Instream Flow Council Instream flow and stream ecology literature May 26, 2014 hb

Katapodis, C. 2005. Developing a tool kit for fish passage, ecological flow management and fish habitat works. J. Hydraul. Res. 43 (5): 451-467. Doi: 10/1080/00221680509500144.
Kauffman, J.B., R.L. Beschta, N. Otting, and D. Lytjen. 1997. An ecological perspective of riparian and stream restoration in the western United States. Fisheries 22 (5): 12-24.
Kauffman, J.B., R.L. Case, D. Lytjen, N. Otting, Kauffman, J.B., and D.L. Cummings. 1995. Ecological approaches to riparian restoration in northeast Oregon. Restoration and Management Notes 13 (1): 12-15.
Kaufmann, P.R., J.M. Faustini, D.P. Larsen, and M.A. Shirazi. 2008. A roughness-corrected index of relative bed stability for regional stream surveys. Geomorphology 99: 150-170.
Kaufmann, P.R., and R.M. Hughes. 2006. Geomorphic and anthropogenic influences on fish and amphibians in Pacific Northwest coastal streams. Pp. 429-455 in: R.M. Hughes, L. Wang, and P.W. Seelbach, editors. Landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 48, Bethesda, Maryland.
Kaufmann, P.R., P. Levine, E.G. Robison, C. Seeliger, and D.V. Peck. 1999. Quantifying physical habitat in wadeable streams. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/620/R-99/003, Washington, D.C.
Keating, K.A., and S. Cherry. 2004. Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat selection studies. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 774-789.
Keck, R., D. Maurer, and L. Watling. 1973. Tidal stream development and its effect on the distribution of the American oyster. Hydrobiologia 42: 369-379.
Keckeis, H., and F. Schiemer. 2001. The ecology of the early life history stages of riverine fish: New perspectives in conservation and river management. Large Rivers 12 (2-4): 517-522.
Keckeis, H., P. Frankiewicz, and F. Schiemer. 1996. The importance of inshore areas for spawning nase Chondrostoma nasus (Cyprinidae) in a free-flowing section of a large river (Danube, Austria). Large Rivers 10 (1-4): 51-64.
Keckeis, H., G. Winkler, L. Flore, W. Reckendorfer, and F. Schiemer. 1997. Spatial and seasonal characteristics of 0+ fish nursery habitats of nase, Chondrostoma nasus, in the River Danube, Austria. Folia Zool. (Brno) 46 (Suppl. 1): 133-150.
Keefer, M.L., M.L. Moser, C.T. Boggs, W.R. Daigle, and C.A. Peery. 2009. Effects of body size and river environment on the upstream migration of adult Pacific lampreys. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 29 (5): 1214-1224. Doi:10.1577/M08-239.1.
Keefer, M.L., C.A. Peery, and C.C. Caudill. 2008. Migration timing of Columbia River spring Chinook salmon: effects of temperature, river discharge, and ocean environment. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1120-1133. Doi: 10.1577/T07-008.1.
Keefer, M.L., C.A. Peery, M.A. Jepson, and L.C. Stuehrenberg. 2004. Upstream migration rates of radio-tagged adult chinook salmon in riverine habitats of the Columbia River basin. J. Fish Biol. 65: 1126-1141.
Keefer, M.L., C.A. Peery, S.R. Lee, W.R. Daigle, E.L. Johnson, and M.L. Moser. 2011. Behavior of adult Pacific lamprey in near-field flow and fishway design experiments. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18: 177-189.
Keeland, B.D., W.H. Conner, and R.R. Sharitz. 1997. A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina. Forest Ecology and Management 90: 237-250.
Keeley, E.R. 2000. An experimental analysis of territory size in juvenile steelhead trout. Animal Behaviour 59: 477-490. Doi: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1288

Keeley, E.R. 2001. Demographic responses to food and space competition by juvenile steelhead trout. Ecology 82 (5): 1247-1259.

Keeley, E.R., and J.W.A. Grant. 1995. Allometric and environmental correlates of territory size in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52: 186-196. Doi:10.1139/f95-019.
Keeley, E.R., and J.D. McPhail. 1998. Food abundance, intruder pressure, and body size as determinants of territory size in juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Behaviour 135: 65-82.
Keen, J.E., and A.P. Farrell. 1994. Maximum prolonged swimming speed and maximum cardiac performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, acclimated to 2 different water temperatures. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 108A: 287-295.
Keenleyside, M.H.A., and H.M.C. Dupuis. 1988. Courtship and spawning competition in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 262265.
Keenleyside, M.H.A., and F.T. Yamamoto. 1962. Territorial behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Behaviour 19: 139-169.
Kehmeier, J.W., R.A. Valdez, C.N. Medley, O.B. Myers. 2007. Relationship of fish mesohabitat to flow in a sand-bed southwestern river. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27 (3): 750-764.

Keith, R.M., T.C. Bjornn, W.R. Meehan, N.J. Hetrick, and M.A. Brusven. 1998. Response of juvenile salmonids to riparian and instream cover modifications in small streams flowing through second-growth forests in southeast Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124: 886-897.

Kelder, B.F., and J.M. Farrell. 2009. A spatially explicit model to predict walleye spawning in an eastern Lake Ontario tributary. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 29 (6): 1686-1697. Doi: 10.1577/M08-222.1
Kelher, C., T. Wagener, M. Gooseff, B. McGlynn, K. McGuire, and L. Marshall. 2011. Investigating controls on the thermal sensitivity of Pennsylvania streams. Hydrological Processes 26: 137-156.
Keller, C., L. Anderson, and P. Tappel. 1978. Fish habitat changes in Summit Creek, Idaho, after fencing the riparian area. Pages 46-52 in: O.B. Cope, editor. Grazing and riparian/stream ecosystems. Trout Unlimited, Denver, Colorado.
Keller, E.A. 1972. Development of alluvial stream channels: a five-stage model. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83: 1531-1536.
Keller, E.A., and A. MacDonald. 1995. River channel change: the role of large woody debris. Pp. 217-235 in: A. Gurnell and G. Petts (editors), Changing River Channels. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
Keller, E.A., and F.J. Swanson. 1979. Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 4 (4): 361-380.
Kellerhals, R., and M. Church. 1989. The morphology of large rivers: characterization and management. Pages 31-48 in: D.P. Dodge (editor), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Canadian Special Publication in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106.
Kelly, V. 2008. Influence of streamflow regime and biotic interactions on fish assemblage structure in rivers of the Northern Great Plains. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.

Kelsch, S.W. 1994. Lotic fish-community structure following transition from severe drought to high discharge. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 9: 331-341.

Kemp, J.L., D.M. Harper, and G.A. Crosa. 1999. Use of “functional habitats” to link ecology with morphology in river rehabilitation. Aquatic conservation: marine and freshwater ecosystems 9 (1): 159.
Kemp, P.S., J.D. Armstrong, and D.J. Gilvear. 2005. Behavioural responses of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to presence of boulders. River Res. Appl. 21: 1053-1060. Doi: 10.1002/rra.864.
Kemp, P.S., M.H. Gessel, and J.G. Williams. 2005. Fine-scale behavioral responses of Pacific salmonids as they encounter divergence and acceleration of flow. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134 (2): 390-398.
Kemp, P.S., D.J. Gilvear, and J.D. Armstrong. 2003. Do juvenile Atlantic salmon parr track local changes in water velocity? Rivers Research and Applications 19: 569-575.
Kemp, P.S., D.J. Gilvear, and J.D. Armstrong. 2006. Variation in performance reveals discharge-related energy costs for foraging Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15: 565-571.
Kempema, E.W., and R. Ettema. 2009. Variations in anchor-ice crystal morphology related to river flow characteristics. Pages 159-168 in: F.E. Hicks and S. Warren, editors. Proceedings of the 15^th Workshop on River Ice. St. Johns, Newfoundland.
Kendy, E. 2005. Impacts of irrigation conversion on ground water, streamflow and wetlands. Proceedings, Western Wetlands Conference, Golden, Colorado.
Kendy, E. 2005. Water-balance considerations for instream flow restoration design: understanding irrigation return flow. Trout Unlimited Western Water Project, Columbia River Transactions, p. 56.
Kendy, E. 2006. Role of artificial ground-water recharge in streamflow management: past, present, and future. Proceedings, American water Resources Association, Montana Section, Polson, Montana, October 12-13, 2006. http://awra.org/state/montana/events/conference.htm.
Kendy, E., and J.D. Bredehoeft. 2006. Transient effects of ground-water pumping and surface-water irrigation returns on streamflow. Water Resources Research 42 W08415, doi:10.1029/2005WR004792.
Kendy, E., J.S. Sanderson, J.D. Olden, C.D. Apse, M.M. DePhilip, J.A. Haney, R.R. Knight, and J.K.H. Zimmerman. 2009. Applications of the ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA) in the United States. Int. Conf. on Implementing Environ. Water Allocations, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 23-26 February. Available at: http://depts.washington.edu/oldenlab/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Kendy-et-al-ELOHA-applications_2009.pdf.
Kennard, M.J., S.J. Mackay, S.J. Pusey, J.D. Olden, and N. Marsh. 2010. Quantifying uncertainty in estimation of hydrologic metrics for ecohydrological studies. River Research and Applications 26: 137-156. Doi: 10.1002/rra.1249
Kennard, M.J., J.D. Olden, A.A. Arthington, B.J. Pusey, and N.L. Poff. 2007. Multiscale effects of flow regime and habitat and their interaction on fish assemblage structure in eastern Australia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64 (10): 1346-1359.
Kennard, M.J., B.J. Pusey, J.D. Olden, S.J. Mackay, J.L. Stein, and N. Marsh. 2010. Classification of natural flow regimes in Australia to support environmental flow management. Freshwater Biology 55: 171-193.
Kennard, M.J., B.J. Pusey, S.J. Mackay, J.D. Olden, and N. Marsh. 2009. Quantifying uncertainty in estimation of hydrologic metrics for ecohydrological studies. River Research and Applications 25: doi:10.1002/rra
Kennard, N.R. 2000. Development and testing of a rapid assessment methodology for instream habitat. Master’s thesis, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 69 pp.
Kennedy, B.P., K.M. Nislow, and C.L. Folt. 2008. Habitat-mediated foraging limitations drive survival bottlenecks for juvenile salmon. Ecology 89 (9): 2529-2541.
Kennedy, G.J.A., and C.D. Strange. 1982. The distribution of salmonids in upland streams in relation to depth and gradient. Journal of Fish Biology 20: 579-591.
Kennedy, G.J.A., and C.D. Strange. 1986. The effects of intra and inter-specific competition on the distribution of stocked juvenile Atlantic, Salmo salar L., in relation to depth and gradient in an upland trout Salmo trutta L. stream. Journal of Fish Biology 29: 199-214. Doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04938.x.
Kennedy, T.L., D.S. Gutzler, and R.L. Leung. 2009. Predicting future threats to the long-term survival of Gila trout using a high-resolution simulation of climate change. Climatic Change 94: 503-515.
Kennen, J.G., J.A. Henriksen, and S.P. Nieswand. 2007. Development of the hydroecological integrity process for determining environmental flows for New Jersey streams. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5206, West Trenton, New Jersey.
Kennen, J.G., L.J. Kauffman, M.A. Ayers, D.M. Wolock, and S.J. Colarullo. 2008. Use of an integrated flow model to estimate ecologically relevant hydrologic characteristics at stream biomonitoring sites. Ecological Modeling 211: 57-76.
Kennen, J.G., K. Riva-Murray, and K.M. Beaulieu. 2009. Determining hydrologic factors that influence stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the northeastern US. Ecohydrology 2 (1): 88-106.
Kennen, J.G., and M.L. Riskin. 2010. Evaluating effects of potential changes in streamflow regime on fish and aquatic-invertebrate assemblages in the New Jersey Pinelands. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5079. Available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5079/
Kenney, J.F., N.L. Barber, S.S. Hutson, et al. 2009. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005. Reston, VA. USGS Circular 1344.
Keppeler, E.T., and R.R. Ziemer. 1990. Logging effects on streamflow: water yield and summer low flows at Caspar Creek in northwestern California. Water Resources Research 26: 1669-1679.
Kercher, S.M., and J.B. Zedler. 2004. Flood tolerance in wetland angiosperms: a comparison of invasive and noninvasive species. Aquat. Bot. 80: 89-102.
Kerezsy, A., S.R. Balcombe, A.H. Arthington, and S.E. Bunn. 2011. Continuous recruitment underpins fish persistence in the arid rivers of far western Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 62: 1178-1190.
Kerr, J.L., D.S. Baldwin, and K.L. Whitworth. 2013. Options for managing hypoxic blackwater events in river systems: a review. J. Environ. Manage. 114: 139-147.
Kershner, J.L., B.R. Roper, N. Bouwes, R. Henderson, and E. Archer. 2004. An analysis of stream habitat conditions in reference and managed watersheds on some federal lands within the Columbia River basin. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24 (4): 1363-1375.
Kershner, J.L., and W.M. Snider. 1992. Importance of a habitat-level classification system to design instream flow studies. Pp. 179-193 in: P.J. Boon, P. Calow, and G.E. Petts (eds.), River Conservation and Management. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Kessler, R.K., A.F. Casper, and G.K. Weddle. 1995. Temporal variation in microhabitat use and spatial relations in the benthic fish community of a stream. American Midland Naturalist 134: 361-370.
Khoroshko, P.N. 1972. The amount of water in the Volga basin and its effect on the reproduction of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) under conditions of normal and regulated discharge. Journal of Ichthyology 12: 608-616.
Kieffer, S.W. 1985. The 1983 hydraulic jump in Crystal Rapid: implications for river-running and geomorphic evolution in the Grand Canyon. Journal of Geology 93: 385-406.
Kiernan, J.D., P.B. Moyle, and P.K. Crain. 2012. Restoring native fish assemblages to a regulated California stream using the natural flow regime concept. Ecological Applications 22 (5): 1472-1482. Doi: 10.1890/11-0480.1.
Kiffney, P.M., C.M. Greene, J.E. Hall, and J.R. Davies. 2006. Tributary streams create spatial discontinuities in habitat, biological productivity, and diversity in mainstem rivers. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63 (11): 2516-1530.
Kiffney, P.M., and P. Roni. 2007. Relationships between productivity, physical habitat, and aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate populations of forest streams: an information-theoretic approach. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136 (4): 1088-1103.
Kiffney, P.M., C.J. Volk, T.J. Beechie, G.L. Murray, G.R. Pess, and R.L. Edmonds. 2004. A high-severity disturbance event alters community and ecosystem properties in West Twin Creek, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. Am. Midl. Nat. 152 (2): 286-303. Doi: 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0286:AHDEAC]2.0.CO;2.
Kiflawi, M., and A. Genin. 1997. Prey flux manipulation and the feeding rates of reef-dwelling planktivorous fish. Ecology 78 (4): 1062-1077.
Killgore, K.J., and J.A. Baker. 1996. Patterns of larval fish abundance in a bottomland hardwood wetland. Wetlands 16: 288-295.
Killgore, K.J., and J.J. Hoover. 1996. Fishery evaluation of the Pearl River (Walkiah Bluff) restoration project. U.S. Army Engineer District, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 61 pp.
Killintveit, A., and M. Lundteigen Fossdal. 1994. The River System Simulator – an integrated model system for water resources planning and operation. Pages 35-41 in: W.R. Blain and K.L. Katsifarakis, editors. Hydraulic Engineering Software V Water Resources and Distribution. Ecology and Environment. Vol. 7. Wessex Institute, Southampton, UK.
Kilpatrick, F.A., H.H. Barnes. 1964. Channel geometry of Piedmont streams as related to frequency of floods. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422-E, 10 pp.
Kim, T.J. 2012. Evaluating the impacts of instream flow on water supply for municipal and irrigation use. River Research and Applications 28: 247-257.
Kimmerer, W.J. 2002. Effects of freshwater flow on abundance of estuarine organisms: Physical effects or trophic linkages? Marine Ecology Progress Series 243: 39-55. Doi: 10.3354/meps243039.
Kimmerer, W.J. 2002. Physical, biological, and management responses to variable freshwater flow into the San Francisco estuary. Estuaries 25: 1275-1290.
Kimmerer, W.J. 2008. Losses of Sacramento River Chinook salmon and delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) to entrainment in water diversions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science [online serial] 6 (2): article 2.
Kimmerer, W.J., E.S. Gross, and M.I. MacWilliams. 2009. Is the response of estuarine nekton to freshwater flow in the San Francisco Estuary explained by variation in habitat volume? Estuaries and Coasts 32: 375-389.
Kimmerer, W.J. and J.R. Schubel. 1994. Managing freshwater flows into San Francisco Bay using a salinity standard: Results of a workshop, pp. 411-416. In: K.R. Dyer and R.J. Orth (eds.). Changes in fluxes in estuaries: Implications from science to management. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.
King, A.J. 2004. Ontogenetic patters of habitat use by fishes within the main channel of an Australian floodplain river. Journal of Fish Biology 65: 1582-1603. Doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00567.x.
King, A.J. 2005. Fish in the Barmah-Millewa Forest – history, status and management challenges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 11: 117-126.
King, A.J., D.A. Crook, W. M. Koster, J. Mahoney, and Z. Tonkin. 2005. Comparison of larval fish drift in the Lower Goulburn and mid-Murray Rivers. Ecological Management & Restoration 6: 136-139.
King, A.J., P. Humphries, and P.S. Lake. 2003. Fish recruitment on floodplains: the roles of patterns of flooding and life history characteristics. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60 (7): 773-786. Doi:10.1139/f03-057.
King, A.J., Z. Tonkin, and J. Lieshcke. 2012. Short-term effects of a prolonged blackwater event on aquatic fauna in the Murray River, Australia: considerations for future events. Mar. Freshw. Res. 63: 576-86.
King, A.J., Z. Tonkin, and J.M. Mahoney. 2007. Assessing the effectiveness of environmental flows on fish recruitment in Barmah-Millewa Forest. Report to Murray-Darling Basin Commission. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne, Victoria.
King, A.J., Z. Tonkin, and J.M. Mahoney. 2009. Environmental flows enhance native fish spawning and recruitment in the Murray River, Australia. River Research and Applications 25: 1205-1218. Doi:10.1002/rra.1209.
King, A.J., K.A. Ward, P. O’Connor, D. Green, Z. Tonkin, and J. Mahoney. 2010. Adaptive management of an environmental watering event to enhance native fish spawning and recruitment. Freshwater Biology 55: 17-31. doi:10.1111/j.1365.2009.02178.x.
King, E.G.,and K.K. Caylor. 2011. Ecohydrology in practice: strengths, conveniences, and opportunities. Ecohydrology 4: 609-612. Doi: 10.1002/eco.248.
King, J., and C. Brown. 2006. Environmental flows: striking the balance between development and resource protection. Ecology and Society 11: 26. http://www.ecologyandsociety.g/vol11/iss2/art26/.
King, J.M., and C. Brown. 2010. Integrated basin flow assessments: concepts and method development in Africa and South-east Asia. Freshwater Biology 55: 127-146.
King, J.M., C. Brown, and H. Sabet. 2003. A scenario-based holistic approach to environmental flow assessments for rivers. River Research and Applications. 19: 619-640.
King, J.M., J.A. Cambray, and D.N. Impson. 1998. Linked effects of dam-released floods and water temperature on spawning of the Clanwilliam yellowfish Barbus capensis. Hydrobiologia 384: 245-265.
King, J.M., and D. Louw. 1998. Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the building block methodology. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1: 109-124.
King, J.M., and R.E. Tharme. 1994. Assessment of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and initial development of alternative instream flow methodologies for South Africa. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
King, J.M., R.E. Tharme, and C. Brown. 1999. Definition and implementation of instream flows. Contributing paper to World Commission on Dams. Prepared for Thematic Review II.1 Available on line at http://www/dams.org/.
King, J.M., R.E. Tharme, and M.S. DeVilliers, eds. 2000. Environmental flow assessments for rivers: Manual for the Building Block Methodology. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
King, S.L., J.A. Allen, and J.W. McCoy. 1998. Long-term effects of a lock and dam and greentree reservoir management on a bottomland hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 112: 213-226.
Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Aerial survey of waterbirds on wetlands as a measure of river and floodplain health. Freshwater Biology 41: 425-438.
Kingsford, R.T. 2000. Ecological impacts of dams, water diversion and river management on floodplain wetlands in Australia. Austral Ecology 25 (2): 109-127. Doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01036.x.
Kingsford, R.T. 2006. Ecology of desert rivers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kingsford, R.T., and K.M. Auld. 2005. Waterbird breeding and environmental flow management in the Macquarie Marshes, arid Australia. River Research and Applications 2: 187-200.
Kingsford, R.T., A.L. Curtin, and J. Porter. 1999. Water flows on Cooper Creek in arid Australia determine “boom” and “bust” periods for waterbirds. Biological Conservation 88: 231-248.
Kingsford, R.T., K.M. Jenkins, and J.L. Porter. 2004. Imposed hydrological stability on lakes in arid Australia and effects on waterbirds. Ecology 85 (9): 2478-2492.
Kingsford, M.J., and I.M. Suthers. 1994. Dynamic estuarine plumes and fronts: importance of small fish and plankton in coastal waters of NSW, Australia. Continental Shelf Research 14: 655-672.
Kinley, T.A., and N.J. Newhouse. 1997. Relationship of riparian reserve zone width to bird density and diversity in southeastern British Columbia. Northwest Science 71: 75-86.
Kinsolving, A.D., and M.B. Bain. 1993. Fish assemblage recovery along a riverine disturbance gradient. Ecological Applications 3: 531-544.
Kinzie, R.A., and J.I. Ford. 1988. A test of transferability of habitat utilization curves. Pp. 336-362 in K. Bovee and J.R. Zuboy, editors. Proceedings of a workshop on the development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 88 (11).
Kirkbride, A.D. 1993. Observations on the influence of bed roughness on turbulence structure in depth limited flows over gravel beds. Pp. 185-196 in: N.J Clifford, J.R. French, and J. Hardisty (eds.), Turbulence: perspectives on flow and sediment transport. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester.

Kirkbride, A.D., and R. Ferguson. 1995. Turbulent flow structure in a gravel-bed river: Markov chain analysis of the fluctuating velocity profile. Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 20: 721-733.

Kitamura, T., M. Kato, T. Tashiro, and T. Tsujimoto. 2000. Experimental study on detachment of attached algae Cladophola glomerata due to bedload. Advances in River Engineering 6: 125-130.
Kitano, S., K. Maekawa, S. Nakano, and K.D. Fausch. 1994. Spawning behavior of bull trout in the upper Flathead drainage, Montana, with special reference to hybridization with brook trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123 (6): 988-992.