Marginalized Knowledge: An Agenda for Indigenous Knowledge Development and Integration with Other Forms of Knowledge

5.2 Recreation Provision

According to Nash (1928) and Torkildsen (2001) provision refers to the supply of something. In the case of recreation provision the two authors suggested the following guidelines:

(a) A safe place of sufficient size in which to play; (space)

(b) The organisation of the in school and the out - school time; (leisure)

(c) Skilled leadership; (Recreation manager) and

(d) A well selected programme of activities.(Recreation programme)

5.3 Recreation Demand

The concept recreation demand refers to the conscious or unconscious need or a desire by an individual for participation in recreation activities (Monkhouse et al : 1965). Such recreation demand could furthermore be categorised as follows:

1. 
   Effective demand / manifest demand (Burton et al in Appleton)which is reflected in the active participation in recreation activities (SCOR: 1979)
   
2. 
   Deferred recreation demand involves a need to participate in recreation activities that is not satisfied because those who could and would participate lack the means and knowledge or both, (SCOR:1979
   
3. 
   Latent recreation demand involves recreation needs of potential users who cannot at present participate in recreation activities and require an improvement in their social and economic circumstances to do so, (SCOR:1979
   

5.4 Leisure

According to Murphy (1981), the concept of leisure has been categorised into time, function, spatial- environment and an integrative   synthesising perspective, holism. What is striking in Murphy’s (1981) categorisation of leisure is that, leisure is not defined as an activity but rather includes time, and attitudes toward time and non work activities. From Murphy’s point of view, the researcher deduces that leisure is free time related, that is, time at the disposal of the individual, during which the individual can spend it as he or she chooses.

5.5 The Youth

The definition of youth by the Readers Digest Universal Dictionary almost shares the same idea with that propounded by Simpson et al. (1989), where it defines youth-age as the time when one is young, the early part or period of life, more specifically, the period from puberty till the attainment of full growth, that is, between childhood and adult age

Rogers, (1985), in her classification of adolescent provided the following categorisation of an adolescent:

12   15 years; early adolescent

15   18 years; middle adolescent

18   22 years; late adolescent

In this study, the term youth, juvenile, and adolescent is used interchangeably. Throughout this study these terms will refer to any unmarried people who falls between the ages of 12 and 22. It is believed by the researcher that this is the most active group of any population. The researcher thinks that it is the role played by the above age groups to recreation, which drove Burton (1968), to say that many sports are largely the province of young persons between the ages of 12 and 25 years.
Since the term youth employs different connotations to various spheres of life, for the purposes of this study, youth refers to unmarried people who are between the ages of 12 and 22. This age group is preferred among others, because it is within this age group where many authors write about early, middle, and late adolescent. Furthermore, this is one age category that seems to be active and forms the large percentage of Umlazi inhabitants.