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34. Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explain
· Key words: play, children, develop, artistic, talents
· Paragraph 3 gives some examples of benefits of play for children, including benefits in their behavior, science, maths, problem-solving skills, etc. Although the word “creative” is mentioned, this is only used to refer to problem-solving skills. However, there is no mention of “artistic talents”.
35. Answer: NO
Explain
· Key words: researchers, agreed, definition, play
· It is stated in paragraph 4 that “full consensus on a formal definition of play continues to elude the researchers and theorists who study it”. „Full consensus‟ means „full agreement‟. The word „elude‟ suggests that the definition is hard to be grasped by researchers. Thus, it is clear that they have not agreed on a definition of play yet. So the statement contradicts the author‟s claims.
· Agree = consensus
36. Answer: YES
Explain
· Key words: work, play, differ, target
· The difference between work and play is stated in the following sentence in paragraph 7: “Unlike play, work is typically not viewed as enjoyable and it is extrinsically motivated (i.e. it is goal oriented”. To have a goal is the same as to have a target. Work has a target, and in that way it is different from play.
· Differ = unlike
· Target = goal
37. Answer: encouraging
Explain
· Key words: adult, play, kid, develop, investigate, aspects, game
· The answer can be found in paragraph 9, which is about guided play. The author mentions that there are two forms of guided play, and we need to focus on the second, more direct form. In this form, the adult can encourage “further exploration or new facets” by asking questions or making comments while joining in the play.
· Investigate = exploration
· Aspects = facets
38. Answer: desire
Explain
· Key words: adults, help, children, learn, play, activity, structured, based on
· According to Nicolopolou et al in paragraph 9, while play can be somewhat structured (with the help of adults), it must also be child-centred and “stem from the child‟s own desire”. In other words, the play should be based on the child and his/her desire to play.