16. Answer: E
Explain
a comparison between the circulation of air in a 19th–century building and modern standards
· Key words: comparison, circulation of air, 19th century, building, modern, standards
· In paragraph E: “19th century hospital wards could… – that‟s similar to the performance of a modern-day operating theatre”. The word “similar” suggests a comparison, and “modern-day operating theatre” can be understood as modern standards. This sentence discusses the capacity of buildings to generate air changes, which is the circulation of air inside a building. Thus, this sentence is a comparison between the circulation of air in 19th century hospitals and modern buildings. The correct paragraph is E.
o Circulation of air = air changes
17. Answer: D
Explain
how Short tested the circulation of air in a 19th–century building
· Key words: Short, tested, circulation of air, 19th–century, building
· We can find information about Short‟s test in paragraph D. His test was “to put pathogens in the airstreams” of a 19th century hospital. He found that “the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm”. This means that he tested the circulation of air in the hospital (of 19th century).
o Circulation of air = ventilation
· Answer: D
18. Answer: B
Explain
an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning
· Key words: implication, advertising, increase, air conditioning
· Paragraph B mentions the “widespread introduction of air conditioning systems”, which is the result of marketing by their inventors.
o Advertising = marketing
o Large = widespread
· Therefore, it can be paraphrased that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning.
19. Answer: designs
Explain
Professor Alan Short examined the work of John Shaw Billings, whoinfluenced the architectural … of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation.
· Key words: Alan Short, examined, John Shaw Billings, influenced, architectural, hospitals, ventilation
· The part containing information about John Shaw Billings (JSB) can be found in paragraph D. The first sentence mentions that Short‟s book “highlights” the art and science of ventilating buildings, including a study of the designs of JSB for a hospital in Baltimore in the 19th century. This suggests that in order to publish the book, Short must have had examined JSB‟s work. Later, in the last sentence of paragraph E, Short describes JSB‟s designs and other designs of 19th century buildings, stating that“up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air”.
· Have good ventilation = get fresh air
· Therefore, the answer is “designs”.
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