Contents of the fikst volume
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| De mensa Ric. Trygge capelli . xls.
De mensa Wil. Thornb. capell. . . xl*. s. d.
P. Stipite beate Marie l et Sci Henr'. apud Capellam . . .016 P. Sigistio 2 . . . 1 13 4 P. agistiamento estimale . . 140 P. agistiamento yemali . . 2 14 P. supexcr' offic' Subceller' . .727 P. supexcr'. offic' Cellar' . . 2 15 2 P. mensa Vicarii 3 . . 2 13 4 P. eodem pro pane et vino . .168 P. eodem pro ortis et vacc' . . 1 10 1 Here is a very curious fact; to account for which let it be observed that, in the Compotm of 1478, this article stands pro Stip. See. Marie, and in that of 1521, p. Stip. Sc. Mar. et Sci. Hen. ap. Capellam. How is this difference to be accounted for? 1st. These were offerings, in the former account at the high altar, which was then the altar of the Virgin Mary; but we have already seen that in Abbot Paslew's time a Lady Chapel was erected contiguous to the Abbey Church, so that our Lady in this interval had changed her lodgings, and was become St. Maria apud Capellam. So far all is clear ; but who is St. Henry, who had the high honour of being associated with the Virgin in her own chapel ? The name, as far as I know, is not to be found in the Homish calendar. On this subject, therefore, I can only hazard a conjecture, of which those who are -better skilled in the rituals of that Church than myself will judge for themselves. King Henry VI, as we have before observed, at the dissolution of the adjoining hermitage, converted that foundation into a chantry of two priests to sing for his good estate while living and for the soul of Henry Duke of Lancaster, the founder, and to celebrate his own obit yearly with 30 chaplains. I have also conjectured that this appointment, though it would be overlooked in the reigns of the line of York, would probably be remembered rind put in execution after the accession of Henry VII. Accordingly we find no mention of it in 1478, which is the 18th of Edw. IV.; but, at a period subsequent to the restoration of the Lancastrian house, here is actually a Stipes S'cti Ilenrici, whatever may be the meaning of the words. The only conjecture, therefore, which I can offer is this, that, though Henry VI. was never regularly canonized, yet the monks of Whalley, who were zealous partizans of his house, and probably also great admirers of his virtues, disappointed by the reserve or by the rapacity of Julius II. ventured upon an net of private and voluntary beatification, and erected a St. Henry for themselves. Were the name of Henry to be found in the canon, my conjecture of course would fall to the ground; but, as that is not the case, the pious and royal patron of Whalley has the fairest claim upon this hitherto unappropriated honour. Since the foregoing remarks were written I have the satisfaction of finding my conjecture established by the following proofs: Henry VI. was actually adored at Windsor by the name of Holy King Henry. (Stowe's Ann. p. 424.) There is also a prayer addressed to Henry VI. in the " Horo; B. V. M. in usum Sarum," printed by Wynkyn de Worde, A.D. 1502. See Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii. p. 235, [and the Trevelyan Papers (Camden Society), Part. I. p. 53, Part III. p. 2.] And this is now reduced to a certainty, for, in the Compotus of 1510, the article stands thus, Pro Stip. Reyis Hcnr. [as added by Dr. Whitaker in Third Edition, p. 552. The subject has been before introduced in p. 103].
roll, was a contraction of Sigillistcrio, as the sealings in colleges at present afford a considerable emolument to the senior fellows. But, as these must necessarily vary, according to the number of leases sealed, and the sum charged in these two distant years is exactly the same, I must leave the word to future inquiry and better information. 3 In the charge for the vicar's table, who appears to have lived a sort of fellow-commoner in the house, it is remarkable that the sum is diminished in the latter account. He probably sat at the monks' table, and the two chaplains, who possibly served the north and south altars in the parish-church, were in lower commons with the novices. 120
HISTORY OF WHALLEY.
[BOOK II. CHAP. II. De Tannaria ' iijZ. vjs. vlijd. De Pellibus bourn et vaccarum . . ivl. xiijs. De Corticibus arboruin . . . vjs. viijf/. De Amerciam. curie . . . xiijs. ivd. De terris R. Cundclyffe, vidz. Brodmede et Grenehey .... xls. De Duscroftes ? 2 . . . . xijs. De servitio ux. Rob. Wode . . vjs. viijd!. De ter. nob. dimiss. per Jac. Marshall . iij7. vijs. De mensa Ric. Caterall ... Is. De off. Bail. Wapent. 3 . . . xls. Sum. .
S. tot. Rec. . xxxix/. xixs. ijrf. DCxxxvij7. xjs. jd.
[This title, consisting principally of prescriptive pay- ments, is very nearly the same in both accounts, excepting a few verbal differences.] S. tot.
viij/. xv*. ob.
P. Tannaria 1 .... P. pellibus bovum et vaccu P. Corticibus arboruin P. Amerciamentis curie P. Orto Stabuli P. Ryddis vendit' apud Wyllaton * P. Nova Clausura apud Romesgreave . P. Terris Robti Cundclyf per forisfacc' s. d.
368 4 10 050 13 5 168 400 048 4
Sum. totatl recept'
34 11 9
EXPEN' DE FIRMIS EXTERIORIBDS. Dno Regi pro Edisforth . .030 Eidem pro Snodworth . .003 Eidem pro Standen . . .368 Eidem pro Baldwynhyll . .103 Eidem pro Whitworth . . 12 8 Eidem pro Mawnton . . .060 Eidem pro Brunley . . . 2 Dno do Eland . . . 14 1 Dno de Barton . . 11 Dno de Worsley . . 7 11 Heredibus Christopher' Holt . .030 Monialibus de Hampull . . 12 Monialibus Cestrie . . 10 Abbati de Cestrie . . .090 Castello de Liverpull pro Sectis et Wardis 11 Sum
8 7
1 De Tannaria. The later of these accounts, it must be recollected, was before the statute 21 Henry VIII. [1529] which forbad priests, whether secular or regular, to engage in such base employments. Of these monkish tanneries it is observed by the witty Dr. Fuller that, " though the monks themselves were too fine-nosed to dabble in tan-fatts, yet they kept others (bred in that trade) to follow their work. These covents having barke of their own woods, hides of the cattle of their own breeding and killing, and, which was the main, a large stock of money to buy at the best hand, and to allow such chapmen they sold to a long day of payment, easily eat out such who were bred up in that vocation." Church History: History of Abbeys, p. 282. 2 What place is meant by Duscroftes I know not, but it is pretty evidently the reading in the original roll. ' This was their share of the profit arising from the bailiwick of Blackburnshire, of which they held one fourth part; the Townleys of Townley two, one for Townley and another for De la Leigh ; and the Banastres of Altham the fourth. 4 Rydds. The word may possibly mean riddings or refuse wood grubbed up in ridding or clearing an estate. 8 On the whole it appears from the former account that the expenses of the house considerably exceeded their BOOK II. CHAP. II.] THE ABBEY. 121
IN DON1S. 1
Quat. ord. fratrum Ministrallis Thomse Dno Stanley ' Jacobo Harynton Mil. Job. Savage Mil. . Tho. Pylkynton Mil. Robt. Sherborne, jun. Robt. Sherborne, sen. John Talbot Hug. Radcliffe Robt. Ambrose Wm. Ambrose Tristram Legh Henrico Worsley . Duobus Grenerosis . Petro Smyth
Filial W. Heton . Filice R. Holand . Thomas Leds IN DONIS. 1 ivs. Quatuor ordinibus frm xxxvjs. vijd. Ministrallis 1 . vj/. xiijs. ivd. Dno de Mowntegylle ] xls. Mro Meniey . . xiijs. ivd. Hugoni Shereburne armig' xlvs. Johanni Talbott armig' xxs. Mro Snede vjs. viijd. Mro Rokesbe . xxs. Thome Strawe . xiijs. ivd. Mro Feirfax . . xiijs. ivd. Willielmo Brother . xiijs. ivd. Math. Standysh . . . xiijs. ivd. Thome Grymysdych . xiijs. Laur' Starke . ij.9. Alexandra Ryshton xijV/. Ursariis l viijd. Fannilo Epi Sodor' . ijs. ivd. Famulo Dni Regis ijd. Quibusdam ffibus cum aliis vjd. Wittmo Shyreburn cum aliis . a. d.
040 240 200
2 13 4 100
100 100
13 4 6 8
100 040
13 4 068
10 034
10 020
068 034
044 income, in the latter the reverse ; and the reason is obvious, that, with an increase, chiefly in the spiritualities, to the amount of nearly one third of their annual receipts, the price of die necessaries of life, in some instances at least, appears to have diminished. But of this more hereafter. 1 Of the three articles which stand at the head of this title, DC Donis, it would, perhaps, be harsh to observe, that the smallest is for charity, the next for pleasure, and the largest for ambition. The four orders of begging friars have a small and stated contribution of 4s. ; the minstrels from II. ICs. 7il. to 21. 4s.; and the Lord Stanley 6/. 13s. 4(7. From the amount of the sum paid to the minstrels, more considerable than to the organist of the church, and larger, by nearly one half, than the Earl of Northumberland paid to his " minstraills that be daily in his household " (Northumber- land Household Book), it should seem that they were a part of the regular establishment of the Abbey ; that these fathers could relish the heroic romance or the. pastoral ballad, and that the refectory of Whalley often resounded with the rude but affecting minstrelsy of the times. Yet these men were bitterly inveighed against by the severer orders; and it was even an established rule in some monasteries, that no minstrel should ever enter their gates. Dr. Percy's Essay on the Minstrels, Notes, xliii. With respect to the pensions paid to the Lords Stanley and Monteagle, it might be prudent, in times of difficulty and danger, to secure the interest of a great man at Court, even at a high rate; but these were days of perfect tran- quillity; and for what service performed, or expected, or from what consideration but mere complaisance, the inferior gentry of the country were thus pensioned, it is not easy to conceive. On the whole, there appears some ground for Piers Plowman's complaint against the religious houses :
an& rlrrftrs atrti ftngjfjtes atul roimmnirrs IJat tie rscfie. Fol. Ixxxii. Utp,f)t BO pe rgrfie, se robe (not robte) tflat ben rsrfie, xlnit f)rl)))_>tf) tfirm jj' firlprt!) roue, an!) ijrbrlfi tfir 1 ' no urtr is. Ursariis 10s. Another symptom of the progressive decay of discipline is the article before us, which proves that an amusement more boisterous and less elegant than the former was encouraged by the monks in the later period. VOL. I. E,
122
HISTOKY OF WHALLEY.
[BOOK II. CHAP. II. Famulis Abbat. cle Cumbermere l . Bob. Boiling ... Kad. Walmsley . . . Here the parchment is decayed. Ric. Herys medico equorum . Famulo Rectoris de Halsall l Famulo abb. do Kirkstnll l . . R. Boiling Legisperito . . Ballivo Dni Regis . Famulo Dni do Balderston . Jac. Lawc .
Peregrinantibua Jcrtam 3 . Official! Dni Arch. Cost. . Registro ejusdem . . . . Summon! tori ejusdem Doctori Dublinie . . . . Monacho do Waverley Suffraganeo Cestriiu Radulpho Coke Heremita? . Duob. fratrib. de Preston . Joh. Lawc Legisperit. Heli;c Worsley 3 . Cuidam Capellano pretend, jus ad domum nostrum gra. till. 7 Coco Tlio. Dni Stanley Famulo ejusdem . . . .
Jac. Cowpe Cap. . . . . Sm. . xxd.
viijrf.
xvj<7.
vjs.
ijs.
viijt/.
xxc/. xxxvj viijV. xxc?. xijcZ. Famulo Regis per vices Doctori de Lancastr' 2 Rofeto Swannesey Monacho de Tinterne cum aliis Hug. Chernok . Hen. Felden . Chancellar' Lancastr' Chancellar Ep'i Mfo Martyn . MfoClyff Famulo eorundem Monachis cle Wallia Monachis do Fontibus . Cuidam presbytero cum cetero Will'mo Waller, cum aliis QtuBstoribus . Pauperibus per annum Forestariis 4 Baillivo de Wirall Will'mo Whythove . Offic' Cestrie . Registro ejusdem Summonitori ejusdem . Ric'o Bankc . Capellano apud Wytwell G Sum".
s. d.
070 034 068
2 1 034
068 034
068 020
020 018
020 034
200 1 10 01
01 10 034
004 068
10 8
23 19 4 1 A constant intercourse appears to have been kept up between tlie two houses of Curabermere and Whalley, the latter of which had sent three abbots to the former. The abbot of Cumbermere, it seems, travelled with two servants, and his brother of Kirkstall with one only. The vails paid to the servants of an abbot were ten pence, to those of a secular clergyman eight pence, and to those of a lay gentleman four pence : a true scale of the estimation in which they were severally held. 2 A physician's fee from Lancaster, at least 27 miles, was three shillings and four pence. 3 Peregrinantibus Jerusalem, vide supra. * Perhaps the abbot had a general warrant for venison out of the forests from the Crown. It is not said Forestario de Bowland, but Forestariis, which amounts nearly to a proof that the deer of the other chases were not destroyed in 1521. 8 The name of the second abbot. This shows how long a Christian name which has once been borne by a distinguished personage is generally kept in families. 6 Capellano apud Whytewell. As this article is not found in the former computus it amounts nearly to a proof that this chapel was founded in the interval between the dates of the two. 7 It appears that the monks were accustomed to grant titles for holy orders to young men not professed, but who, BOOK II. CHAP. II] THE ABBEY. 123
Thus the bounty of the house diminished as its resources increased : a very natural and frequent process. IN ITERANTIBUS. . vijs. ixd. ijs.
. iij.s. ivd. . xxxvj.s.
ivs. \jd. xvjJ.
Georgio
Robto Shotyhvorth et al. usque Horneby
Nic. Forest usque Stanlaw . Abbati usque Blackborne . Eidem usque Forestam . Nico Chatburne usque Preston Rico Clyfton usque Staynings Rob. Hyndley usque Holowaye Nic. Chatburne usque Ebor. bis It. eidem usque Tutbury .
IN ITINEIIANTIBUS. Domino Afebi versus Borough Eidem versus Boltoii . Eidem versus Dorham Eidem versus Cambermer' et Stanlawe Eidem versus Rypoii . Christophcro Smyth versus Acton Eidem versus Chester . Laurentio Forest versus Lancastr' bis . Eidem per vices Lionell Full vers. London ter . Eidem per vices Rico Crombok versus Hull Eidem versus Oxforth per vices Eidem per vices Petro Deyn versus Manchester' xvj<7.
vs.
xx.s. 8.
d.
10
5 10 1 13 4 12 1 6 12 4 7 8 10 1 1 13 2 receiving trifling pensions, were considered as dependents and beneficiaries of the house. In a very exact account of the Chadwicks of Heley drawn up by the late John Chadwick, Esq. I find an example of this practice, for by letters testimonial bearing date Nov. 20th, 1523, the abbot and convent of Whalley commended their beloved in Christ, James Chadwick (who does not seem to have been a monk) to Geoffry Bishop of Lichfield to be received into the order of priesthood. MS. penes Joh. Chadwick, Arm. 1 I suppose the abbot to have attended the obit of one of the Sherburnes at Mitton, or more probably at the Grey Friars in Preston, for " there lay," saith Leland, "divers of the Shirburns gentilmen." Lei. Itinerary, iv. 21, f. 38. 2 They had been entrusted with the care of George Stanley [eldest] son of the [second] Lord Stanley, then a boy, [he was summoned to Parliament 15th Nov. 1482, jure uxoris. Nicolas, Syii. of the Peerage.'] and had sent a servant with him to Lancaster. Qu. Whether this young nobleman received a part of his education at Whalley ?
distances they might have to travel. 4 Eichard Townley of Townley, Esq. Probably to procure a dispensation or on some business with the ecclesiastical court. 124
HISTORY OF WHALLEY.
[BOOK II. CHAP. II. Bob. Hyndley usque Holeway vjrf. M'ocho nro usque Ord . xxviijs. viijrf. Dno. Abbati usque Stanlaw- ivl. xs. ijd. Eid. per vices usque Wiswall . . iijs. ivd. Christopher Cowpere per vie. usque Preston xvjd. Laur. Radcliffe usque Clyderhow . . viijW. Nic. Thorniber usque Fylde . xije/. Wm. Strynger usque Bradford . xijrf. Nic. Forest de Stanl. usque Whall. . . iijs. ijd. Joli. Kypas et Wm. Henthorne usque Latham . . iijs- ijd- Rob. Hyndlay usque Brunley . iijd. Thoime ..... xij(Z. S.
I. vijs. vjf/.
Sum
. 21 1 4
From this table we shall he enahled to draw some conclusions with respect to the comparative hahits of the two abhots Holdeii and Paslew, by no means to the advantage of the latter. In the year before us Holden made only one journey, and that on the neces- sary business of the house, to Stanlaw ; for the short excursions to Bowland, Blackburn, Wiswall, &c. were only morning rides. But Paslew was perpetually abroad, at Borough (qu. Brough, in Westmerland ?), at Bolton, at Durham (spelt Dorham, the genuine dialect of TVhalley), at Cumbermere, Stanlaw, and B-ipon. His bounty was considerably less, but his personal expenses were double those of his predecessor. His monks also were more confined. Travelling was, to these prisoners for life, the greatest of all indulgences ; yet only five monks were permitted to make any excursions in 1521 : in 1478 there were 31 ; whether it were that at the former period there was more business or greater lenity. The sums allowed for travelling would amount to about 1*. per day. The abbot may be conjectured to have travelled, on an average, with four servants. The prior, Christopher Smith, appears to have been attended by one, and the ordinary monks to have journeyed alone, but all on horseback. IX VARIIS EXPEN.
IN VAE1IS EXPEN. Dno abbati pro habitu 1 Conventui pro habitu 2 Provisori Conventus 3 vl.
xxxixJ. xliW. xijs. iijZ. Dno Arjfei pro habitu > Conventui pro habitu * Provisori Conventus 3 . s. d.
500 47 71 16
1 The ordinary habit of a Cistertian abbot was the canonical gown and scapulary of white cloth, but probably of much finer materials than that of the monks. 2 If we allow forty shillings for the habit of each monk, the number will in one instance a little exceed, and in the other fall short, of twenty. 3 Every necessary of housekeeping seems to be included in other articles. I do not, therefore, understand what was the nature of this heavy charge. BOOK II. CHAP. II.]
THE ABBEY. 125
Pro vino rubr. 1 . . Pro vino dulci . Pro vino per vices Pro cera Pro filo albo Pro filo nigro Pro pan. lin. et canna Pro panno lanse Clericis in Ccena Domini . Pauperibus in Crcna Domini Pro sclatston Pro clavis equorum Pro resina Pro ferro Hispanico Pro ferro Anglicano Pro stanno Pro terebris Pro Sharj. . Pro secur. et astris . Pro panno profess. 4 Pro panno imp. profess. 4 Eisclem pro scapular, et tunicis Pro sect, in cur. Christian. Pro sect, apud Lane. Pro mere, curia; de Gysborne Pro pore. empt. ad Staurum Pro sport. . Pro equo empt. Pro equo empt. Pro equo empt. scholar! Pro equo empt. xxixZ. ivs. iijd. Ixiijs. ivc?. xxxviijs. vijd. xxxvijs. ivd. . viijs. ivd. . ivs. xjd. iijl. xviijfZ. '. xls. ijd. vs. ixs.
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