Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

THE JAHILIYAH PERIOD (450 A.D. -- 570 A.D.)
The term Jahiiiyah jsually rendered ”time of ignorance”’ or the ”barbarism”’, in reality means cr. period in v nich Arabia had no dispensation, no inspired Prophet, no revealed book; for ignorance and barbarism can hardly be applied to such a cultured and lettered society as that developed by the South Arab.,.
Ayyani-nl-Arab
Unlike the South Arabians the vast majority of the population of North Arabia, including al-Hijaz and Najad, is nomadic. The history of the Bedouins is in the main a record of guerilla wars called Ayyam-ai-Arab (the Days of Arabians), in which there was a great deal of raiding and p.undering but little bloodshed.9 The Ayjani-al-Arab were inter-tribal hostilities generally origin fiom dispute- o1 ir cattle, pasture-lands or springs. TIie> afforded imple opportunity fni plundering and raidir; for tue manifestation of single-handed deeds of heroism by the champions of the contending liibea Uijc! for the exchange of vitriolic statures on the part c1’ the poets, the spokesman of the warring parties. The course of events on each of these ”days”, are reported to us, follows somewhat the same pattern. At first only a few men came to blows with one another inconsequence of some border dispute or personal insult. The quarrel of the few then becomes the business of the whole peace is finally restored by the intervention of some neutral party. The tribe with the fewer casualties pays its adversary blood money for the surplus of dead.
One of the earliest and most famous of these Bedouins wars was the Harb-al-Basus, fought toward the’end of the fifth century of our era between”the Banu-Bakar and their kinsmen the Banu-” aghlib
Sbid
hitti, P.87
Arabia Before Mam
39
in north-eastern Arabia. Both tribes were Christianized and considered themselves descendants of Wali. The conflict arose over nothing more than a she-camel, the property of an old women of Banu-Bakar named Basus, which had been wounded by a Taghlib chief. According to the legendary history of the Ayyam this war was carried on for forty years with reciprocal raiding and plundering, which its flames were fanned by poetical exhortations. Same was the cas» of Dahis and Ghabra.’0