78
Apart from sharing the same religion, the federating units of Pakistan did not and
still do not share culture, language or traditions.
314
Besides independence from the
British Empire, these three groups of India wanted a separate Muslim country free
from India. These three groups comprised the majority Muslim population. Pakistan
is at an advantage here since religion plays an important role in people's daily life.
The involvement of religion will be explored further in the functional comparison in
the subsequent sections 5.2 and 5.3.
A federal arrangement would have provided greater autonomy to all units. Even in
the current arrangement where four provinces now exist, these still have indigenous
differences of culture, language, traditions and values. Under such circumstances,
allowing one province to decide the fate of others is problematic.
It is not suggested in the case of the USA, that the heterogeneity
of religion or
possibly the consciousness of the heterogeneity, created a stronger unit. In fact, the
argument is more in favour of a federal arrangement which could drive a group of
heterogeneous states to form a strong union. In the case of Pakistan, federalism
would have made an even stronger union due to the component states’ connection
through a common belief, i.e., religion.
In conclusion, there are some similarities in the initial situation of the two countries.
Both had been British colonies and both experienced
turbulence at the time of
independence. Both consisted of groups of subsidiary states without significant
consistency in culture or tradition. Nevertheless, the US model with its emphasis
on equal representation has continued without change or challenge in a relatively
peaceful political situation in a way that Pakistan’s model, with the addition of the
potentially unifying power of a shared religion, but without the security of equal
representation, has not. Although other
factors may be at play, the next section
goes on to consider the extent to which the key political structures relating to the
key factors might contribute to this difference.
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