Cognome e Nome : CICEK MUSTAFA
Matricola : 197791
OTTOMAN EMPİRE
Foundation Period (1299-1453)
The Ottomans were one of the Turkish principalities established in 1299 (in İznik) after the
collapse of the Anatolian Seljuk State. Its founder is Osman Bey, also known as Osman Gazi.
Having strong rivals in the Anatolian geography, this small principality managed to grow
stronger and expand by making the right moves. The greatest advantage of the Ottomans was
that it was in a position to expand towards the West and there was no union within the
Byzantine Empire at that time. While the Ottomans were still at the level of a principality,
they took advantage of these opportunities with strategic moves.
Bursa was made the capital city after the Ottoman occupation of Bursa during the reign of
Orhan Bey, the 2nd Ottoman Sultan (in 1326)
In 1363, the Janissary warrior union was established by Murad I, the third sultan of the
Ottoman Empire. The soldiers in this warrior unit consisted of small children captured from
regions conquered in the Balkans. These children were trained for war from an early age and
turned into a complete war machine.
In 1389, when 1. Bayezid I took the throne of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman state began
to occupy more lands in Europe and other Turkish principalities in Anatolia also joined the
Ottoman Empire. However, another Turkish emperor Timur, who came from Central Asia
during the 1st Bayezid period, defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1402 Ankara War and the
Ottoman State remained under the Timur Empire for 11 years.
In 1413, Mehmet the 1 regained independence from the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman
state began to get stronger rapidly.