| Modernization Initiatives
Sultan III. Selim made structural reforms, Sultan II. Mahmut reorganized the army, and
Sultan Abdülmecid made political, artistic and architectural breakthroughs. But their efforts
were not enough to prevent the empire from moving towards collapse.
In the last years of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan II. During the reign of Abdulhamid, a postal
and telegraph network was established and railways and stations were built with the help of
the Germans. Modern-order hospitals and schools were opened and a war academy was
established in Istanbul. Successful officers who managed the army properly during the First
World War were brought up from these schools.
Modernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire did not work because Europe was always one
step ahead of the Ottoman Empire in this regard and the Ottoman Empire could not produce.
Since the Ottoman Empire did not have a financial means to take all the developments in
Europe, the economy began to collapse and this situation caused the problems in the Empire
to grow and new revolts to ocur.
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