Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Ibn Hazm of Cordova (994-1064 A.D.)
He \\asa wazir and an intimate friend of the Umayyad ruler Abdur Rahman V. and wrote a book on law, in which he drev\ a complete picture of the psychological effect of this profession. In his book of characters and conducts he summed up the social psychology of the Spanish Muslims. His main and most famous work, a critical history of religions and heresies (Kitab al-Fisal fi’lMilal wa ’l-Ahwa wa T-Nihal), was translated into Spanish by Miguel Asin Palacios in five volumes (1927-1932). Ibn Hazm, who had Jewish blood in his veins, was a great philosopher and historian of his time. He lived at Seville, where his books were burnt by King al-Mu’tamid (1069-91). In his Kitab al-Fisal (Magnum Opus) Ibn Hazm attacked both the Ash’artes and the Mu’tazilites.2’ Ibn Bajjah
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Bajjah or Avempace (1085-1 128 or 1138 A.D.), a native of Saragossa and a Tujibid by descent, was an eminent philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, and physician. According to some Arab writers, he surpassed even Ibn Sina and al-Ghazza!i of the East. He wrote the Tadbir alMutawahhid (Regime of the Solitary) and prepared the way for his favourite disciple, Averroes.
Among the Spanish Muslim philosophers Ibn Bajjah, Ibn Tufayl and Ibn Rushd were the outstanding figures. Ibn Bajjah lived under the Murabitun and the other two flourished under the Muwahhidim. Under the influence of al-Ghazzali the Muwahhidun
Ja\\usi. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. P 122

”M*
¥

676 Political and Cultural History of Islam
adopted Kalam doctrines. Ibn Rushd was opposed the mutakallimun who had formulated the dogmas of the Muwahhidun, but none of the Spanish philosophers could be as free as al-Farabi had been in the East. In the event of political chaos renunciation was preached b\ philosophers like Ibn Bajjah. Contrary to Ibn Sina, Ibn Bajjah believed that the individual soul perished with the bod> and that it was the intellect in man which survived.