Search York

which her said Council, for that purpose, sent their letters

also to them. And, finally, she seemed not to doubt of their

success : and that upon their very access to the place where

these seditions were got together, they would soon faint and

despair, or receive their punishments. This letter, being

an original, may not be improper to be preserved. See the

Numb. II. Catalogue.
She is aided Mary had retired upon the King's death into the parts of
testaots Suffolk and Norfolk ; there making what strength she could

to seat herself on the throne, and to oppose the army that

was sent against her, headed by the Duke of Northumber-

land, father-in-law to the Lady Jane, now set up for Queen.

The two great counties aforesaid afforded many that ga-

thered themselves together, and took up arms to aid Queen

Mary. For though the people of Suffolk and Norfolk were

generally professors and favourers of the Gospel ; yet the

consideration that she was established by the King her fa-

ther and the Parliament, to be successor to her brother, and

heir to the crown after him ; and their knowledge from the

word of God, that obedience was therefore due to her,

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 17

made them vigorously assist her with their lives. And so CHAP,

they professed in the supplication they put up afterwards.

to her Commissioners: " We protest before God, we think Ann0 1553 -

" if the holy word of God had not taken some root among And y *
" us, we could not in time past have done that poor duty of
" ours, which was done in assisting the Queen, our most
" dear Sovereign, against her Grace's mortal foe, that then
" sought her destruction. It was our bounden duty : and
" we thank God for the knowledge of his word and grace,
'¦' that we then did some part of our bounden service."
Thus they. So that it was neither the popish interest, nor
the people's zeal for papal religion, that placed the Queen
upon the throne, as Parsons most falsely speaks in one of
his books, where he hath these words : M The only zeal of 1 1
" the common Catholic people for recovering; the use of Thr f e Con -
1 r ° versions,
" Catholic religion again, overthrew all, and placed Queen part i. p.

" Mary, as is notorious to the world." Whereas it is noto- 2 3 *

rious to the world, that they were Protestants chiefly that

placed her in her kingdom ; and the consideration of her

religion did but little advance her designs. For at this time

the interest of the Papists was but little ; and the people

generally was earnestly disposed to, and highly pleased with

King Edward's reformation.

So that the generality of the Protestants did readily re- Bishop Rid-

ceive Mary to be their Sovereign : yet many others there ^j y °j an e.

were for the Lady Jane, rather because she was one who and why.

would have maintained the good religion settled by King

Edward. Some of these were Ridley, Bishop of London ;

Sir John Cheeke; Dr. Sandys, Vice-Chancellor of Cam-

bridge. There was yet a third sort, that held all govern-

ment by women unlawful ; especially if they were idolaters.

These spake of two notes set down in Scripture to know,

whether a prince be chosen of God, or no: and those notes

given by God to Israel. " The one was, if he were a man Goodman's

" that had the fear of God before his eyes, and zealously 00 ' p ' ° '

" stood to set forth the same. For this cause God willed,

" that he should be chosen from among his brethren, and

VOL. III. c

18 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " be no stranger; because such had not the fear of God.

_ " And therefore they inferred, it was manifest he was not

Anno 1 553. « c hosen by God that was such an one: nor, as they went

" on, ought he to be anointed or elected the peopled king

" or governor, what right or title soever he seemed to have

" thereunto by civil policy ; except he be a promoter and

" setter forth of God's law and glory : for which cause

" chiefly this office was ordained.*"

Some The second rule was, " that he should be one of his

woman's " brethren, meaning of the Israelites: partly, to exclude the

government a oppression and idolatry which would come in by strangers;

" and partly, for that strangers could not bear such a na-

" tural zeal to strange realms and people, as became brethren;

" but chiefly, to avoid that monster in nature, and disorder

" among men, which was the empire and government of a

" woman; saying expressly, From the middle of thy brethren

" shalt thou choose thee a king: and xio\,Jrom among thy

" sisters. For God is not contrary to himself, which at the

" beginning appointed the woman to be in subjection to

" her husband, and the man to be the head of the woman,

" as saith the Apostle ; who would not permit the woman

" so much as to speak in the assembly of men, much less to

" be a ruler of a realm or nation. If women be not per-

" mitted by civil policies to rule in inferior offices, to be

" counsellors, peers of a realm, justices, sheriffs, bailiff's, and

" such like; I make yourselves judges,'" saith this author,

" whether it be meet for them to govern whole realms and

" nations." These were the fancies of some, though but

few; and they John Knox's disciples; whose conceit in

this point chiefly sprung, I presume, from the fears they

apprehended of the severity of the Lady Mary's govern-

ment, and of her marrying a foreigner.

The Papists But the Papists, on the other hand, did now especially,

Lady Mary. as tne y ^d not ceased to do before, (to bear her up in the

esteem of the people,) highly extol her. They bruited

1 2 much abroad, in all companies, her sobriety, her mercy, and

the love she had to the commonwealth of this kingdom.

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 19

They called her a mirror for these virtues. They delighted CHAP,

to style her Mary the virgin, nay, blasphemously, the most *

blessed virgin. Ann ° '553.

Now, while all was in confusion and disturbance, every The fears

one running to arms, as he stood affected either to Jane or testants.

Mary ; and the realm seemed generally to verge towards

the latter ; great were the fears and anxieties that possessed

the hearts of the best men, and such as loved King Ed-

ward^ reformation. For they were very apprehensive, that

the good religion and pious orders established in his reign

were going to wreck. They dreaded Mary's marriage with

some popish foreigner ; and they foresaw how she, being so

nearly related to the Emperor, that professed enemy of re-

formation, would take her measures of rule and government

by his influence and direction. The faithful preachers very The subject

painfully, in their several places, set before the people their f u / 'reach-'

imminent danger, and shewed them, that this judgment of ers' dis-

the loss of their excellent King was come upon them for

their unprofitableness under those opportunities of grace

and spiritual knowledge they enjoyed under him ; and that

this was the effect of God's angry hand. They exhorted

them much to steadfastness, and by no means to comply

with the popish superstitions that were now ready to break

in upon them. Which if they did, they assured them utter

destruction was at hand : otherwise, that there was a door

open, after some sorrowful days, for their deliverance.
Knox, the Scotchman, who was one of the chief preachers Knox

of the nation then, at this time, and for some time before, Ai'nersnam

preached in Buckinghamshire: and just while the great tumult

was in England, and Sir Edward Hastings, Sir Edmund Peck-

ham, and others, were busy in that county raising forces, he

preached at Amersham before a great assembly: where, with

sorrowful heart and weeping eyes, (as he tells us of himself,) His book

he fell into this exclamation : " O England ! now is God's A p^thful

" wrath kindled against thee; now hath he begun to punish, Admoni-

" as he hath threatened a long while by his true prophets and

" messengers. He hath taken from thee the crown of thy

" glory, and hath left thee without honour, as a body with-

c2

20 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " out a head. And this appeareth to be only the beginning

" of sorrows, which appear to increase. For I perceive that

Anno i553.« the heart, the tongue, and hand of one Englishman is

" bent against another, and division to be in the whole

" realm : which is an assured sign of desolation to come. O

" England, England ! dost thou not consider, that thy

" commonwealth is like a ship sailing on the sea ? If thy

" mariners and governors shall one consume another, shalt

" thou not suffer shipwreck in short process of time ? O

" England, England ! alas ! these plagues are poured upon

" thee, for that thou wouldest not know the most happy

" time of thy gentle visitation. But wilt thou yet obey the

" voice of thy God, and submit thyself to his holy word ?

" Truly,, if thou wilt, thou shalt find mercy in his sight, and

" the state of thy commonweal shall be preserved. But, O

" England, England I if thou obstinately wilt return into

13 " Egypt, that is, if thou contract marriage, confederacy, or

" league with such princes as do maintain and advance

" idolatry, such as the Emperor, which is no less enemy

" unto Christ, than ever was Nero ; if for the pleasure and

" friendship of such princes, I say, thou return to thine old

" abominations before used under Papistry ; then, assured-

" ly, O England ! thou shalt be plagued and brought to

" desolation, by the means of those whose favour thou seek-

" est, and by whom thou art procured to fall from Christ,

" and to serve Antichrist." These were the lessons now

inculcated upon the people.

Mary pro- Mary, therefore, the only child surviving of Queen Ka-

Queen. tharine of Spain, King Henry^s first wife, succeeded Queen

of England; one very much addicted to the Pope and

papal superstitions. She, or rather some of her friends in

London for her, on the 19th day of July, that is, thirteen

days after King Edward's death, issued out a procla-

mation, entitling herself supreme Head of the Churches of

England and Ireland, signifying to her loving subjects,

" that she took upon her the crown imperial of the realms

" of England and Ireland, and title of France ; and that

" she was in lawful and just possession of the same: assur-

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 21

" ing them, that in reputing and taking her for their na- CHAP.
" tural liege sovereign Lady and Queen, they should find '
" her their benign and gracious Lady, as others her most Anno 1553.
" noble progenitors had been. 11 But Grafton, the printer Grafton the
of this proclamation, found her not so ; soon after turning p
him out of his place of printing state-papers, (which he
seems to have had by letters patents from King Edward, or
his father,) and constituting John Cawood her printer in
his room. And this, no question, because Grafton was a
Protestant, and had printed the Bible in English, and the
public books of religion in the former reign : nor was this
all the hard measure he found ; for the next month he was
clapped up in prison.
She was proclaimed between five and six of the clock in The P locla -
the afternoon, by four trumpeters and three heralds of arms, tended with
There were present the Earls of Arundel, Shrewsbury, muchsp, . en "

1 . d° r aut i J o y>

Pembroke, also the Lord Treasurer, Lord Privy Seal, Lord
Cobham, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Sir John Ma-

son, the Lord Mayor, and divers other noblemen. This

proclamation was published at the Cross in Cheap : from

whence they went unto St. Paul's ; and there was sung Te

Deum laudamiis, with songs, and the organs playing. All

the bells throughout London rung; every street enlight-

ened with bonfires, and every where tables set out furnished

with beer and wine for all comers ; and much money thrown

about. By which significations the people shewed their

complacency in the right legal heir's succession.

The Duke of Northumberland, who was departed a few Mortbum-

days ago with a force against the Queen, to establish his be . rland

^ & , & seized.
daughter-in-law, (who, by his means, was seated upon the

throne,) thought he had secured all at home : but the no-

bles, as soon as he was gone, and some of them his confi-

dents, turned about for Mary. And on the 21st of July,

the Duke being then in Cambridge, was seized as a traitor,

with divers lords and knights in his company. And, on

the same day, was Queen Mary proclaimed in the same 14

town ; and so throughout all England. And thus, on a

sudden, all that fine-spun laboured artifice of constituting
c 3

22 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, a new Queen, contrary to a law in force, came to nothing,

and brought ruin upon the contrivers.

Anno 155a. And as one had been pillorized for speaking some words

One |)il!o- J .
dzed. for Queen Mary, on the 11th of this month; so, on the
29th of the same, a fellow was set on the pillory for speak-

ing somewhat against her.

Lady F.iiza- The same day the Lady Elizabeth came out of the coun-
l)i-tli comes , . ii- ii
to London. tr y» to De ready to congratulate her sister, and now her

sovereign ; riding through London, along Fleet-street, and

so to the Duke of Somerset's place, which now belonged

Cott.Libr. unto her; being attended, saith the MS. with 2000 horse,

F. 5. ' *' w ' tn spears, and bows, and guns, and other weapons.

Among the rest in her retinue were Sir John Williams,

Sir John Bridges, (both of them afterwards made noble,)

Mr. Chamberlain, all in green, guarded either with white

velvet, satin, taffeta, and cloth, according to their qualities.

The Queen The Queen's pieces on the French shore soon complied,

at Guisnes. an< ^ followed the example of England, excepting that the

Lord Gray of Wilton, chief captain of Guisnes, had stood

with Jane's party against the Queen ; for he went along

with the Duke of Northumberland. Notwithstanding, Sir

Richard Windebank, deputy of Guisnes, William Sparrow,

chief constable, and Walter Vaughan, chief porter, and

other officers there, proclaimed Queen Mary, by the four

or five and twentieth day of July. Which, by their letters,

dated July 25, they took care to signify to the Queen : and

withal, as though they had done no otherwise than the

Lord Gray, their chief, would have approved of, they men-

tioned in their said letter their experience of his honour,

fidelity, and service toward the crown of England; and

therefore, concluding the rumours that went of him, of his

being in arms against the Queen's person, to be false. They

promised her to hold that piece for her service, and in her

right and title, until she should otherwise declare her plea-

sure. Sir Anthony Aucher, high marshal of Calais, had

lately been appointed, (perhaps by Northumberland and

his party,) to go to Guisnes, for the better aid and security

of that place. But these officers would not admit him, nor

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 23

any other person, to bear rule there, until they had re- CHAP,

ceived instructions from her Majesty. Henry Duddley, a

relation and creature of the Duke, and in with him, had, Anno 1553.

with four servants and certain letters, escaped, and got hi-

ther to Guisnes. Him these officers detained, seizing his

men and letters ; which they sent by a special messenger to

the Queen, keeping him in sure custody till her pleasure

were further known. All this they declared to her in their

letter, protesting their steadfast loyalty and obedience.

Which letter may be seen in the Catalogue. Duddley was Numb. in.

soon after conveyed to Calais, and so to England.
As soon as these confusions were appeased, and arms Dr. Haddon

laid down, and Mary acknowledged Queen, Dr. Walter , ates the

Haddon, that excellent poet as well as orator, congratu- Q" een in

lated her with a copy of verses : which were so well taken,

that, I conjecture, to this it was that his peace and safety 1 5

under her reign must be attributed, being himself a good

Protestant. In these verses he acknowledged it the singu-

lar mei*cy of God to England, that the war was so happily

ended, and the storm so well ceased. He set out elegantly

the sad condition the kingdom was newly recovered out of,

occasioned by the ambition of ruling, which some had been

lately affected with : how the Council were divided among

themselves, the nobility raged, the commons murmured, as

they stood affected ; routs and disturbances every where ;

thus described by him :
Cum ratione fiiror pugnat, cum jure libido,

Vis trahit invitos, armis terretur honestas,

Officium pavor, et verum violentiajrangit.

O tenebras regni sjnssas ! tempora dura !

But that after this, God looked down and pitied the nation,
quelled the wars, checked the commotions, restored joyful
peace, calmed the minds of the people, and united their
jarring spirits, by the setting Mary upon her throne. And
then the poet addresseth himself to her with divers good
monitories and seasonable counsels; but tenderly and in- Hl « counsel
• , to her
offensively propounded : viz. that she would assist towards therein.
c 4

24 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

(HAP. the repairing the broken condition of the state; that as she

was the heir of her brother's kingdom, so she would be of

Anno 1553. his piety ; that she would preserve justice, spare the hum-

ble, crush the proud, honour virtue and learning, defend

her good subjects, punish slander, and love her people, that

she might be loved again by them : to remember, that the

King her brother was taken off' by death, and that though

she his sister was a Queen, yet she must die too. And,

lastly, he concludes his poem with invocation to the Deity,

that the God who had placed her on the throne of her an-

cestors, would imbue her heart with divine dispositions, al-

ways to lift up her eyes to him ; and that the whole com-

munity might live in love and peace, and serve God in con-

cord. But he that will have the elegancy and spirit of the

poem, must read it as it fell from Haddon's own pen : which

Numb. IV. hath inclined me to lay it in the Catalogue.
Q. Jane's Now were many of Queen Jane's friends, and Northum-
party made |j er ] anc p s creatures, made prisoners. And July 25, being;
prisoners. 1 JO
St. James's day, these persons following were brought from

Cambridge to London, and so to the Tower: first, Dr.

Sandys, priest, who had preached at Cambridge in favour

of Queen Jane's title: next him, Sir Thomas Palmer, Sir

Herry Gates, Sir John Gates, Captain of the guards to

King Edward ; Sir Andrew Duddley, the Duke of Northum-

berland's brother ; the Lord Herry Duddley, Lord Am-

brose Duddley, John Earl of Warwick, the said Duke's

three sons; the Lord Hastings, the Earl of Huntingdon; and

lastly, the Duke himself; attended with 4000 men, besides

the guard. On the next day, the Marquis of Northampton,

the Lord Robert Duddley, another of the Duke's sons, the

Bishop of London, and Sir Richard Corbet, were committed

to the Tower. And after came in the Lord Chief Justices

Cholmely and Mountague, at five of the clock. And on

l(jthe next day, viz. the 27th, were committed to the same

place, the Duke of Suffolk, Sir John Cheeke, Sir Anthony

Cook, and Sir John York, mint-master : but the said Duke

on the 31st day was delivered again, (not on the 21st, as it

is mistaken in Holingshed's history;) which came to pass

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 25

by the earnest intercession of his Duchess. And, the same CHAP,

day, the Earl of Rutland and the Lord Russel wereiput in.

hold in the Fleet. Anno 155a -

The Queen was not yet come to London ; but about the s « e comes

latter end of July she was arrived as near as Wansted house.

house in Essex ; (which then belonged, I think, to the

Lord Rich ;) where she took up her rest for a few days, in

order to her entrance into the City. And there flocked unto

her there great numbers of her nobility and gentry. On

the 28th day, in the afternoon, most of the Lords of her

Council repaired to her. Yet some few, for the necessary

carrying on of business, tarried at Westminster ; and among

the rest, the Earl of Shrewsbury and Secretary Petre. In The French

this interval, the French ambassador desired audience at desires au-

their hands ; and was answered, that he might be sure to dience '

be at all times welcome, but that the board was not so full

as for the presence of such an estate were requisite, by rea-

son of a number of the same that were that afternoon de-

parted ; referring, nevertheless, his coming or staying to

his own mind or pleasure. On the next morning, July 29,

his secretary brought word again from him to the Council,

that understanding the departure of part of the Council to

her Highness, he was contented to take patience until their

return : and in the mean time desired to know, where her

Grace was ? and when they thought she would be at Lon-

don ? minding either to-morrow, or the next day, to make

his repair towards her Majesty. He was answered, that

for her coming, themselves were as yet uncertain ; but upon

Monday they trusted to give more sure knowledge thereof.

The ambassador desired also a passport for a gentleman

to go into Scotland with a packet of letters. Answer was

made, that they would declare his request to her Highness^

Council attending upon her person : and upon answer to

them, such order should be taken, as by them they should

understand to be her pleasure. For they were loath, as they

wrote to the Council attending the Queen, to do more