Federal political system resolve the problem of premature dissolutions of government in

6. 
Conclusion 
According to the researcher's hypothesis of constitutional suitability, outlined in 
Chapter 1, Pakistan has had unsuitable political systems ever since its formation 
in 1947. The analysis in this thesis has been focused on the premature dissolution 
of government as a symptom of such instability. The hypothesis on which this thesis 
is based is that this, in turn, is a product of the poor design of the country's 
constitution.
As established in Chapter 2, Pakistan is, in principle a democratic federal state, so 
a suitable political system for it would be a Democratic Federal Political System.
This concept forms the basis of the underlying hypothesis of the thesis. 
The literature review in Chapter 3 explored the theoretical basis of a number of key 
factors of such a system so as to provide a conceptual framework by which to test 
that hypothesis. These factors included federalism (at 3.1), disparity of 
representation (at 3.2); separation of powers (at 3.3); state necessity (at 3.4) and 
statute structure (at 3.5).
Chapter 4 then evaluated the extent to which Pakistan has or has had a Democratic 
Federal Political System properly comprising the key factors of equal 
representation), separation of powers and a system of checks and balances and an 
absence of the influence of self-interest on the part of those able to take over power 
or amend the constitution. This chapter also considered the effect of judicial 
encouragement in terms of interpretation and use of the doctrine of state necessity 
(discussed in 3.3 and 4.3).
Using the methodologies described in Chapter 2, the hypothesis was then tested by 
reference to four subsidiary research questions, set out in Chapter 1. These are 
answered here as follows. 
1. 
Is political instability in terms of premature dissolution of government an on-
going and important issue in Pakistan?
The analysis in Chapter 4 established the fundamental point that premature 
dissolution of government has been part of Pakistan's constitutional history since 
the formation of the country. Furthermore, Chapter 4 demonstrated a pattern in 
which there is a causative relationship between assertion of state necessity, the 
premature dissolution of government and ratification by the courts.

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2. 
Are the present and past political systems Democratic Federal ones? 
The answer to this question is in in the negative. In answering this question, the 
researcher investigated the presence of the key factors explained in Chapter 4 not 
only in the current situation but in each phase of constitutional development from 
1935 to date.
2.1 
Does the political system address issues of equal representation? 
It is concluded in Chapter 4 at 4.3 that Pakistan's past and present political systems 
do not, because the earlier political systems had a unicameral legislature and the 
present bicameral legislature does not provide for direct election of the upper house. 
Therefore, equal representation of provinces, i.e. the second dimension is not 
preserved. 
2.2 
Does the political system provide for separation of powers and checks and 
balances? 
It is concluded in Chapter 4 at 4.3 that none of Pakistan's past or present political 
systems provided for separation of powers, mainly due to a parliamentary 
arrangement where the executive is associated with the legislature and the 
legislature, as concluded in the discussion in Chapter 4 of seat allocation – is 
inappropriately constituted. The lack of effective separation of powers and of a 
functioning system of checks and balances contributes to the problem of political 
instability in the form of disparity of representation and self-interest that raise 
claims of necessity and ultimately lead to premature dissolution. 
2.3 
Are there elements of self-interest exercised by influential individuals that can 
override the controls in the system? 
It is concluded in Chapter 4 that there are such elements. The first of these is 
Article 58 (2) (b) of the constitution that gives the president discretionary powers to 
dissolve the legislature, a provision that underwent a number of reforms. The 
presence, or not, of such a constitutional power has not, however, prevented 
premature dissolution through coup d’état and imposition of martial law.

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The second factor is that, when heads of state have dissolved legislatures, the 
judiciary have almost always, as set out in 4.3, supported their actions in the name 
of necessity.
407
Consequently, none of the preceding political systems of Pakistan conformed with 
the key factors that it is argued are important for a democratic federal state. Nor 
has it ever adopted a suitable political system which incorporates these factors. 
3. 
Is there any connection between premature dissolution of government and one