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23. Answer: communal
Explain
He suggests that energy use could be reduced by locating more patients in … areas.
· Key words: energy, reduced, locating, patients,
· In the middle of paragraph E, Short states that communal wards “would work just as well…at a fraction of the energy cost”. “Communal wards” imply that more than one patient is located in each ward. “Fraction” implies that energy cost would be reduced, because less energy would be used. Therefore, the answer is “communal” areas.
24. Answer: public
Explain
A major reason for improving ventilation in 19th–century hospitals was the demand from the … for protection against bad air, known as …
· Key words: major, reason, improving, ventilation, 19th century hospitals, demand, protection, against bad air
· The first sentence of paragraph F states that much of the ventilation demand was “driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against … miasmas – toxic air that spread disease”. The phrasal verb “clamour for” means “demand or request something passionately”. In this context, it can be understood that the public demanded proper ventilation to protect them from toxic air (or „bad air‟) known as miasmas. Thus, the answers are “public” and “miasmas”, respectively.
o Demand = clamour for
· Answer: public; miasmas
25. Answer: miasmas
Explain
A major reason for improving ventilation in 19th–century hospitals was the demand from the … for protection against bad air, known as …
· Key words: major, reason, improving, ventilation, 19th century hospitals, demand, protection, against bad air
· The first sentence of paragraph F states that much of the ventilation demand was “driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against … miasmas – toxic air that spread disease”. The phrasal verb “clamour for” means “demand or request something passionately”. In this context, it can be understood that the public demanded proper ventilation to protect them from toxic air (or „bad air‟) known as miasmas. Thus, the answers are “public” and “miasmas”, respectively.
o Demand = clamour for