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hill pyke to Whitstoncliff, and so to Ravencross aforesaid. 1 Vide Coucher Book at Whalley, and Towneley MSS. G. 26. 2 Afterwards Bishop of Ely. 3 Qu. Dene ? VOL. I. 2 U 330 " HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK III. CHAP. IV. The following is of the earlier part of the seventeenth century : The oute boundaries of the forrest of Bowland how farr and into what places doth the same extend, and upon what lords' landes doth the same bound and border : Beginning at the lowe end of Graddell, next adjoining to a certayn place called Grange, and soe along after a river called Hodder, leading to Cross of Greate, which bounds north-east upon the lordship of Horneby, as heaven-water deales, and from thence to Croasdale and Whitledale, and part of Brennand North, which bounds upon, said lp of Horneby, as heaven-water deales. The rest is from Brennand, and bounds upon the farmers of Tarnebrooke, and so to a place called Ughtersik, as Harrington ditch leads, lying over the west end of Millhouse, and soe as heaven-water leades over the Threape Hawe to the stone in the Trough, that divides Yorkshire from Lancashire.
dale, Fairsnape, Blindhurst, and AVoolfhall, as heaven-water divides, and from thence down brooke called Dobson Brooke to C'hippin Brooke, and soe all along after, by the ende of Chippin towne, and about 16 roodes downe brooke of Chippin, and soe lineally to Red Banke. And from thence all along the lands of Richard Marsden, of the pale which bounds part upon Mr. Yates his grounds, the lordship of Thorneley, and lordship of Braidley Hall. And from thence to after the grounds of Clem. Towlson, bounding upon the lordship of Braidley Hall aforesaid. Then after, and all along the grounds of Rob. Rawthmell, bounding upon Mr. Shereburne lordship and Mr. Sunderland lordship. Thence to TVyerburne Foot, Browsholme, and Newhay, bounds upon the lordship of Bashall. Thence over cofhon called Whitstoncliffe, Bradford Moore, and Grinlcton Moore, which bouncles south upon lordship of Wadclington, and the coppie-houlders of Bradford and Grinleton, parcel of manor of Slayd- burne.
side of lordship of Bonlton. Next is tlie Survey of this Forest during the great Usurpation : Elor. et Lane. Chacea de Bolland. A SURVEY of the CHACE of BOLLAND, part of the possessions of Charles Stewart, the late King, of which he was seized as in right of the Duchy of Lancaster ; but now settled on trustees, for the use of the Com'onwealth of England. 12th Oct. 1652.
on lease ; but now, for moste part, said landes are held in fee-farme, being sold to the respective tenants by King James and King Charles, as appears by diverse letters patents.
these, part, Brennand, contained 1,713 ; another part, 1,145 ; and a third, held by Rob. Parker, esq. 929. Whitendale, held by Rob. Sherburne, esq. alone contained 3,693 acres.
for the wild beasts. These leaseholds were all the lands in Bowland which had not been granted in fee-farm by the Crown.
BOOK III. CHAP. IV.] BOWLAND. 331 kept two swainmotes, a woodmote court, two courts leet, and tM r o courts baron, to which the inhabitants of Bolland do suit and service, in which all such as felled anie wood without lycens, or killed anie deere, were fyned ; also, all actions under 40s. were tryed.
estrays, felons' goods, deodands, amount, com* a 8 , to ol. Other officers of the Chace are, 12 keepers for the deere, 1 both red and fallow. The several tenants, as well lease holders as fee-farmers, are bound to suffer the deere to goo unmo- lested into their several grounds : they are also fyned, if anie, without lycens, keep anie dogg bigger than will go through a stirupe, 2 to hunt the deere out of the corne.
559 5
at Skipton, A.D. 1577. 3
de Newton, Slaitburne, Woodhouse, Highficlcl, Grinleton, Bradford, "Wadclington, Mitton, Bashall, Crook, "Withgill sunt infra cur. vis. franc, pleg. Diia) Regiiia; do Slaydburne, et infra "\Yap. do Stayncliffe; et quod Grangeae seu terras dominicales de Edisforth, Esington, Hamerton, Rishtomnere, Harden, Staplehocke, Thorneholme, Betrax, Harrop, Nether Carr, Over Browsholine, Birholme, Troughe, ct Sikcs, Lee al. Leehouse, Whittledale, Brennand, Le Lees, Swinehurst, Gradate, Newhay Past, ct Kadholmc Parke sunt infra forestam D'nas Regince de Bowland et infr. cur. woodmote infr. for. p'dict. tent, apud Whytewcll.
the parish of Whalley ; and the same part of Burholme, with Browsholme and Little Bow- land, constitute the chapelry of Whitewell.
the tithery of Bowland consisted of Browsholme, Newhey, Radholme, Burholme, Thorni- holme, Farrick House, Fence, Dinkley Green, Lickhurst, Over and Lower Grafton Lee, Lees and Wardsleys, Legram, Harrop, and Burnslack. At this time the tithery of Bow- 1 That is, there were twelve keepers of sixty deer. The stock had evidently been wasted in that period of anarchy. 3 [See the gauge represented in the Plate.] 3 Towneley MSS. G. 16. 2 TJ 2 332 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK III. CHAP. IV. land consisted of about 72 families ; at least, so many families paid Easter dues, &c. in that year. At the time of the Domesday Survey the boundaries of the Forest, as distinct from the tract of country popularly called Bowland, do not appear to have been accurately traced ; for the greater part of the villages mentioned above, whether within the forest or without, were considered as dependent upon the manor of Grinleton, which is now become dependent upon Slaidburn. This will appear from the following transcript of that ancient and authentic record, so far as it relates to these places : CD In GRETLINTONE habet Comes Tosti iiii car. t're ad gld. ii car. ii car. iiii car. iiii car. ii car. iiii car. ii car. iiii car. ii car. Iii Bradefbrde, "Widiton, Baschelf, Mitune, Hameretone, Slateborne, Badresbi, Neutone, Bogeuurde, iii car. ii car. iii car. Esintune, Radun, Sotelie, has t're adjacent in Gretlintone. These were surveyed under the lands of Roger of Poitou, and were held under him by Earl Tosti, who was soon to give place to the Lacies. Of these villages, Bogworthe and Sotelie, so far as I know, have entirely perished ; and Radun, or Radholme, is only remembered as a la\vnd ; so that we have here what never occurs in the forests of Black- burnshire, an instance of depopulation, whether active or otherwise, previous to the proper afforesting of the country. Bowland, 1 though principally inclosed, is still ranged by herds of deer, 2 under the jurisdiction of a master forester ; here, in allusion to the name of the forest, 3 called the 1 One custom, in letting the great sheep-farms in the higher parts of Bowland, deserves to be mentioned, as I do not know that it prevails anywhere else. It is this : that the flock, often consisting of 2,000 sheep, or more, is the property of the lord, and delivered to the tenant by a schedule, subject to the condition of delivering up an equal number, of the same quality, at the expiration of the term. Thus the tenant is merely usufructuary of his own stock. The practice was familiar to the Roman law, and seems to have arisen from the difficulty of procuring tenants who were able to stock farms of such extent. 1 have met with the following miscellaneous facts relating to this Forest. 16 Edw. II. The bailiwick of Bowland is granted to Ed. de Dacre, p. 1. m. 15, 17. 20 Edw. II. The bailiwick of the Chace of Bowland is granted to Eic. de Spaldington (Tower Records, 20 Edw. II. m. 5), and again in 1 Edw. III. 22 Edw. III. A grant of free chace in Bowland to Isabella, queen dowager. 9th of Henry VI. [1493-4] is a grant of a vaccary called Batterax, for 32 vaccce, one bull, and their issue, both at summer-pasture, and hay, for the rent of Ixs. to John Harrison and Thomas Hammerton. And, at the same time, a grant of half the vaccary of Hardon to Robert del Shaw. Also, a pardon to Thomas de RadclifFe for transgressions in the forest of Bowland, 16 Hen. VII. [1500-1]. Townl. MSS. 2 [This was written in or before 1800 (appearing in Dr. Whitaker's first edition, p. 207). In p. 335 hereafter will be found a postscript written after 1805.] * This title was not peculiar to the keeper of Bowland ; for in the church of Blakesley, co. Northampton, I find the following epitaph : " Hie jacet Matth. Sweetenham portator arcus et armiger Regis Henr. IV. Mccccxvi." Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii. [There were one or more officers termed bowbearers in several of the royal forests, according to Harl. MSS. 240. They were usually of inferior rank to the keeper of the forest or forester. In the forest of Galtres in Yorkshire the bowbearer and collector of the attachment moneys received a yearly fee of 81. IBs. In Longstrother were a keeper of the forest, whose fee was 41. 6s. 8d., a bowbearer with a fee of c s., and BOOK III. CHAP. IV.] BOWLAND. 333 Bow-bearer, who has tinder him an inferior keeper. The former office is now held by Thomas Lister Parker, Esq. as it has long been by his ancestors. Here have been two lawnds or inclosures for the deer, 1 Radholme Laund and Lathgram Park. 2 [The latter was disparked by a decree dated 2 March, 1 and 2 Phil, and Mary, 1556. 3 ] The following is a copy of one of the letters patent by which the office of [Master Forester 4 ] of Bowland [with the appointment of all inferior offices] was anciently held. Ricardus (3 tius ) D. G. Rex Ang. et Fr. et Dns Hib. omn", &c. Sciatis quod nos in consideratione veri et fidelis servitii quod perdilectus -miles pro corp. nro Jacobus Harrington nobis antea impendit et impendere intendit in futuro : Dedimus et cone 8 ei officia Magri Forestarii, Senescallorum, Balliv, Forestar m , et le Drivers foreste nre de Bowland, in com 8 Ebor. et Lane. Habend. occupand. et gaudend. offic. pd' pfat. Jacobo per se, vel dep m suum, vel dep 8 suos sufficientes, a festo Sci Mich. Archang. ult. pterito durante vita sua, pcipiend' in et pro occupatione officiorum pdict' sumam xx et i lib. et xd. in recompensatione certarum puturarum, quas dicti officiarii nri temp, pgenitorum nrorum usitat. et consuct. fucrunt habere et percipere de diversis tenentibus et inhabitantibus nris infra comitatus p'dict. et forestam pro suorum feodis et vadiis, ultra x M. annuatim ab antiquo debit, et consuet. pro feod. diet. Mag r forester. Dat. sub sigillo Ducatus, apud London, 16 Feb. A. R. 2 do . [1485.] The beautiful river Hodder, famous for its uniber, rising near the Cross of Grete, and passing through the parish of Slaidburn, intersects the forest, and forms by its deep and fringed banks the only ornamental scenery of a tract otherwise bleak and barren. On one of these is the little Chapel of WHITE WELL/ together with an inn, the court-house of Bowland, and undoubtedly a very ancient resting-place for travellers journeying from Lancaster to Clitheroe or Whalley. The landscape here is charming. The Hodder, brawling at a great depth beneath the Chapel, washes the foot of a tall conical knoll, covered with oaks to its top, and is soon lost in overshadowing woods beneath But it is for the pencil, and not the pen, to do justice to this scene. On the opposite hill, and near the keeper's house, are the remains of a small encampment, which have been supposed to be Roman ; but they two foresters who Lad 40s. each. In Westmarshe in Cumberland the clerke and keeper of the forest received G6s. Sd. and two bowbearers had a fee of lOGs. Id. between them. The bowbearer of Bishopsdale and Coverdale had a fee of 40s., while the forester of Bishopsdale received 4/. 11s., and the forester of Coverdale 10.?. In Agilgarth dale was a bowbearer with a fee of 40s., and four foresters whose " fee amongst them " was 4Gs. Id. In Wensleydale the bow- bearer had 20s. " De Archeariis, qui portabunt arcum Regis, unus quisque vd. in die, et alii Archerii tantundem." Liber Niger Scaccarii (edit. Hearne), p. 359.] 1 " Up towards the hills by Grenehaugh (Castle) be three forests of redde deere, Wyresdale, Bouland, and Blesdale ; they be partly woody, partly hethye." Leland, vol. iii. p. 92. The last stags in Bowland were destroyed within the memory of the present keeper, a fine old forester of more than fourscore. [See passage in the text, p. 335].
349 ; with lists of the Parkers, pp. 356, 357.] * [Duchy of Lane. Class XI. No. 23, fol. 136 b.] 4 [See the List of Master Foresters hereafter, p. 355.] 5 [This appears to have formed part of an ancient manor house, under the title of " the manor of Whitewell," as remarked by Dr. Whitaker in his Third Edition, p. 527*. In the reign of Henry VI. its houses were repaired, at the costs detailed in the rolls of account printed hereafter. The kitchen of the manor was covered with slatestone brought from Marsden, but the chapel with thatch only : see p. 351.] 334 . HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK III. CHAP. IV. are too inconsiderable to justify any conjecture about them. At no great distance a cairn of stones was opened, and found to contain a sort of kistvaen, and a skeleton. It is singular that neither of these remains have been noticed by Rauthmell, a diligent and accurate investigator of the Roman antiquities of his own neighbourhood ; but, as he was minister of Whitewell, 1 he could scarcely be ignorant of this incampment, and may there- fore be presumed not to have thought it Roman. On an adjoining height was discovered a quarry and manufactory of querns, or port- able millstones ; of which, though probably introduced by the Roman soldiers into Britain, the use appears to have continued among us till after the Norman Conquest.
work within, appears to have been erected in the reign of Henry VII. 2 This is confirmed by the accounts of Whalley Abbey ; for, in the Computus of the fifteenth year of Abbot Paslew, or 1521, a charge is made by the bursars of xs. paid Capellano de WTiytewell ; and in that of the seventh year of Abbot Ilolden, or 1478, no mention is made of this pay- ment. 3 After the demolition of the chapel of St. Michael in the Castle, the remaining revenue of that chapel was settled upon Whitewell. 4 In this chapel on a marble monu- ment is this inscription : - 1 [' Richard Kautlimcll was born at Little Rowland, and baptized at Chipping, where he was also interred. He was educated at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of A.B. 1713, and was in 17 presented to the perpetual curacy of Whitewell, which he held to the time of his death. He is said to have been a lively and enter- taining man, which made his company always acceptable at Browsholme and at Barrow; and he well repaid the hospi- talitius of the latter place by a dedication (dated Bolland, March 24, 1738-9, to his patron Robert Fenwick, esq.) in which, though his style in general was rough and coarse, he touched some topics of adulation with a delicate and skilful hand." Dr. \Vhitaker, in his History of Eiclimondsliire, i. 2CG ; where full particulars will be found of Rauthmell's Antiquilates Brctactonacenses, a work on the Roman antiquities of Overborough, or Bremetonacce, already mentioned at p. 41 of the present volume.]
upon roads where there wore no churches, with the means of late and early devotion. To the same motive are to be ascribed the chapels formerly erected on the piers of bridges. "Prayers and provender hinder no journeys," said the devout and excellent Herbert, a maxim of which the former part is now entirely forgotten. [Whitewell Chapel, serving fur the township of Great Bolland in Yorkshire, in which county it stands, as well as for that of Little Bolland in Lancashire, has been already mentioned in p. CO by our Author, as " a little oratory of the humblest class, without cemetery or inclosure:" and it is stated in Bishop Gastrell's Notitia Cestriensis that it would not hold above 200 persons. " This chapel was rebuilt in the year 1817, and consecrated by Dr. George Henry Law, Bishop of Chester, July 10, 1818, on which occasion the sermon was preached by the author of this work. To this chapel belongs a very large and old chalice of beaten silver, which from a Memorandum at Whalley I find to have been delivered by Sir Ralph Asshetun, A.D. 1C94, as a legacy from Archbishop Tillotson. But it must even then have been of considerable antiquity." (MS. note by Dr. Whitaker.) The sermon, preached in troublous times, from the words " Sound an alarm," Joel ii. 1, was published by its author.]
Chapel in Clitheroe, and is given to Curate of Clitheroe for preaching here once a month." Robert Parker of Carlton in 1717 gave lands worth 400/. towards the augmentation of this chapel, which lands were in 1724 let for 19Z. per ann. He gave also house-rent in Clitheroe of 34s. per ann. and the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty granted 2001. in 1724. Value in 1834, 88/. Not. Cestr. edit. Raines, ii. 346. In 1650 there had been no minister here, nor provision for one: see the return in p. 219.] BOOK III. CHAP. IV.] BOWLAND. 335 To the memory of Mr. EDMUND BUTLER, younger son of Alexander Butler, of Kirkland, Esq., and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Parker of Browsholme, Esq., who being on a visit to Brows- holme, after a few days' illness, died the 27th of September 1757, in the 58th year of his age, and was at his own request buried in this chapel. His nephew Alex. Butler, Esq., as a testimony of his respect and friendship, and of that regard that his family must ever owe to his memory, hath erected this monument, in the year of our Lord 1767. Not far from Burholm Bridge are the vestiges of another and more ancient place of worship ; but I know not whether there is any tradition of the chapel of Brennand, men- tioned by Abbot Lyndley as only remembered by its site in the time of Edward III.
certain offences and disturbances committed within these forests. Rex, &c. Dilectis et fidelibus suis Waltero Urswic ar., Had. de Radcliffc, Rob. Urswic, Ad. Skillicorn, Rob. de Blakeburn, &c. Quia datum est nobis intelligi quod quidam malefactores ct pacis pcrturbatores liberas chaceas nostras do Bowland, Pendle, Rossendel, Trawden, et Tottington vi et armis intraverunt, &c. Ideo vobis mandamus per inquisitioncm factam transgressionum praedictarum auditis et terminatis, &c. &c. The following is an appointment, by the Trustees under the will of Henry V. [of the joint successors of] Sir John Stanley [in the offices of] Master Forester, &c. of [certain portions of] the Forests of Blackburnshire. It is taken from Dr. Guerdon's MS. and in some places almost illegible. Hen. Arch sl et feoffati, &c. Omnibus, &c. Sciatis quod cum Johannes Stanley miles, per literas patentes liab. officia capitalis Forestarii Forestarum dc Pennyl et Rosendale, et Tomerden (evidently a mistake for Trawden), in Blackburnshire, et Staurarii ct Senescalli ibidem, ac officium Sencscalli maneriorum de Totyngton, et Ratchdale, et Penwortham, quoad nobis placuerit : Nos ad iastanciam sercniss. principis et D m nostri Regis, nunc nobis fact, ac consider 6 boni et laudabilis servitii tarn prsefato nuper regi
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With respect to Bowland, one circumstance only remains to be told : viz. that in the year 1805 a fine herd of wild deer, ttie last vestige of feudal superiority in the domains of the Lacies, were destroyed. The loss, however, of these ancient ornaments of the forest has been in some measure compensated by the late improvements of the house and grounds at Browsholme, by the taste of the present owner. Of these improvements it is no small praise, in this age of experiment and innovation, to say, that while they have produced some splendid modern apartments, the shell of a venerable mansion has been left entire.
336 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK III. CHAP. IV. BROWSHOLME. On an elevated situation in the forest is the ancient house of Browsholme, for more than three centuries the residence of a family who derive hoth their name and arms from the office of Parker, or park-keeper. Browsholme is a large house of red stone, with a centre, two wings, and a small fa9ade in front, of that species which was peculiar to the Yüklə 4,81 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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