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3. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant is located 14 km to the northwest of the Province of Osmaniye, within the borders of Duzici District and on Ceyhan River. This head is planned to be utilized through upstream Oşkan HEPP and Berkman HEPP. Osmaniye is located in the eastern part, Adana section of the Mediterranean region. It is surrounded by Gaziantep in the east, Adana in the west, Hatay in the south and Kahramanmaraş in the north. Being one of our southern provinces, Osmaniye is quite close to the İskenderun Gulf (20 km) and has no coast. It is a province with a special position through which E-5 that links Turkey to Syria and roads that link the Central Anatolia Region and Mediterranean Region to the Southeastern Anatolia Region pass through. It has a surface area of 3037 km2. Kadirli, Sumbas, Düziçi, Bahçe, Hasanbeyli and Toprakkale are its districts. Population coming from cities is much higher than the one coming from villages in the Province of Osmaniye. The major reason for this is the fact that industry and trade sector is quite developed in the economic structure of the province. The people of the region make their living from agriculture, industry and trade. In the province, plains are wide, irrigation problem is largely solved and agriculture has a large share in the economy as the climate conditions are appropriate for agriculture. Plains occupy large areas particularly in Osmaniye, Kadirli, Toprakkale and Düziçi. Important agricultural products are peanut, cotton, soybean, corn and wheat. Citrus fruits agriculture and greenhouse cultivation have also developed in recent years due to warm winter conditions. The district of Kadirli has an important place in radish production of Turkey. The ponds and streams within the province borders are utilized in the fisheries industry. Osmaniye has an intense commercial activity because of its special location as it is located on important highways and railways. The province of Osmaniye is located to the east of Çukurova. In the eastern part of the city borders lie Amanos Mountain Ranges, which are recognized as the beginning of South-eastern Taurus Mountains and the height of which exceeds 2000 m from place to place while Central Taurus Mountains lie in its north. For this reason, land forms and elevations vary to a great extent even in short distances. In other words, plains with little elevation are next to high mountains. Eastern and northern parts of it are mountainous while southern and western parts are bottom lands which are a continuation of Çukurova. As the central district, Osmaniye is established on a fill land formed by accumulation of materials brought by Hamus Creek and Karaçay that spring from Amanos Mountains (118 m). From place to place volcanic stony areas and basalts are encountered on these fills. Furthermore, the presence of Erzin Mineral Spring in our immediate vicinity and Haruniye Thermal Spring within the Province borders (Hatay) proves that we are on a faulted structure in geological terms. The province of Osmaniye is located in the Mediterranean Region. It has a sultry weather as summers are hot and humidity level is high. For this reason, transhumance has become a life style. Plateaus are accessed in short distance as plains and mountains are side-by-side on the province borders. Its important plateau is Zorkun Plateau, on which various media organizations prepare and present programmes for promotional purposes. Zorkun Plateau is on the Amanos Mountains, has an altitude of 1500 m and can see Syria and Çukurova from a bird’s eye view. Because of its cool weather, natural beauties, cold water resources and as it is at a short distance and has adequate infrastructure services, it has attracted the attention of people of our region and its population reaches 100 thousand in summer months. Certain institutions and organizations arrange various social and cultural events in tableland season on Zorkun Plateau such as Zorkun Child Festival. Apart from Zorkun, the plateaus on the Amanos Mountains are Küreci, Tuztaşı, Dervişpınarı, Mitisin and Fenk plateaus. Almanpınarı, Tutlupınarı and Başpınar plateaus are located in Hasanbeyli district. Furthermore, Maksutoluğu, Çığşar, Akarca; Bağdaş (Sumbas) plateaus on the Central Taurus Mountains are also important plateaus. In the province, the Mediterranean climate, where winters are warm and rainy and summers are hot and dry, is observed.
While snowfall and frost are not observed much in lower plateaus with little elevation, snowy and frosty days are experienced in higher regions. Spoiled Mediterranean climate properties are seen in these parts. Climate properties vary in short distances with the effect of elevation. As a result of this, transhumance is a feature of the region. Vegetation formed three different vegetation zones vertically.
The largest river in the province is Ceyhan River. This river, which springs from inner regions, passes through Osmaniye and flows into the sea from Adana. Other important streams are branches of Ceyhan River, which spring from mountainous areas. These are Karaçay, Hamus, Sumbas, Kesik, Savrun, Kalecik and Sabun Creek. Dams were constructed on some of these creeks for various purposes.
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