If you were a black non-citizen in South Africa, how would you resist and protest against apartheid? Explain

If you were a black non-citizen in South Africa, how would you resist and protest against apartheid? Explain.

• If you were a black non-citizen in South Africa, how would you resist and protest against apartheid? Explain.

• Or would you not resist and just accept and endure? Explain.

1912 African National Congress founded (original name: South African Native National Congress)

• 1912 African National Congress founded (original name: South African Native National Congress)

• Legal protests led by African elites

They advocated open resistance in the form of strikes, acts of public disobedience, and protest marches

• They advocated open resistance in the form of strikes, acts of public disobedience, and protest marches

• They adopted a Freedom charter, which had a vision of non-racial democratic state

Joined African National Congress in 1944

• Joined African National Congress in 1944

• Formed Youth League with Oliver Tambo

• Secretary of ANCYL in 1947

• National Party won election of 1948

• New ANC president approved by ANCYL

• President of ANCYL in 1951

• Banned from ANC in 1952

• Prohibited from attending meetings or holding an office
• Confined to Johannesburg area

• ANC operated underground

156 nationalists arrested December 5th, 1956

• 156 nationalists arrested December 5th, 1956

• Included Mandela and Albert Luthuli, President of ANC
• Leaders of Congress Alliance
• Combination of five major anti-apartheid organizations

• Charged with high treason

• Punishable by death

• Acquitted in March of 1961

Protest was outlawed. Anyone caught organising a demonstration, reading banned newspapers or speaking against the Apartheid system was in danger of being detained without trial, tortured, imprisoned, even sometimes murdered.

• Protest was outlawed. Anyone caught organising a demonstration, reading banned newspapers or speaking against the Apartheid system was in danger of being detained without trial, tortured, imprisoned, even sometimes murdered.

• However, Mandela’s group, the African National Congress committed itself to using non-violent means to protest against this system

• That is, until the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960.

Formed by more radical members of ANC

• Formed by more radical members of ANC

• Rivalry between ANC and PAC

• 69 demonstrators killed at Sharpeville on March 21, 1960

• Both groups formed military wings in 1961

• Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”)

• Mandela appointed first commander of MK

• PAC’s Poqo and MK prepare sabotage

Mandela left country in secret in 1962

• Mandela left country in secret in 1962

• Attended Conference of Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa

• Conference of African nationalist leaders in Addis Ababa
• Provided with Ethiopian passport by Haile Selassie

• Traveled to Algeria for military training

• Guerilla warfare

• Next to London to visit Tambo

• Arrested upon return

Charged for leaving country

• Charged for leaving country

• Sentenced to five years in prison

• MK HQ at Lilieslief raided on

• July 11th, 1963

• Arrested leaders charged with 221 counts of sabotage

• Mandela delivered four hour statement

• “I am Prepared to Die”

• Sentenced to life imprisonment plus five years

“ During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to

• “ During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to

• this struggle of the African people. I have fought

• against white domination, and I have fought

• against black domination. I have cherished the

• ideal of a democratic and free society in which all

• persons live together in harmony and with equal

•