Сборник материалов международной научной конференции студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов

В.А. Боровикова, Е.А. Лещенко

Республика Беларусь, Брест, БрГТУ

Научный руководитель – О.В. Прокопюк

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ARCHITECTURE

Sustainable design architecture is now becoming ever more relevant. We know that the environment is changing for the worse but we still need more buildings for businesses and homes with our expanding population. That’s why the need to be eco-friendly is becoming more and more important – this means we need to start creating buildings that are powered, or at least partially powered by renewable energy, in order to reduce our carbon footprint. We also need to be mindful of the levels of waste our homes and offices are producing; waste water, trash and emissions can damage the environment and cost a lot of money to dispose of properly – but with on-site water treatment plants and recycling facilities our buildings can become greener!

What exactly is a sustainable design? It’s a wide category, covering everything from energy-efficient appliances to indoor environmental quality.

In 1994, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards were devised by the U.S. Green Building Council to encourage sustainable practices design and development by means of tools and criteria for performance measurement. It is a voluntary, market-driven building rating system based on existing proven technology. The USGBC has established standards for new construction and major renovation. Many building types – schools, offices, retail, health care facilities, and private residences – have been addressed, and standards for neighbourhood development are also in progress.

The five critical areas of focus are sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality.

1. 
   Sustainable site development involves, whenever possible, the reuse of existing buildings and the preservation of the surrounding environment. The incorporation of earth shelters, roof gardens, and extensive planting throughout and around buildings is encouraged.
   
2. 
   Water is conserved by a variety of means including the cleaning and recycling of gray (previously used) water and the installation of building-by-building catchments for rainwater. Water usage and supplies are monitored.
   
3. 
   Energy efficiency can be increased in a variety of ways, for example, by orienting buildings to take full advantage of seasonal changes in the sun’s position and by the use of diversified and regionally appropriate energy sources, which may –depending on geographic location – include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, water, or natural gas.
   
4. 
   The most desirable materials are those that are recycled or renewable and those that require the least energy to manufacture. They ideally are locally sourced and free from harmful chemicals. They are made of nonpolluting raw ingredients and are durable and recyclable.
   
5. 
   Indoor environmental quality addresses the issues that influence how the individual feels in a space and involves such features as the sense of control over personal space, ventilation, temperature control, and the use of materials that do not emit toxic gases.
   

Council House 2 (also known as CH2) is an excellent example of sustainable design architecture. CH2 has been designed to not only conserve energy and water, but improve the wellbeing of its occupants through the quality of the internal environment of the building. CH2 demonstrates a new approach to workplace design, creating a model for others to learn from and follow.

This office building is located in Melbourne, Australia. It is occupied by the City of Melbourne council. In April 2005, became the first purpose-built office building in Australia to achieve a maximum Six Green Star rating, certified by the Green Building Council of Australia.

The design follows a model that promotes a more interactive role between the city and nature, in which all parties depend on each other.

Energy efficiency in CH2 is achieved through an integrated set of features focusing on heating, cooling and water reuse. Elements that work together to achieve this goal include: design based on ecology and climate, natural light, cooling system, heating system, vaulted concrete ceilings, western timber shutters, window treatment, water conservation, energy generation, CH2 waste management.

Another bright example of a building featuring state-of-the-art sustainable technologies and elements such as heat-reducing windows and motion sensors that automatically activate lights is Tree House, located in a quiet corner of Singapore’s District 23. It is a 24-storey condo building that boasts the world’s largest vertical garden. The vertical garden will reduce the estate’s carbon footprint by filtering pollutants and carbon dioxide out of the air. The green exterior wall will reduce heat absorption, which could result in energy savings of between 15 and 30 percent.

Tree House has full and unique facilities, which include a guard house, clubhouse, feast pavilion, swimming pool, floating hammock, jet pool, indoor gym, aqua gym, sun deck, plunge pool, junior pool, bubble walk, water play, rain spa, whisper garden, amphitheater, reflexology walk, meditation walk, family alfresco, chestnut tree house, tree top walk, misty creek cascade, multi-purpose plaza, secret spring pavilion, forest walk, play lawn, jogging track, outdoor fitness area, flower gazebo, discovery pond, children’s playground, multi-purpose court, tennis court and skating rink.

Tree House in Singapore just set a new Guinness World Record with the world's largest vertical garden. The building’s green wall measures 24,638.59 square feet and is expected to save more than $500,000 in energy and water costs annually.

Singapore has increasingly encouraged property and architecture firms to adopt energy-saving technologies that include rainwater harvesting and sun-shading exteriors.

Today, when industry is expanding and the world’s supply of non-renewable resources is slowly growing rarer and more expensive sustainable design architecture is becoming more than an environmentally friendly option: it becomes a necessary step in how we live our lives. Clean energy technology is more advanced than ever before. Starting to invest in constructing eco-friendly buildings now might be expensive, but with the amount you save on electricity and other utilities with these buildings we will start to make this money back over time. We're investing in our children’s future, and the health of our earth in the future!

1. 
   Council House 2 [Electronic resource] // Specifier. – Mode of access: https://http://www.specifier.com.au/projects/offices/34523/Council-House2.html. – Date of access: 10.03.2015.
   
2. 
   Council House 2 [Electronic resource] // Wikipedia. – Mode of access: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_House_2. – Date of access: 12.03.2015.
   
3. 
   20 Most Eco-Friendly Buildings on Earth [Electronic resource] // Process Industry Forum. - Mode of access: http://www.processin dustryforum.com/hottopics/20-most-eco-friendly-buildings-on-earth. – Date of access: 15.03. 2015.
   

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и перспективы развития экологического направления в строительстве уникальных зданий. Авторы исследуют значимость данного направления и анализируют существующий опыт создания и эксплуатации биопозитивных (экологичных) зданий и сооружений.