List of Current Literature Topics

Patients Experiences

Research studies

Happ MB. Interpretation of nonvocal behavior and the meaning of voicelessness in critical care. Soc Sci Med. 2000 May;50(9):1247-55.

Misak CJ. The critical care experience: a patient's view. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Aug 15;170(4):357-9. Epub 2004 Apr 22. free full text
Sheen L, Oates J.: A phenomenological study of medically induced unconsciousness in intensive care. Aust Crit Care. 2005 Feb;18 (1):25-9, 31-2
Johannson, Fjellmann-Wiklund (2005): Ventilated patients experiences of body awareness at an intensive care unit. Advances in Physiotherapy. 2005; 7: 154-161
Karlsson V, Forsberg V. Health is yearning—–Experiences of being conscious during ventilator treatment in a critical care unit. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008) 24, 41—50
Schou L, Egerod I (2008): A qualitative study into the lived experience of post-CABG patients during mechanical ventilator weaning. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 24, 171-179
Carroll SM. Silent, slow lifeworld: the communication experience of nonvocal ventilated patients. Qual Health Res. 2007 Nov;17(9):1165-77.
Perrier E. Intensive care. BMJ. 2007 Apr 14;334(7597):796-7. (link is free full text)
Cox CE, Docherty SL, Brandon DH, Whaley C, Attix DK, Clay AS, Dore DV, Hough CL, White DB, Tulsky JA. Surviving critical illness: acute respiratory distress syndrome as experienced by patients and their caregivers. Crit Care Med. 2009 Oct;37(10):2702-8. free full text
Lee CM, Herridge MS, Matte A, Cameron JI. Education and support needs during recovery in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. Crit Care. 2009;13(5):R153. Epub 2009 Sep 23. free full text
Tonelli MR, Misak CJ. Compromised Autonomy and the Seriously Ill Patient. Chest 2010;137;926-931 free full text
Tanzman ES. Survivor. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Sep 21;153(6):416-7.
Misak CJ. ICU-Acquired Weakness: Obstacles and Interventions for Rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Apr 1;183(7):845-6. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
Tate JA, Devito Dabbs A, Hoffman LA, Milbrandt E, Happ MB. Anxiety and agitation in mechanically ventilated patients. Qual Health Res. 2012 Feb;22(2):157-73.
Bienvenu OJ, Williams JB, Yang A, Hopkins RO, Needham DM. Posttraumatic stress disorder in acute lung injury survivors: evaluating the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Chest. 2012 Nov 22. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-0908
Aitken LM, Rattray J, Hull A, Kenardy JA, Le Brocque R, Ullman AJ. The use of diaries in psychological recovery from intensive care. Crit Care. 2013 Dec 18;17(6):253. PubMed PMID: 24351578; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4056894

Schelling G, Kapfhammer H-P. Surviving ICU does mean that the war is over. Editorial. Chest 144 July 1-3.

Pandian V, Smith CP, Cole TK, Bhatti NI, Mirski MA, Yarmus LB, Feller-Kopman DJ. Optimizing Communication in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. J Med Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;21(4):309-318
Rier DA. From three sides now: reflections on an ICU journey as patient, parent, and researcher. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Aug;40(8):1162-3.
Fenn B. Coma alarm dreams on paediatric intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Oct;40(10):1568-9.
Regensburg AM. Use of iPads by occupational therapists in a medical intensive care unit. Physical Disabilities Special Interest Section Quarterly Section. 2014; 37(3):1-3
Walker W, Wright J, Danjoux G, Howell SJ, Martin D, Bonner S. Project Post Intensive Care eXercise (PIX): A qualitative exploration of intensive care unit survivors’ perceptions of quality of life post-discharge and experience of exercise rehabilitation Journal of the Intensive Care Society 2014 doi:10.1177/1751143714554896
Czerwonka AI, Herridge MS, Chan L, Chu LM, Matte A, Cameron JI. Changing support needs of survivors of complex critical illness and their family caregivers across the care continuum: A qualitative pilot study of Towards RECOVER. J Crit Care. 2015 Apr;30(2):242-9.
Sottile PD, Nordon-Craft A, Malone D, Schenkman M, Moss M. Patient and family perceptions of physical therapy in the medical intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2015 May 8. pii: S0883-9441(15)00266-X.
Wintermann GB, Brunkhorst FM, Petrowski K, Strauss B, Oehmichen F, Pohl M, Rosendahl J. Stress disorders following prolonged critical illness in survivors of severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun;43(6):1213-22.
Whitehorne K, Gaudine A, Meadus R, Solberg S. Lived Experience of the Intensive Care Unit for Patients Who Experienced Delirium. Am J Crit Care. 2015 Nov;24(6):474-9.
Holm A, Dreyer P. Intensive care unit patients' experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Nurs Crit Care. 2015 Jul 15.
Kok L, Hillegers MH, Veldhuijzen DS, Cornelisse S, Nierich AP, van der Maaten JM, Rosseel PM, Hofland J, Sep MS, Dieleman JM, Vinkers CH, Peelen LM, Joëls M, van Dijk D; Dexamethasone for Cardiac Surgery Study Group. The Effect of Dexamethasone on Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression After Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care Admission: Longitudinal Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med. 2015 Nov 4.
Prime D, Arkless P, Fine J, Winter S, Wakefield DB, Scatena R. Patient experiences during awake mechanical ventilation. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2016 Feb 17;6(1):30426.
Aitken LM, Castillo MI, Ullman A, Engström Å, Cunningham K, Rattray J. What is the relationship between elements of ICU treatment and memories after discharge in adult ICU survivors? Aust Crit Care. 2016 Feb;29(1):5-14.
Koszalinski RS, Tappen RM, Hickman C, Melhuish T. Communication Needs of Critical Care Patients Who Are Voiceless. Comput Inform Nurs. 2016 Jun 16.
Ramsay P, Huby G, Merriweather J, Salisbury L, Rattray J, Griffith D, Walsh T; RECOVER collaborators. Patient and carer experience of hospital-based rehabilitation from intensive care to hospital discharge: mixed methods process evaluation of the RECOVER randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Aug 1;6(8):e012041.
Van Rompaey B, Van Hoof A, van Bogaert P, Timmermans O, Dilles T. The patient's perception of a delirium: A qualitative research in a Belgian intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016 Feb;32:66-74.
Nadkarni NM. After the Fall: The Tapestry of Disturbance and Recovery. Crit Care Med. 2017 Feb;45(2):348-355
Rubin E. How Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Changed My Life in a Split Second. ICU Management & Practice 2017 June
Laerkner E, Egerod I, Olesen F, Hansen HP. A sense of agency: An ethnographic exploration of being awake during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Jun 30;75:1-9
Ferguson K, Bradley JM, McAuley DF, Blackwood B, O'Neill B. Patients' Perceptions of an Exercise Program Delivered Following Discharge From Hospital After Critical Illness (the Revive Trial). J Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan 1:885066617724738.
Wåhlin I, Samuelsson P, Ågren S. What do patients rate as most important when cared for in the ICU and how often is this met? - An empowerment questionnaire survey. J Crit Care. 2017 Aug;40:83-90.
Cox CE, Hough CL, Carson SS, White DB, Kahn JM, Olsen MK, Jones DM, Somers TJ, Kelleher SA, Porter LS. Effects of a Telephone- and Web-based Coping Skills Training Program Compared to an Education Program for Survivors of Critical Illness and Their Family Members: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Sep 5. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201704-0720OC
Bashar FR, Vahedian-Azimi A, Hajiesmaeili M, Salesi M, Farzanegan B, Shojaei S, Goharani R, Madani SJ, Moghaddam KG, Hatamian S, Moghaddam HJ, Mosavinasab SMM, Elamin EM, Miller AC; MORZAK Collaborative. Post-ICU psychological morbidity in very long ICU stay patients with ARDS and delirium. J Crit Care. 2017 Aug 24;43:88-94
Daniel Haines, Johanna Hild, Jianghua He, et al., “A Retrospective, Pilot Study of De Novo Antidepressant Medication Initiation in Intensive Care Unit Patients and Post-ICU Depression,” Critical Care Research and Practice, vol. 2017, Article ID 5804860, 5 pages, 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/5804860
Nedergaard HK, Haberlandt T, Reichmann PD, Toft P, Jensen HI. Patients' opinions on outcomes following critical illness. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018 Apr;62(4):531-539
Wintermann GB, Rosendahl J, Weidner K, Strauß B, Hinz A, Petrowski K. Self-reported fatigue following intensive care of chronically critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study. J Intensive Care. 2018 May 2;6:27
Riddersholm S, Christensen S, Kragholm K, Christiansen CF, Rasmussen BS. Organ support therapy in the intensive care unit and return to work: a nationwide, register-based cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2018 Apr;44(4):418-427
Papathanassoglou EDE, Hadjibalassi M, Miltiadous P, Lambrinou E, Papastavrou E, Paikousis L, Kyprianou T. Effects of an Integrative Nursing Intervention on Pain in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Am J Crit Care. 2018 May;27(3):172-185
Hayhurst CJ, Jackson JC, Archer KR, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Hughes CG. Pain and Its Long-term Interference of Daily Life After Critical Illness. Anesth Analg. 2018 Apr 11.
Berntzen H, Bjørk IT, Wøien H. "Pain relieved, but still struggling"-Critically ill patients experiences of pain and other discomforts during analgosedation. J Clin Nurs. 2018 Jan;27(1-2):e223-e234
Kang J, Jeong YJ. Embracing the new vulnerable self: A grounded theory approach on critical care survivors' post-intensive care syndrome. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018 Sep 4.
Freeman-Sanderson A, Morris K, Elkins M. Characteristics of patient communication and prevalence of communication difficulty in the intensive care unit: An observational study. Aust Crit Care. 2018 Oct 19.
Reviews

Cook DJ, Meade MO, Perry AG. Qualitative studies on the patient's experience of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2001 Dec;120(6 Suppl):469S-73S. free full text

Carroll SM. Nonvocal ventilated patients perceptions of being understood. West J Nurs Res. 2004 Feb;26(1):85-103
Curtis JR, White DB. Practical guidance for evidence-based ICU family conferences. Chest. 2008 Oct;134(4):835-43. free full text
Darbyshire JL, Greig PR, Vollam S, Young JD, Hinton L."I Can Remember Sort of Vivid People…but to Me They Were Plasticine." Delusions on the Intensive Care Unit: What Do Patients Think Is Going On? PLoS One. 2016 Apr 20;11(4):e0153775.
Ten Hoorn S, Elbers PW, Girbes AR, Tuinman PR. Communicating with conscious and mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2016 Oct 19;20(1):333.
Wade DF, Moon Z, Windgassen SS, Harrison AM, Morris L, Weinman JA. Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce ICU-related psychological distress: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Apr;82(4):465-78


Guidelines

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE): Rehabilitation after critical illness. NICE Clinical Guideline No. 83, January 2009 http://www.nice.org.uk/CG83

Relatives & families

Research studies

Jones C, Skirrow P, Griffins RD et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in relatives of patients following intensive care. Intensive Care Medicine 2004; 30:456-60

Melnyk BM, Alpert-Gillis L, Feinstein NF et al. Creating opportunities for parent empowerment: program effects on the mental health/coping outcomes of critically ill young children and their mothers. Pediatrics 2004; 113: e597-607
Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N et al. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients.AJRCCM 2005; 171: 987-94 free full text
Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B et al. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Eng J Med 2007; 356:469-78. [Erratum appears in N Eng J Med 2007; 357:203] free full text
Siegel MD, Hayes E, Vanderwerker LC et al. Psychiatric illness in the next of kin of patients who die in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1722-8
Davidson JE, Daly BJ, Agan D et al. Facilitated sensemaking: a feasibility study for the provision of a family support program in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 2010; 33:177-189
Pape TL, Rosenow JM, Steiner M, Parrish T, Guernon A, Harton B, Patil V, Bhaumik DK, McNamee S, Walker M, Froehlich K, Burress C, Odle C, Wang X, Herrold AA, Zhao W, Reda D, Mallinson T, Conneely M, Nemeth AJ. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Familiar Auditory Sensory Training for Acute Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Report. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Jan 22
Petrinec AB, Mazanec PM, Burant CJ, Hoffer A, Daly BJ. Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers. Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar 17
Sottile PD, Nordon-Craft A, Malone D, Schenkman M, Moss M. Patient and family perceptions of physical therapy in the medical intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2015 May 8.
Petrinec AB, Mazanec PM, Burant CJ, Hoffer A, Daly BJ. Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun;43(6):1205-12.
Andresen M, Guic E, Orellana A, Diaz MJ, Castro R. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in close relatives of intensive care unit patients: Prevalence data resemble that of earthquake survivors in Chile. J Crit Care. 2015 Jun 26.
van Beusekom I, Bakhshi-Raiez F, de Keizer NF, Dongelmans DA, van der Schaaf M. Reported burden on informal caregivers of ICU survivors: a literature review. Crit Care. 2016 Jan 21;20(1):16.
Nadig N, Huff NG, Cox CE, Ford DW. Coping as a Multifaceted Construct: Associations With Psychological Outcomes Among Family Members of Mechanical Ventilation Survivors. Crit Care Med. 2016 Apr 8.
Sottile PD, Lynch Y, Mealer M, Moss M. Association Between Resilience and Family Member Psychologic Symptoms in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med. 2016 Apr 19.
Petrinec AB, Mazanec PM, Burant CJ, Hoffer A, Daly BJ. Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun;43(6):1205-12.
van den Born–van Zanten, Sascha A.; Dongelmans, Dave A.; Dettling-Ihnenfeldt, Daniela; Vink, Roel; van der Schaaf, Marike Caregiver strain and posttraumatic stress symptoms of informal caregivers of intensive care unit survivors. Rehabilitation Psychology, Vol 61(2), May 2016, 173-178
Cameron JI, Chu LM, Matte A, Tomlinson G, Chan L, Thomas C, Friedrich JO, Mehta S, Lamontagne F, Levasseur M, Ferguson ND, Adhikari NK, Rudkowski JC, Meggison H, Skrobik Y, Flannery J, Bayley M, Batt J, dos Santos C, Abbey SE, Tan A, Lo V, Mathur S, Parotto M, Morris D, Flockhart L, Fan E, Lee CM, Wilcox ME, Ayas N, Choong K, Fowler R, Scales DC, Sinuff T, Cuthbertson BH, Rose L, Robles P, Burns S, Cypel M, Singer L, Chaparro C, Chow CW, Keshavjee S, Brochard L, Hébert P, Slutsky AS, Marshall JC, Cook D, Herridge MS; RECOVER Program Investigators (Phase 1: towards RECOVER); Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. One-Year Outcomes in Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1831-41.
Burns KE, Jacob SK, Aguirre V, Gomes J, Mehta S, Rizvi L. Stakeholder Engagement in Trial Design: Survey of Visitors to Critically Ill Patients Regarding Preferences for Outcomes and Treatment Options during Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016
Mistraletti G, Umbrello M, Mantovani ES, Moroni B, Formenti P, Spanu P, Anania S, Andrighi E, Di Carlo A, Martinetti F, Vecchi I, Palo A, Pinna C, Russo R, Francesconi S, Valdambrini F, Ferretti E, Radeschi G, Bosco E, Malacarne P, Iapichino G; http://www.intensiva.it Investigators.. A family information brochure and dedicated website to improve the ICU experience for patients' relatives: an Italian multicenter before-and-after study. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Nov 9.
Butler JM, Hirshberg EL, Hopkins RO, Wilson EL, Orme JF, Beesley SJ, Kuttler K, Brown SM. Preliminary Identification of Coping Profiles Relevant to Surrogate Decision Making in the ICU. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 11;11(11):e0166542.
Eghbali-Babadi M, Shokrollahi N, Mehrabi T. Effect of Family-Patient Communication on the Incidence of Delirium in Hospitalized Patients in Cardiovascular Surgery ICU. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017 Jul-Aug;22(4):327-331
Lewis CL, Taylor JZ. Impact of prior ICU experience on ICU patient family members' psychological distress: A descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Dec;43:129-135.
Ågren S, Eriksson A, Fredrikson M, Hollman-Frisman G, Orwelius L. The health promoting conversations intervention for families with a critically ill relative: A pilot study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018 May 3.
Rosa RG, Falavigna M, Robinson CC, da Silva DB, Kochhann R, de Moura RM, Santos MMS, Sganzerla D, Giordani NE, Eugênio C, Ribeiro T, Cavalcanti AB, Bozza F, Azevedo LCP, Machado FR, Salluh JIF, Pellegrini JAS, Moraes RB, Hochegger T, Amaral A, Teles JMM, da Luz LG, Barbosa MG, Birriel DC, Ferraz IL, Nobre V, Valentim HM, Corrêa E Castro L, Duarte PAD, Tregnago R, Barilli SLS, Brandão N, Giannini A, Teixeira C; ICU Visits Study Group Investigators and the BRICNet. Study protocol to assess the effectiveness and safety of a flexible family visitation model for delirium prevention in adult intensive care units: a cluster-randomised, crossover trial (The ICU Visits Study). BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 13;8(4):e021193
Mailhot T, Cossette S, Côté J, Bourbonnais A, Côté MC, Lamarche Y, Denault A. A post cardiac surgery intervention to manage delirium involving families: a randomized pilot study. Nurs Crit Care. 2017 Jul;22(4):221-228
Bell SK, Roche SD, Mueller A, Dente E, O'Reilly K, Sarnoff Lee B, Sands K, Talmor D, Brown SM. Speaking up about care concerns in the ICU: patient and family experiences, attitudes and perceived barriers. BMJ Qual Saf. 2018 Jul 12. pii: bmjqs-2017-007525
Alfheim HB, Småstuen MC, Hofsø K, Tøien K, Rosseland LA, Rustøen T. Quality of life in family caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit: A longitudinal study. Aust Crit Care. 2018 Nov 29. pii: S1036-7314(18)30165-6
Reviews

Davidson JE, Powers K, Hedayat KM et al. Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004-2005. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:605-622.

Kynoch K, Chang A, Coyer F, McArdle A. The effectiveness of interventions to meet family needs of critically ill patients in an adult intensive care unit: a systematic review update. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2016 Mar;14(3):181-234.

Haines KJ, Kelly P, Fitzgerald P, Skinner EH, Iwashyna TJ. The Untapped Potential of Patient and Family Engagement in the Organization of Critical Care. Crit Care Med. 2017 Feb 23. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002282

Naretto G, Boratti A. Storeroom 99: a place for words to support families of ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Sep;43(9):1407-1408

Nassar Junior AP, Besen BAMP, Robinson CC, Falavigna M, Teixeira C, Rosa RG. Flexible Versus Restrictive Visiting Policies in ICUs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2018 Apr 10.

Burns KEA, Misak C, Herridge M, Meade MO, Oczkowski S; Patient and Family Partnership Committee of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Patient and Family Engagement in the ICU. Untapped Opportunities and Underrecognized Challenges. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Aug 1;198(3):310-319

Haines KJ. Engaging Families in Rehabilitation of People Who Are Critically Ill: An Underutilized Resource. Phys Ther. 2018 Sep 1;98(9):737-744

Dinglas VD, Faraone LN, Needham DM. Understanding patient-important outcomes after critical illness: a synthesis of recent qualitative, empirical, and consensus-related studies. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2018 Oct;24(5):401-409

Brummel NE. Measuring Outcomes After Critical Illness. Crit Care Clin. 2018 Oct;34(4):515-526

Haines KJ, Quasim T, McPeake J. Family and Support Networks Following Critical Illness. Crit Care Clin. 2018 Oct;34(4):609-623

Vijayaraghavan BKT, Willaert X, Cuthbertson BH. Should ICU clinicians follow patients after ICU discharge? No. Intensive Care Med. 2018 Sep;44(9):1542-1544

Meyer J, Brett SJ, Waldmann C. Should ICU clinicians follow patients after ICU discharge? Yes. Intensive Care Med. 2018 Sep;44(9):1539-1541

Guidelines

Davidson JE, Powers K, Hedayat KM et al. Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004-2005. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:605-622.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE): Rehabilitation after critical illness. NICE Clinical Guideline No. 83, January 2009 http://www.nice.org.uk/CG83
Davidson JE, Aslakson RA, Long AC, Puntillo KA, Kross EK, Hart J, Cox CE, Wunsch H, Wickline MA, Nunnally ME, Netzer G, Kentish-Barnes N, Sprung CL, Hartog CS, Coombs M, Gerritsen RT, Hopkins RO, Franck LS, Skrobik Y, Kon AA, Scruth EA, Harvey MA, Lewis-Newby M, White DB, Swoboda SM, Cooke CR, Levy MM, Azoulay E, Curtis JR. Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):103-128.


Credits

• 
  This work, created by D.M. Needham, C. Hickmann, and P. Nydahl.
  
• 
  Credits to Society of Critical Care Medicine’s SCCM’s Long-term Consequences of Critical Illness Task Force for helping with the literature summary.
  

~ ~

This work, created by D.M. Needham MD, PhD; C. Hickmann, PT, MSc, PhD; P. Nydahl, MScN and the Johns Hopkins University Outcomes After Critical Illness & Surgery (OACIS) Group, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

January 8, 2019