Contents of the fikst volume

ii>. vjf/.
xxjc/.
Iviij.s.
xlixs. xd.
Is.

. xiijs. ixcf.

. ivs. jd.

xxxiij.s. ivd.
xx..
. xxs.
VJf!.

Pro vino l

Pro vino dulci
Pro Butiro et caseo
Pro robis servienc' 3 .
Pro plumbo viz ii. p .
Pro Bobus empt' ad Grang'
Pro aialibus empt' ad Stauru
Famulis Afebis 3
Pro cera rubea
Pro cera Sacriste
Pro Empcoe et mutac' vas.
Pro Filo albo .
Pro Filo nigro
Pro Panno lin'
Pro Panno Ian'
Pro Oleo ad ecdiam .
Pro Curacoe eqitorum.
Pro Capistris frenum et furn
Pro Clavis equorum .
Pro Ferro Hispanico
Pro Clavis duplicibus
Pro Clavis singulis
Pro Stoncbrode 5
Pro Strebrocle 5
Pro Pice
Pro Sclaytstonys
Pro Smigmate 6
Pro Cera Afebi
Pro Sectis captis apud Lane'
Pro vomeribus
Pro singulis equorum

s. d.

33 15 8
900

25 9

17 12

G 13 4

3 10

6 13 4

12

010

300

1 15

068

030

1 G 8

500

110

050

6

2
15

G G 8
1

10

090

020

018
10

060

070
1 2

030

1 8

1 In 1504, a mean term between these two periods, red wine was sold at the rate of M. per dol. or pipe of 12G

gallons ; so that the mean consumption of the abbey was about eight pipes per annum, besides white wine. See Fleet-

wood's Chron. Pret. p. 92.

2 Suppose five shillings per ami. to clothe a servant, and this charge will infer 70 persons of that order about the

abbey. Vide Fleetwood, p. 130.

3 In 1514, the ordinary wages of a common servant of husbandry were IGs. Sd , and of a maid servant, 10s.

Fleetwood, ubi supra. Suppose an equal number of each sex, and the abbot had about twenty upon his own private

establishment.
4 The monks, besides novices, seem to have been divided into two classes, the professi and nvper professi. Their

clothing was before accounted for; so that this extra charge for cloth, besides scapularies and waistcoats, is not very

intelligible.
5 I can offer no conjecture as to the meaning of these words.
c Smigma appears to have been a kind of soap used in washing floors. Bp. Kennet, Gloss. Par. Ant. in voce.

[" Smigma est quoddam unguentum vel confectio unguenti; vel saporis, vel aliquarum aliarum rerum boni odoris."

Joh. de Jonna, quoted by Du Cange ]

126

HISTORY OF WHALLEY.

[BOOK II. CHAP. II.

Pro eqno empt.

Pro cquo empt.
Cnidam medico
Itm. pro medico circa
Medico equor.
Pro Osmundes
Pro Repar. ap. Downham .
Pro Repar. Mol. de Actx>n .
Pro Rep. ap. Holoway
Pro Rep. Ponend l de Terfyn
Pro Rep. ap. Staynings
Pro Rep. Cancelli de Raclidall
Pro Rep. ap. Brunley
Pro repar. librorum
Pro ferram cquor. .
Pro Grata ferri 2 .
Pro papyro, viz. Reme
Pro sotular. pauperum 3
Pro cclla empta
Pro Repar. Cellar. .
Pro concordia facta, &c.
Scolar. pro rat a 4 .
Eid. :td ace. Grad. baccal 4
Arcli. Ebor. in part, subsicl.
Procurat. Cler.
Pro Wayncloth
Pro Smygmate
Pro oleo ad ecctani
Tho. Sellar pro Deb. Otwel Whithede
Ric. Newton p. cod.

XV) S.
xiijs. ivd.

. iijs. ivd.
xxixs. vjd.
viijd.
xjd.
xxixs. ivd.
. ijs. ivd.
vs. ijd.
. iijs. ivd.
xxd.
. ijs. ivd.
viijs.
viijs.
ijs.
ijs.
vjs.
vs.
. xjs. vjd.
. iijs. ivd.
vl.
xxs.
xxiijs. ivd.

. xiijs. ijd.

. iijs. ivd.

. ijs. ixc?.

xxixs. ijd.

. iijs. ivd.

xijd.

Pro Sellis et hm'

Pro Calebe
Pro pergameno
Pro papiro
Pro Bitumine .
Pro Calce . .
Pro Resina
Pro Canabo .
Pro Sectis captis ap a London .
Pro Capellano Castri .
Pro Contribucoibus studii
Pro Colleccone earundem
Pro Cariccoe focalium
Pro cariacoe lapidum .
Pro Messione .
Pro Cariacoe focalium Conventui
Clericis in Cena domini
Pauperibus in Cena dni
Pro Sotularibus eorundm 3
Pro Ciphis lign'
Collectori dni Pape
Sutrici
Magistro Operum
Custodi Orologij 5
Custodi de Chymys 5 .
Monacho Cellar' pro Caddei .
Pro collecoe Firme de Clyderhow
Pro collecoe Firme de Rachedall
Pro collecoe Firme de Eccles .
Pro collecoe Firme de Byllyngton

s. d.

16 4
030

068

1

01

8

120

4
12

334

400

200

030

10

4 10 10

2 10

10 4

5

7

080

007

7

2

034

034

034

020

068

068

034

034

1 Ponendum I take take to be a pound.

2 Grates and chimneys were beginning to be introduced about a century before this time.
flotoe jatf) rcfic rj>rf)e a rule to eaten bjj Intnselfe,
In a pvibie parler for paove men safte,
r in tjjamire tottt a cftimnrs, antr Icbe y cfiicf flalle.
Piers Plowman, fol. xliii.
' The shoemaker of the poor. It is pleasing to find that the monks employed a person specifically for this benevo-

lent purpose. The word was formed from sitbtalan's, and yet exists in the Scottish Sowter. It must be observed that

there is no charge for leather, because their own tanneries supplied it.
4 A scholar was constantly maintained at the expense of the house in one of the universities, whose annual exhi-

bition we see was 51.; twenty shillings ad ace. grad. bacc. can only have been in part ; the real charge, I believe, ap-

pears in the next column, viz. 9Z. 6s. 8d. Bishop Fleetwood was not accurate in saying that degrees might be taken

260 years ago at five times less charge than in his own time. Chron. Pret. p. 10.

5 An abbey orologe was proverbial in the time of Chaucer ; but we have here also an instance of the antiquity of

chimes.

BOOK II. CHAP. II. J

THE ABBEY.

127

Pro Moss ..... vijs. ixd.

Pro sotular. .... vjs. vd.

Pro iv or . supellec. ad Hospitium . . xs.

Pro Rep. Organor. viz. pro Tynne 3 . xxxZ. xs.
Pro Wyre, viz. . . . ij7. ivd.
Pro Marcour .... ixd.
Pro Tinglas .... ivd.
Pro Glutino .... ixd.
Pro Wainscot .... ivs. vjd.

Job. Organists pro labor, suo . xxxvjs. viij<7.

Pro focal, empt. .... ij.?.
Pro eod. ad R. Sherburne . . . xvs.
Pro Terricid. 3

Pro Cepo etflot 3 .

Pro Materia encausti

Pro Politridiis 4

Pro butyro et cas. .

Pro Messione

Pro Introduc. garb. dec" 1 . .

Pro caric. focal, et oner. . . xxxxvs. ivc/.

Pro car. pis. ac vol. ad Stagna 5 . . xxxvs.
Pro rob. servient. .... xv/.
Famul. abbatis . . x/. xj.s. ivd.
In Decimas Wapontag. . . . xl..
Pro concord, fact. cum. J. Haydock . xvj..
Pro Cilicio ad vestim. 7 . . . xvj*.
Capellano Castri .... iv7.

xijd.

ixd.
xxiv/. xiijs. vij(/. ob.

xls.

Pro introducoo Garbarum
Pro materiis incausti l
In decasis firme de Clyderhow
In decasis de Harrowode buks pro con-
ventu ....

In Decas. de Newfeld et Grenefeld in

propriis manibus .

Scholar! pro Rat'

Pro Reparacoe Terebrorum .

Conventui pro termino Sci. Jo. Bapt' .

Rad. Wolton pro custodio Wostwode
et Weteley
Pro tertio monacho apud Stanlaw

Carbonibus marinis Pro sportis ct h' .

Pro Carbonibus marinis

Reparacoe pont' apud Stanlaw

Pro Apro ....

Pro Empcoe vas' conventui .

Pro Organis et Reparac'

Pro Bremys vivis pro paludibus 5

Scliolari pro gradu Bacalat' .

Pro Cortinis tapetis ct sin'

Pro Reparcoe apud Woldeu .

Pro duobus Nowcliis ct vitro pro Altar' 6

Hour' Cokslioth pro fact' Domus ap.
Padylmm
Pro coloribus pictori "

Pro vitracoc ....

Pro monacho Furncsis :l

s. d.

200
1 4

080
208

200
500
018
11 G 8
(5 8
1

090

000

(5

fi 8

19

6 13 4

10

9 G 8
1G
1 10

1 3
220

12

10

4 13 4

1 These appear to have been colours used in staining glass; if so, this operation was carried on within the abbey:

but qu. ?
2 In Abbot Holden's time here was an organ and regular organist, of the latter of which we find no mention in

the latter computus. The organ-pipes seem to have been of tin.

3 Terricidium is turf, and flot the superficial flah. Cepum, I believe to be chips. No mention of pit-coal, which

appears in the latter account, though without a charge. Vide Padiham.

4 Politridiis, probably something used in polishing, as emery, &c.
5 Piscium ac volatilium ad stagnum. Bremys ad paludes. These were store fish and water-fowl lor the ponds, of

which there are considerable remains about the abbey.

6 Nowches, I believe, are cruets ; but tya.. ? [A jewel ; a necklace : oftener spelt ouche. Halliwell.]
7 Hair cloth, to be worn next to the skin, for mortification. There is no charge for this article in the latter ac-

count. Sixteen shillings were equivalent at least to 81. at present.

8 These were colours for the limner or illuminator of missals ; an art in which, so far as related to colouring, the

monks had certainly attained to great excellence. But the drawing, indeed all the drawing of the times, was hard and

unnatural. 9 What was the occasion of so large a payment to a monk of Furness, I do not understand.

128
Ballivo de Byllington

Jac. Garsyde pro coll. de Rach.
Alex. Holt pro cust. Silvae Ibm.
Gust, orolog. . .
Mag. oper. .
Monach. cellar, pro cand. .
Pro bob. empt. ad Grang. .
Pro duobus pannis de Draper

HISTORY OF WHALLEY.

xiijs. ivd.

xxd.
. iijs. ivd.
. iijs. ivd.
ijs.
. vijl. ijs.

. xiijs. ivd.

[BOOK II. CHAP. II.

s. d.

Pro tcrt. monach. ap. Stanlaw 1

S.

. xvjs. ivd.

. cclxvij'?.

Sum

341 8 3

Pro vino

Pro car. sal.
Pro car. frut. cxtr. patr.
Pro car. bras. ord. ext. pat.
Pro car. de Craven
Item de Fylde
Item
Pro car. providen. domus .
S.

IN DIVER. CAR. IN DIVERSIS CARIAG*.

vl. Pro Fru to . extra patriam

xxvj.s. ijd. Pro ordeo bras, extra patriam .

. xvijV. ijd. Pro providenc' domus

xijL xixs. ijd. Pro vino

. xjs. xjV. Pro sale, viz. xxvj Karrok 2 .

. iijs. ivd.

. viijs. ivd.

vl. xijs. ix<7.

xlij7. xvijs. ixc/. ob.

s. d.

15
868

408

5 10

216

Sum

34 18 10

IN EMPT. GRANI.

Pro frum. empt. extr. patriam, viz.
clxxxiv q . j b . ij"'. . . Ixxxv?. viijs. xd.
Pro bras. ord. empt. extr. patriam, viz.
clxxiv q . iij' 1 . . . . lixZ. xvjs.
Pro ord. empt. de B. R. et H. . iijl. ivs. iijd.

It. . . . . . xxxvijs. viij<7.

Pro avenis empt. de B. R. et H. . vjl. ijs.
It. prsed. . . . . iijl. ijs. ixd.
Pise, empt .... xijs.
Famulis grang. . . . xivl. xxd.

IN EMPCOE GRANI.

S. d.
Pro fru to . extra patriam, viz. viij**.
xiiij qrt. iij li. . . . 77 15 3
Pro fru to . infra patriam, iiij qrt. vj li. . 768

Pro ord' Bras, extra patriam, viz. v xx .

vijqrt. di. . . 54 18 10
Pro ordeo braseato infra patriain, viz.
xxixqt. di. iij li . . . 24 12 4
Pro Aven' Bras, infra patriam,
iv qrt. ij li. . . .124
Pro Pise, cum cariacoe 18

1 A monk still continued to reside at Stanlaw ; but why he is called the third monk I have yet to learn.

2 Karrok, a cart or wain. Vide Spelmanni Gloss, in voc. Carrocium.

BOOK II. CHAP. II.]

THE ABBEY.

129

Pro frnm. empt. infra Craven, xvij q. di. j Ib. Granatori super.
vj7. xviij. ivd. ob. Famulis grang'
In cervisiis pro Abbate

Pro pane empt' apud Wakefeld cum

carne ....

Pro sectis in curia Cliristianitatis

s. d.

040
14 1 8

500
070

034

443

S.

Pro ordio infra patriam vij qrt' dim. vj li

clxxxvijZ. vijs. jd. ob. Sumfh . . . 190 13 8

Under this head, in which by-the-bye are several articles strangely misplaced, it may

he observed, that the quantity and the price of wheat consumed were very nearly the same

in hoth years ; viz. 184 quarters in the first and 187 in the second ; the price per quarter

nine shillings, more or less. This statement contradicts Stowe's account, who asserts that,

in this very year 1521, the price of wheat was 20*. per quarter, and it was always clearer in

Lancashire than in the London market.
In the article of malt a considerable reduction appears to have been made, as in 1478

the consumption was 174 quarters, and in 1521 only 147 ; but in the latter is an item of

five pounds " in cervisiis pro abbate." But a great advance had been made in the price, the

former averaging somewhat more than six shillings per quarter, the latter nearly ten. It

was probably this dearth which put them upon the awkward expedient of malting oats.
It is remarkable that the wages paid to the servants of the grange, at an interval of

forty-two years, are the same to a farthing.

IN COQU1NA ABB.

In carne bov. ct vac.

In car. ovum
In car. vit.
In car. pore.
In car. porcel.
In car. edul. agr. ct vol. 1
In pise, rec. 3
Wil mo . Andrew et Jake 2
S.

IX COQUINA ABB'IS.

II. i\~s. \jJ. I:i carnibus bovuui et vaccarum
r.d. x*. In carnibus ovum
vj/. ix.<;. ijV. Li carnibus vitulorum
xlviij*. vijV. In carnibus porcorum .
. xxx. X(7. In carnibus porcellorum
xxx\>\ viijW. In carnibus agnorum .
xxiij/. xvij. iijV. In carnibus edum et volat'
xxxiij\. ivd. In piscibus Eecent' " .
Piscatoribus pro Merccdc 2

. s. d.

7-2 19

IxxxxvijZ. iijs. ixd.

Sum

15

8
8

5

1

10

16

17
1

10

6

39

17

o

O

o

O

143

18

11

1 That is, game and water-fowl.
2 The corresponding article, in the latter Compotus, proves these to have been the fishermen of the abbey. Modern

Catholics acknowledge that the long season of Lent requires all attainable varieties of this innutricious and quickly

disgusting species of food ; and the monks were fully aware of this inconvenience, and amply provided to alleviate it ;

for they had (vide infra) stock-fish, herrings red and white, salmon, and salted eels in store. The sea afforded various

species of fresh fish in vast quantities ; their ponds supplied them with bream ; the Kibble with excellent salmon and

trout ; and the Hodder with its own delicious umber. What baskets of the three last must Will. Andrew and Jake

VOL. I. S

130

HISTORY OF WHALLEY.

[BOOK II. CHAP. II.

These accounts, and especially the latter, imply an enormous establishment ; for, in

the year 1533, we are told by Stowe, the faithful chronologist of English economy, that a

fat ox sold for xxvj s. viij d., a fat wether for iij s. ivd., a fat calf for the same, and a fat

lamb for xij d. But if we multiply the sum total of the latter Compotus by 10, which is

less than Stowe's account would allow, here is an annual sum equivalent to 1,400/. of

modern money expended upon animal food alone in the abbot's private household. Now,

in a well-ordered family, when shambles meat sells for 4

supply ten persons. But, in the sixteenth century, animal food formed a much larger pro-

portion of the necessaries of life than at present. "We will therefore suppose six persons to

have been sustained upon this proportion of meat ; but 1400 divided by 52 leaves 27 and a

fraction : 27 times 6, or 102 persons therefore must have been constantly fed at the abbot's

table.
Every conclusion that can be drawn from these comparative statements is unfavour-

able to the character of Paslew. lie was an economist indeed, but not at the expense of

his own comforts ; for, though the income of his house was much improved, the expenses of

the church-service were abridged, the stated allowances of charity were not increased, the

general consumption of the house retrenched, the instruments of luxury more amply

rewarded, and the cost of his own private establishment greatly augmented. See also the

title DC Itiner.

IN PROVIDED. D3IS.

In alec. rub. mcl. scchc ' )
In aloe. rub. vil. scctfe )
In aloe. alb.
Pro pise. clur. .
Pro pise, salsis
Pro anguillis sals. viz. barclt.
Pro ol. oliv.
Pro llac do Goran.
Pro Amygdal.
Pro Ficubns ct raccmis
ProPipcre 2

IN PROVIDEKCIA DOMUS.

S, d.
Iii Alice' Rub mclior' sect' J }
ivf.xvijs.m7. T AH t T> at ! i u I o ly

In Alice KUD vilior sect

xviij.v. viij\l. In piscibns dun's . . . 3 12
vjV. ij.s. \\il. In pise, salsis . . . . 11 10
xivs. In Sulmonibus salsis . . . 1 1(5
. vij*. \'yl. In anguillis salsis . . . 0114
ixxi Pro Sale, viz. xxvi karrokes . . 538
vij.x. Pro Ficubus et llacemis . . 080
vij.. Pro Amigdalis . . .068
. x\\. vijV. Pro llacemis de Goran' . . 054

have brought in ! Will. Andrew is, I believe, the Christian and surname of the same person ; for I find that, in the

beginning of Abbot Paslew's time, there was a dispute between him and John Talbot, of Salesbury, for the latter as-

saulting Will. Andrew and Kob. Dobson on High Pikestone Edge, in the way from Whalley Abbey to Preston, and

taking from them a parcel of fish. This was principally intended to decide the right of a road over that ground, which

was determined by award in favour of the Abbey. Townl. MSS.

1 In the year 1495 white herrings were sold for 3s. 4d. per barrel. Fleetw. Chron. Fret. But, if we average the

red and white at 5s. per barrel, here was, in the former year, a consumption of 23 barrels, and in the latter of 45. The

use of stock-fish appears to have diminished greatly at the latter period, and to have been replaced partly by salt-fish

not dried and partly by herrings. Eels salted and barrelled must have been a rancid and abominable food. Surely th&

stomachs of many monks must have been affected by the very smell of fish, like that of Erasmus.
! This increase in the consumption of pepper proves that the use of pastry and other seasoned cookery prevailed

much more in 1521 than forty years before.

BOOK II. CHAP. II]

THE ABBEY.

131

Pro Croco .
Pro Zinziber
Pro Zinziber vir. .
Pro Sawnders '
Pro avellan. et licor.
Pro libis et rice
Pro Turnsole alkanet et pynde
Pro Sucaro inrolat. et al. spebus 2
Pro Sale, viz. xxi karroks et dim.

. vjs. \jd.

Pro pi

vjs. viijW.

Pro C

Jj- vijrf.

Pro Z:

. xviijrf.

Pro A

xivd.

Pro li!

xxijYZ.

ProN

viijd.

Pro di

xivrf.

Pro Si

xlivs. ixd.

Pro su

Pro Ti

Pro g

Pro lie

Pro R

Pro 01

Pro Zi

Pro Sn

Pro Di

Pro O T

Pro St

s.
In Fabrica eccl.

S. tot. exp.
Superexcr. exp.
Sum. rest, de anno pterit.

xxiijV. ij.s. iijV.

. xs. xivrf.
Dclxxxv/. ivs. vixlviii/. xiij.s. vCCCClxviijZ. xvijs. ijcZ.

pipere

Croco

Zinzibero .

Avellanis

libis et thiriaca

Nutmukis

diversis Spebus .

Succarcandc

succor.
Turnsoll Alkanet tinsot et at

gariofolis et Maces

licores ct Sinamomo

Rices

Olco Olive

Zinzibero virido .

Sawndei's

Dactilis .

"ranis paradisi

:ui-o-'
Snmm
In Mercedibus Curie .

In Fabricn ccclcsio

Sufna total' oxpenc

Sum Recopt' super cxpcn

s. (I

420
I 16

026

010

068

010

006

1

090

1

100

040

1

18 5

4

5

1

10

10 8
44 15 7

784

23

83!) 11 ,H

68 11 3i

We have now traced from authentic documents the internal arrangements and economy

of this establishment, which appears to have consisted of the lord abbot, the prior, about

20 monks, divided into the professi and mi/per professi, besides an uncertain number of

novices, 20 servants belonging to the abbot, and 70 3 in the general service of the house:

in all probably 120 persons. But besides these the demesnes and revenues of the abbey

had to sustain a daily though uncertain and irresistible influx of guests in every rank, from

the sovereign to the beggar, whose stay, if it exceeded not three days, was never considered

as oppressive. This boundless hospitality however, though eminently useful in some
1 Sawnders or Sanders is the Indian spicewood; it has a bitter taste and aromatic smell, and was probably used

in cookery.

2 This is a curious fact, as it proves that sugar was in use amongst us before the discovery of America ; but the

history of this great ingredient in modern luxury is far from being well ascertained. The sugar-cane, however, appears

from " Pancirollus de Rebus inventis," tit. 5, to have been grown in Sicily, and sugar to have been manufactured at Venice,