Search York

" tales of the King or the Queen, should be set upon the

" pillory, if it fortuned to be said without any city or

** town corporate ; but if within any city or town corporate,

" then to have both his ears cut off, unless he paid 100/. to

" the King within a month.
" If any spake any seditious news, rumours, or tales, to

" the slander of the King or Queen, of the speaking or re-

" porting of others, he was to be set upon the pillory, if it

" fortuned to be without any city or town corporate ; if it

" happened to be within, then to have one of his ears cut

" off, unless he pay 100 mark to the King and Queen

" within a month after the judgment given. But if any

*' should set forth a book or ballad, rhyme, letter, &c. to

" the slander and reproach of the King or Queen, or to the

" enraging and stirring of any insurrection, or should pro-

" cure any such book or ballad, &c. to be set forth, his

" right hand was to be stricken off. And if they offended

" again, to be imprisoned during their lives." As these

severe laws shewed the severity of the government, so like-

wise how discontented the people were at this Spanish

match, by the multitude of abusive writings against it, that

they were fain to have them restrained by such kind of

laws.
The city was to contribute a great part towards this so_

o 4

200 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

i HAP. lemnity, the new married Prince being to pass through it.

Therefore, in the month of June, earnest preparations were

Anno i554. ma ki n g f or j,j s rece p t i on . As first of all, June the 4th, all

tions in the gibbets were taken down in all places in London and

* he c ' ty the suburbs, having stood there ever since February, to the

Prince's re- terrifying and disgracing of the city ; and might have stood

ce P 10n - longer still, had it not been very convenient to have them

out of sight upon the triumphal entrance of Philip. On

the same day the mayor and aldermen ordered a scaffold to

be made about the fair cross in Cheap, for the repairing

and gilding of it against the Prince's coming. At the same

time a fifteenth and an half was granted by the mayor, al-

dermen, and common council, to be laid upon the commons,

forthwith to be raised towards the charges in preparing the

city for the said Prince. Ordered also by the same, that

two aldermen should watch every night, and one or two

constables till three or four in the morning, for fear, as it

seems, of some disturbances among the citizens, in detesta-

tion of this Spanish affair. On the 9th day, the said cross

in Cheap was covered with canvass from the foot to the top,

in order to the repairing of it, as was aforesaid, and for the

preserving it from soil after it was done, that its first splen-

did appearance might be preserved for the joyful day.

July 19, Philip, Prince of Spain, arrived at Southamp-

ton, being Thursday.

Proclama- J u ]y oj^ by ten f tne d^k was proclaimed through
tion for the T , . 1 t-» • i> o iii o
nobility to London, that the Prince of Spam was landed at Southamp-

meet the ton? ana « fa^ every peer, lord, and lady of quality, should

2 28 resort un to her Grace's city of Winchester with all speed,

to her Grace's wedding. The same afternoon a command

was issued from the Lord Mayor, that every one should

make bonfires in every street where they dwelt. This night,

in many places, tables were set, and plenty of good liquor

for all comers, till ten o'clock at night, together with ring-

ing of bells and pastimes. On the 23d of July, it was com-

manded, that every parish in London should go in proces-

sion, and to sing Te Deum also in every parish, and that

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 201

there should be ringing of bells, being the day the Prince CHAP,

departed from Southampton to Winchester, where he was XIV-

to meet the Queen. Anno 1554.

Harpsfield, the Bishop of London's chaplain, was put The King's

up to preach at Paul's Cross, July 29, being the next Sun- JJJJJb?^

day after the wedding day. And he prayed in his beads pronounced

for the King and the Queen, Philip and Mary, by the cross.

grace of God King and Queen of England, France, Naples,

Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith ; Princes of

Spain and Sicily ; Archdukes of Austrich ; Dukes of Mi-

lain, Burgundy, and Brabant ; Counts of Haspurge, Flan-

ders, and Tyrole. And Aug. 1, the King and Queen were

proclaimed in London, with all these their titles: which

were greatly augmented when the Emperor, his father, re-

signed and laid aside his empire : for then thus ran his swell-

ing style; Philip, by the grace of God, King of Castile,

Aragon, the two Sicilies, Jerusalem, Navar, Granado, To-

ledo, Valentia, Gallicia, Malerca, Sivil, Serdova, Cordova,

Mursia, Corsiga, Jaen, Algarve, Algasica, Giberaltarre, the

islands of the Canaries, the islands of the Indies and of the

ocean seas ; Archduke of Austria ; Marquess of Oreston,

Errel, Barsillonia, Biscay, Molina; Duke of Burgoign,

Brabant, Milain ; Lord of Flaunders and Tirole. And

his revenues were prodigiously great within his own realms,

in lands, rents, and customs, and other profits, besides the

West Indies, and other dominions, as Italy, and the like :

being accounted nine millions yearly, accounting a million

at 100,000 dollars; which, at 5s. the dollar, is sterling

2,475,000/. The truth is, I think, he was the greatest

Prince in Europe ; and yet neither the Queen nor the realm

was the better for him, but much the worse, as appeared in

the sequel : and would have proved still much worse had

the Queen lived.

For it was well enough known afterwards, that the great Philip de-

drift of this Prince by this match was, to let himself this m °^ h ° im

way into the possession of the kingdom : which the Lord sclf master

Burghley, in a letter of his to a nobleman of Scotland, de-

202 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, clared in these words : " It is well known how he [the King

XIV- " of Spain] had figured himself an empire over all this part

Anno 1554. " of the world; what plots he laid for the compassing

" thereof. A foundation was laid for the subduing of this

" land in Queen Mary's time, he being then our King in

" right of his wife. The conquest was fully concluded after-

" ward under colour of religion ; as by the Prince of Orange,

" then of the Privy Council, it was since revealed. But his

" designs were broke by the seasonable death of Queen

" Mary his wife." Thus that great statesman,

charge But when the match was by Parliament consented to,

civUenter- (which had cost a rebellion, and many men's lives already,)

tainment of anc { several articles were adjusted about it, (one whereof

niards. Bishop Ridley, when in prison, could not but take notice

of in a letter to Bradford, viz. that the King was to be pro-

tector of the Prince to be born,) great preparations were

making every where, as well as in London, for an honour-

129 able entertainment of him. And the Queen perceiving well

how illy affected the people generally were to the Spaniards,

and fearing quarrels between them and the English, that

could not abide their haughty and scornful behaviour, is-

sued out her proclamation, " that all the strangers that ac-

" companied the Prince into England, should be used with

" all courtesy and friendly entertainment by her subjects,

" giving them no cause of strife or contention, either by

" their deeds, words, or countenance. She commanded also

" all noblemen and gentlemen to take order with their ser-

" vants herein, upon pain to be committed to prison with-

" out bail or mainprise, and to abide further punishment

" by fine or otherwise." This proclamation may be found

Numb. xv. in the Catalogue.

The Queen Her Majesty also took care to get as great a court and
the noble- shew of nobility about her as could be, against her meeting
men to be f the Prince. To the Lord Clinton, lord admiral, she
writ to be ready to repair unto her upon the arrival of the
Prince of Spain, having heard that he was embarked at the
Groyne, July 17. To the Lord Darcy of Chich, June 21,

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 203

she also directed letters to wait upon her person upon the CHAP,

said Prince's arrival ; as she did to many other of the peers, '__

being absent. Anno 1554 -

And to adorn this royal wedding the more, and to recon- His genea-

cile the English nation the better to it, books and epithala- j° g h y a ™ m

miums were written in the praise of the Spanish Prince : Gaunt,

among the rest, was a book made of his genealogy, shewing

how he was sprung from English royal blood, even from

John a Gaunt, a son of the victorious Edward III. From

whom also it was shewn, that she, his royal consort, was

derived also ; that so,

Inque suumjbntem regia stirps redeat,

as it ran in one of the verses. For John of Gaunt had a

son, who was Earl of Somerset. That Earl of Somerset

had John Duke of Somerset. That Duke had a daughter,

who was Margaret Duchess of Richmond : from whence

sprung Henry VII. her son, and from him Henry VIII.

the father of Queen Mary : all which, Whyte, bishop of

Lincoln, had handsomely comprised in a copy of verses,

which are preserved in Fox. This Whyte had been Bi-Acts, p.

shop Gardiner's chaplain, who set him on work. But Mr. lo37.

Bale somewhere taking notice of this, threw in something

that was enough to spoil all this flattery. It was a passage His dccia-

taken out of Tho. Walsino-ham, a monk of St. Alban's, ™ t[on , of
^ ' ' Boner's
concerning a friar, named Walter Dyss, who was employed Artici.

to bring in a false issue of John a Gaunt ; Potestas concre- ° ' 9 '

ditur, writes he, inaudita Waltero de Dyss, ut ad Ducis

Lancastrice prqfectioncm conducerct,kc. Whereupon, saith

Bale, " If that were well known, how it first came to pass

" by the crafty conveyance of a friar, they might seem to

" have small honour of that clerkly conveyed genealogy,

" [which the Bishop of Winchester and his friends had

" now published.} 1 ' The narration of this cheat, Bale adds,

is plain in Walsingham's book De Schismate Ecclesice.

But at last the Queen got an husband, after she had been Nine mo-

proffered in marriage by her father no less than eight times tl0ns . of

° J _ ¦» marriage
before, and as often put off": (besides once in her brother's for this

time, viz. 1549, to the Infant of Portugal :) namely, first, to J. a e ^, nsuc "

204 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, the Daulphin, son to Francis, anno 1518, when she was but

• two years old. After that, to the Emperor Charles, anno

Anno 1554.1522. Then to the King of Scotland. A fourth time, to

King Francis : and a fifth, to the Duke of Orleans, in the

year 1527. This motion also went off, or was delayed at

that time ; and the matter moved again about the year

1535, or 1536, as I conjecture. At this time, as I find by

130 a Council-paper, the King demanded, that the Duke should

be brought into England, and live here, to be instructed in

the English language and manners of the people ; the King

then intending to advance her to the crown imperial of this

realm. The French ambassadors, Mons. de Tarbe and

Pomeray, would by no means yield to this, nor that he

should stay but a month or two at a time. And they de-

manded, that the King should make and declare the Lady

Mary legitimate, that she might be preferred in the succes-

sion before any of his daughters. But this the Council, in

the King's name, would by no means condescend unto : so

that in fine this also came to nothing. The sixth proffer

of her was to Don Louis of Portugal, in the year 1538, in

the terms she then was, excluded by act of Parliament from

all claim of succession. The seventh time, to Charles, the

youngest son of Francis, the French King, in the 33d of

King Henry's reign, annoque Dom. 1541. When, Feb. 27,

the King granted a commission to the Duke of Norfolk,

William Earl of Southampton, the Bishops of Winchester

and Durham, and to the Lord Winchelsey, to treat with

the French King about it. Once more (but the date uncer-

tain) she was upon the point of marriage to one of the Ger-

Viteiiius, man Princes, viz. the Count Palatine. The treaty whereof

c - ie - is extant in a volume of the Cotton library.

This Spa- But now being thirty-eight years old, and having the

miha ma y. Ch sole cus P ose of herself, she matched herself to Philip the

Spaniard, she being half a Spaniard, viz. by her mother.

A great personage indeed he was, being an Emperor's son,

and the greatest prince of birth and possessions in all Chris-

tendom. But yet a most unhappy match, both because it

was the cause of the losing of Calais, and so exceedingly

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 205

disliked by her subjects, who could not endure the Spa- CHAP,

niards, as the Spaniards could not endure them : who yet

were forced to serve the Spaniards 1 turn to their irreparable Anno ,554 -

detriment.
But meeting at Winchester, in the cathedral they were The wed-

married, on Wednesday, July 25, being St. James's day, ^"fedl*"

the Spanish saint, by the Bishop of that church : of whom Winchester,

we have said so much, and shall say more, making such a

figure in these times. The royal wedding dinner was kept

there, the King and Queen dining in the hall of the Bi-

shop's palace, sitting under the cloth of state, and none else

at the table. The nobility sat at the side-tables. The gen-

tlemen pensioners were the chief servitors, to carry the meat.

And the Earl of Sussex, their captain, was the sewer. The

second course at the marriage of a King is given unto the

bearers. So was the meat now, but not the dishes; for

they were of gold. The Spaniards were greatly out of

countenance for their dancing, especially King Philip danc-

ing with the Queen, when they saw the Lord Bray, Mr.

Carow, and others, so far exceed them.

The triumph being ended, after they had been first at They pass

Windsor, and then at Richmond, they came in their barges tr ™ m P h "

to Southwark, that they might enter London triumphantly through

the next day. So having laid one night at Suffolk-place,

called also Southwark-house, on Saturday the 19th of Au-

gust, they both rode over the bridge through London to

Whitehall. In the city they were received with pageants

and all manner of splendour. But something in the fine

painting upon the conduit in Gracechurch-street was taken

such notice of, that it had like to have cost the painter

dear. The picture represented the nine worthies ; whereof

King Henry VIII. was one, who, according to former

draughts of him, was pictured with a book in his hand, and

Verbum Dei wrote upon it: which the Lord Chancellor

esteemed as a reflection upon the good Catholic religion

that was now restored again; which, it seems, was very 131

jealous of the Bible. Hereupon the painter was sent for,

and chidden; and commandment immediately given, that

206 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, the book should be wiped out, and a pair of gloves put in

the place. But London had little joy of these guests. For

Anno 1554. shortly after began a cruel persecution here against the

preachers and earnest professors and followers of the Gospel,

and a searching of men's houses for their books. For now

many were written and printed privately, when sermons

were forbidden, for the confirmation of men in the re-

formed doctrine and profession. But that we shall hear

more of in the seqviel of our story.

Latymer's And now that happened which old Latymer feared or

foreigner's foretold in one of his sermons before King Edward, in the

becoming vear 1549. He spake of that terrible sense that was upon

England, the nation in general, if either she or her sister should marry

a foreigner : whereby a foreigner might come to wield the

English sceptre, a thing the nation could not endure. And

if it so should happen that any of them should marry a

stranger, he wished that, though they were both to succeed

First ser- to the crown, they never should. " O, what a plague

mon before ti were \t S3L [^ he, (bv occasion of that passage of Moses,

the King. x J » x 1
" Thou must not set a stranger over thee,) that a strange

" king, of a strange land, and of a strange religion, should

" reign over us ! Where now we be governed in the true

" religion, he would extirp and pluck away all together,

" and then plant again all abomination and Popery. God

" keep such a king from us. Well, the King's Grace hath

" sisters, my Lady Mary and my Lady Elizabeth, which

" by succession and course are inheritors to the crown ; who

" if they should marry with strangers, what should ensue

" God knoweth. But God grant, if they so do, whereby

" strange religion may come in, that they never come to

" coursing nor succeeding.

" Therefore, to avoid this plague, let us amend our lives,

" and put away all pride, which doth drown men in this

" realm at these days ; all covetousness, wherein the ma-

" gistrates and rich men of this realm are overwhelmed ; all

" lechery, and all other excessive vices, provoking God's

" wrath (were he not merciful) even to take from us our

" natural King and liege Lord ; yea, and to plague us with

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 207

" strange kings for our unrepentant hearts.'" And a little CHAP.
after: " Make haste, make haste, and let us learn to con- XIV "
" vert, to repent, and amend our lives. If we do not, I Anno 1554.
" fear, I fear, lest, for our sins and unthankfulness, a hy-
" pocrite shall reign over us. Long we have been servants,
" and in bondage, serving the Pope in Egypt: God hath
" given us a deliverer, a natural King : let us seek no
" stranger of another nation : no hypocrite, which shall
" bring in again all papistry, hypocrisy, and idolatry. 11 This
looks like a prophetic spirit in that man.
But now, lastly, to shew upon what foot this marriage The articles

stood, and what were the terms whereon it was concluded, between*^

I shall here set down the articles of the treaty. And the Philip and

rather, because Hollingshed, who pretends to give an ac- r ary ' ]h

count of them, hath scarcely given half of them : briefly, Julius, F.6.
I. They shall be married in England, &c.
II. The Queen shall have the whole disposition of all

benefices, offices, lands, revenues, and fruits of her realms

and dominions.
III. They shall be bestowed only upon Englishmen : and

that all matters shall be treated in the tongues accustomed.

And the laws and customs to be preserved and maintained.
IV. If Queen Mary overlive Prince Philip, she shall

have, out of the Emperor's courts, 40,000/. Flemish for her

dowry.
V. That their children shall succeed in this realm. 132
VI. That the realm of Spain, both the Sicils, the duke-

dom of Milain, and other dominions in Italy, shall remain

to the Lord Charles, eldest son of the said Prince, and to

his heirs. And for lack of such issue, the eldest of this

matrimony to succeed.
VII. The eldest son of this marriage shall succeed in the

dukedoms of Brabant, Luxemburgh, Gelders, Zutphen,

Burgundy, Friseland, in the counties of Flanders, Artois,

Zealand, Namur, and the land beyond the isles.

VIII. If no male issue happen, then the eldest female

shall inherit the lands of Lower Germany.

IX. If the Lord Charles die without issue, and none

Anno 1554.

208 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, other children come of this marriage but women, then the

XIV. .
.eldest daughter of this marriage shall succeed not only in

the Lower Germany and Burgundy, but also in the realms
of Spain and England.
X. In all the said causes, the privileges and customs of

every country shall be observed. And the same to be ad-

ministered by the natural-born of the same.
XI. That the said Prince shall not promote to any office,

administration, or benefit in the same realm of England any

stranger.
XII. The said Prince shall receive into the service of his

household and court, gentlemen and yeomen of the said

realm of England, in convenient manner, and shall esteem,

nourish, and use them lovingly ; and shall bring up none

nto the realm that will do wrong to the subjects of the

same. And if they do, he shall put them out of the court.

XIII. The said Prince shall alter none estate of the laws

and customs of England.

XIV. He shall not lead away the Queen's Highness out

of this realm, unless she herself desire it ; nor the children

of them, unless it be thought good by the council and no-

bility.
XV. In case, no children being left, the Queen shall die

before him, he shall not change any right in the said king-

dom, but shall suffer it to succeed to the right heirs.

XVI. The said Prince shall not carry out of the realm

the jewels, nor any whit of the principalities of the same

realm ; nor suffer any part thereof to be usurped by his

subjects or others : but shall see all the places of the realm,

and especially the forts and frontiers of the same, faithfully

kept, to the profit of the said realm ; and that by the na-

tural-born of the same.
XVII. That the same Prince shall not suffer any ships,

guns, and other ordnances of war, to be removed and con-

veyed out of the realm, but shall contrariwise cause them

diligently to be kept and renewed, when need requireth :

and provided, that they may be always ready in their

strength and force, for the defence of the realm.

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 209

XVIII. That the realm of England, by occasion of this CHAP,

marriage, shall not directly nor indirectly be intangled '__