wldtaker 's interleaved Edition of
1 The omission of all mention of glebe in Clitheroe proves that the glebe elsewhere mentioned in that place belonged to the chapel of St. Michael in the Castle.
8 The name of Fernesete is lost. Barnside remains, like Alcancotes, in an ancient manor-house. 4 This proves that Ightenhill is not extra-parochial, but merely a hamlet within Burnley. 8 It might be proved, if necessary, that the Rectory was, at this time, nearly equal to the rental of the whole parish : the reason of which is, that the tithes are a tax upon the actual produce, while rents bore a much smaller proportion than at present to the real value : or, in other words, the tenant had a more and the landlord a less lucrative interest in the estate. It is remarkable that the altarage of Whalley with Padiham exceeded its present amount ; one reason of which is, the vast numbers of sheep and lambs, which were not only tithed in kind, but paid a modus to the Easter Roll. The expression of Abbatia de novo constructa can only be understood of some temporary erection for the accom- modation of the Monks, as the present Abbey is unquestionably of later date. 6 [He survived until 1572, as will appear in a subsequent page.] 88
HISTORY OF WHALLEY.
[BOOK II. CHAP. II. Before we take leave of the original house, it may be proper to record the names of its abhots, with the date of their respective deaths, which is all the intelligence that can now be retrieved concerning them, excepting that, on the morrow of St. Simon and Jude, A.D. 1259, the Abbot returned from the Council of London with the Bishop of Lichfield's confirmation of the church of Blackburn/ and that their foundation consisted of twenty monks, the expenses of each of whom were estimated at v marks, or Ixvj I. xiij s. iv d. in the whole. ABBATES APUD STANLAW. 2 RADULPHUS, primas Abbas, obiit in festo S' 1 Bar- tliolomei Aprilis A.D. 1209. OSBERNUS, secundus, obiit in festo Apostolorum Philippi et Jacobi. CAROLUS, 3, temp. Job. Scott, Com. Cest.. ob. 3 norms Jan. PETRUS, 4, ob. prid. non. Mart. SIMON, 5, ob. 7 idus Decembris 1268. RICARDUS THORNTON, 6, ob. 7 idus Decembris 1269. RICARDUS NORTHBURN, 7, ob. kal. Jan. 1272, nocte Circumcisionis. ROBERTUS HOWARTH, 8, ob. 10 kal. Maii, 1304, quondam abbas de Stanlaw, having resigned the Abbey, and remained at Stanlaw. 3 The names of the fraternity, at the time of their translation, were as follow : 1. GREGORIUS DE NORTHBURY, primus Abbas de Whalley, ob. die Sancti Vincentii Martyris, A.D. 1309. Robcrtus Hau worth, quondam Abbas de Stanlaw, ob. 10 kal. Maii, 1304. Fr. Thurstanus de Cestria, Prior, qui in Cristo requi- evit xiii kal. Maii 1296, et sepultus in ecclesia parochiali ante altare Marie virginis de Whalley. 2. HELIAS DE WORKSLEIGH, Theologus, Abbas se- Yüklə 4,81 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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