Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

10. Later Umayyad Caliphs (Weakness and their 111 Policies)
Yazid in apprehended greater danger from Marwan, grandson of Mrwan I, who was conqueror of the Caucasus. Marwan occupied Harran in Mesopotamia and sent an army to attack Damascus itself. Yazid in made a compromise by appointing Mar\\an Viceroy of Mesopotamia, Armenia, Mosul and Azerbijan.
S M Imamuddm. P 88
Decline & Fall of the Umayyad Dynasty
457
Soon the Caliph died at the age of forty-six after a short and inglorious reign of six months in Dhu’l Hijjah 126/Sept. 744.
YaZ’d on his death bed nominated his brother, Ibrahim, to succeed hirti- Ibrahim had hardly settled himself, and only partial homage had been done to him when Marwan started from Harran for Damascus and on his way captured Qinnasrin and Hims. He was joined by the Mudars and with 800,000 men he met the royal force numbered 120,000 men mostly Yamanis under Sulayman son of Hisham in a valley between Damascus and Ba’lbak. Marwan pleaded for the cause of the two sons of al-Walid who were in confinement at Damascus but Ibrahim refused to accept any of them and battle ensured. Ibrahim’s force was attacked from the rear and disastrous fight followed. Ibrahim and Sulayman escaped and Damascus fell into the hands of Marwan. After receiving homage, he returned to Harran in Safar 127/Dec 744. Ibrahim and Sulayman submitted.
As he was Qaysi the interests of Kalb and Quda’a above all the Yamni suffered. He was opposed to the Qadariyah sect who preached free will Khariji and Abbasid conspiracy spread throughout the East. Marwan was confronted all around with difficulties which he might have easily solved had his troops remained united but disaffection and tribal jealousies had set in there. Even the loyalist Kalb became disaffected with such a force and it was difficult for him to face the situation. As the capital was shifted from Damascus to Harran, the Syrians joined hands with the parties in opposition to the Caliph. Troubles started at Hims and Tadmor which subsided only after the physical presence of the Caliph. Thabit ibn Nu’aym, the rebel leader of Palestine was executed.