Folklor instituti

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE BY KARACHAY-BALKAR (MALKAR) TURKS
Abstract: For many years the research activities on the history of Karachay-Malkar (Balkar) written literature claimed that this literature started in the eighteenth century. Nowadays the sources on such creative personalities as Michael Shamsi Bash­tu (835-900), Tram khan (10th-12th century), Zurum Biy­che (13..-1396), Akbile Biyche (13..-1396), Koshayak Biyche (16th -17th century), Semenlani Kaltur (18th century) take the start of the history of Karachay-Malkar (Balkar) written literature to the ninth century. Some young researchers draw this history back to Orkhon-Yenisey scripts. It is a natural process since the more the nation gets aware of itself and con­siders its history, the more developed national consciousness appears and the nation starts to possess its history, literature and culture more strongly.

The decrease in the discrimination policy pursued by Russia gave possibilities for Karachay -Malkars (Balkar) to get more involved in the study and publicity of old Kipchak literature and joint Turkic culture. The literary works from the twentieth century are thoroughly considered, prohibited works written during Soviet period are disclosed and valuable ones are re-published for young generation.

The Karachay -Malkars (Balkar) have been able to keep their rich folklore, collect and publish it. The study of songs on narts, gods and the samples on child folklore contain flush treasure for taking possession of joint Turkic folklore, culture and outlook. In case of failure in studying this rich treasure in proper time world culture may lose one of its pieces.

Galtur Semenov (Semenlanı) (1751-1851), Kuchuk Bay­ra­mukov (Bayramuklanı) (1772-1862), Kasbot Kochkarov (Koch­karlanı) (1834-1940), Kazim Mechilanı (Meçchiyev) (1859-1945), Islam Kırımshamkhalov (Kırımshamkhallanı-Te­berdiçi) (1864-1910), Ismail Akbayov (Akbaylanı) (1874-1937), Ismail Semenov (Semenlanı) (1891-1981), Omar (Aliy­lanı) (1895-1938), Islam Khubiyev (Khubiylani) (1896-1938), Issa Karakotov (Karakotlani) (1900-42), Daut Baygulov (Bay­gullanı) (1902-42), Abdulkerim Baygulov (Baygullanı) (1902-1942), Asan (Khasan) Appayev (Appalani) (1904-1938), Azret Ortenov (Ortenlani) (1907-37), Bert Gurtuyev (Gurtulani) (1910-2001), Salih Hojuyev (Hojulani) (1910-42), Kerim Ota­rov (Otarlani) (1912-74), Gaysin Guliyev (Gulilani) (1917-85), Azret Semenov (Semenlanı)(1924-2008), Tanzila Zumakulova (Zu­makullanı) (1934), Jaghafar Tokumayev (Tokumalanı) (1935), Xusey Caybayev (Caybalanı) (1936-99), Salih Gurtuyev (Gurtulani) (1938), Ahmet Sozayev (So­za­lani) (1941), Muradin Olmezayev (Olmezlanı) (1949), Haji-Mussa Guliyev (Gulilani), Ahmadiya Malkarov (Ulubash) and others who came into literature in the twentieth century tried to use this rich vocabulary treasure in their creativities.