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^.° n ' p * should be burnt, he felt his heart very lumpish and cold,

and could perceive no joy nor comfort in his soul : which

he complained of to Augustine. Augustine bade him persist,

for his cause was good ; and God would in due time instil

comfort and joy into him. And withal prayed him, when

this came to pass, to give him some sign of it. The good

man continued praying most earnestly to God for consola-

tion. And at his going to execution, when he had most

need of it, he felt a joy spring within him, as it were, on a

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 229

sudden ; and then he cried out, clapping his hands, Austin, CHAP.

he is come, he is come. This Fox had afterwards from

Austin's own mouth. Several letters there be of Bradford Anno 1554.

to this Bernher. He also sent him a treatise of the baptism

of children to write out : and that being done, he promised

him other things; for his own instruction, I suppose, and

for the instruction of others. This Bernher lived long- after

in Queen Elizabeth's reign, in a living in the country, called

Sutton, if I mistake not, and died in peace.
As they had these true friends, so they had false ones Grimbald

too, treacherous Judas's, that betrayed them ; discovering

to their enemies who their benefactors were, the relief they

received, the letters they wrote, and such like. Of this

sort was Grimbald ; who this year being in the Marshalsea

for religion, was persuaded to recant; and confessed and

revealed every thing he knew concerning the professors.

Many writings of Ridley he got, and secretly put them

into the hands of the Popish superiors. But this recanta-

tion of his was kept secret from the prisoners, and they

were not to know it, though they suspected him : and so

remaining among them, he served as a spy upon them. He

was often visited by many of the great Popish doctors. Dr.

Weston came to him ; whereof Saunders took notice in a

letter to a friend : " What he hath with him concluded, I

" know not. Pray that it may be to God's glory.'' 1 And

after a visit Dr. Story gave him, Bradford was more closely

confined, and the keeper threatened : whereat Bradford

desired Bernher, in a letter, to learn, if he could, what Mr.

Gr. had spoken to Dr. Story and others. " The cause of

*' all this trouble, both to my keeper and me, is thought

" come by him. 11 At this time it was made death to the

keeper for any to speak with Bradford.

ft 3

230 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL
CHAP. XVIII.
The principles of the Protestants as to obedience. The

exiles : who they were ; and where they harboured : their

writing's. Some Protestants recant. Bishop Barlow's

recantation.

Anno 1554. _L HIS then is some account of the condition of the pro-

The Pro- fessors, as to their troubles and friends ; Popery being now

tostants'
principles established, and every where taking place, though the
for obe- hearts of the Protestants rose against it ; and some, as op-

dience. t & r

portunity served, joined in insurrections and mutinies ;

146 others, of a more easy or timorous spirit, complied with the

Queen out of flattery, or to save their skins. Yet it was

the current principle among the wisest and best of them,

that the Queen, being now their sovereign, was to be obeyed,

as far as she commanded things lawful ; but in other mat-

ters, to obey God rather than man, and to submit patiently

till God's good time of deliverance came. This is ex-

pounded by the words of one that lived in those times, and

niking- was afterwards a bishop under Queen Elizabeth. " Al-

ston "pon " though?" sa id he, " kings and rulers in commonwealths

Aggee. " were then heathens," [that is, when St. Peter wrote, that

we must obey the king as chief and highest ruler,] " and

" not christened, yet he bids obey them as the chief and

" highest; and neither willeth any to be disobedient, to

" pull the sword out of their hand, nor to set up himself

" above them, but humbly to obey them in all things not

" contrary to God's truth and religion. But if they com-

" mand any thing contrary to God's word, we must answer

" with the Apostles, We must rather obey God than man.

" And let no man think, that in displeasing of God he can

(f please man : 'for God, who hath all men's hearts in his

" hand, will turn his heart to hurt thee, whom thou wouldst

" please and flatter by displeasing and disobeying God.

" Nor owe we any obedience to men in such things wherein

" God is offended and disobeyed. If England had learned

" this lesson in time of persecution, we should neither, for

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 231

" fear, at the voice of a woman, have denied our Master CHAP.

" with Peter, nor, for flattery, have worshipped Baal, nor 1

" rashly rebelled, but humbly have suffered God's scourge, Anno 1554 -

" until it had pleased God to have cast the rod into the fire.

" The which he would sooner have done, if our unthankful

" sturdiness had not deserved a longer plague. The Lord,

" for his mercy sake, grant that both we and all other may

" hereafter beware from like pulling on our heads the right-

" eous scourge of God for our wickedness, and the unpatient

" bearing of the same when it cometh. r> From hence we may

take Avhat was the sense of the gravest and chief Protestants

in those days, in the case of obedience and disobedience,

and submission and resistance to princes that command un-

lawful things.
This was the state of the Protestants that remained in Many flee

the land : but many fled away, and turned voluntary exiles, a)10a '

to escape the fury that was coming upon all that were re-

solved to stick to the true religion, and would not comply

with the newly introduced Papal superstitions. They were

dispersed abroad in divers and sundry places, where the

gospel was professed ; as Frankford, Argentine or Stras-

burgh, Easil, Zuric, Wezel, Geneva, and other towns.

Some of the chief of them in these places were as follow.
At Frankford were Mr. Isaac, a Kentish gentleman ; at Exiles at

whose hired house in this town were harboured Richard ran or '

Chambers and Thomas Sampson, late dean of Chichester : .

who were the two first that earnestly desired Jewel, upon

his first coming, to make a public confession of his fault in

subscribing. This Chambers, who was treasurer of the

contribution money for maintaining the exiles, gave some

allowance to the said Jewel. Here were many persons of

quality, besides those above mentioned ; as Sir Francis

Knowles, after treasurer of Queen Elizabeth's chamber, and

Henry his eldest son. Here also were Sanford, Rob. Crow-

ley, Rob. Horn, late dean of Durham ; David Whithead,

an ancient learned divine, and once recommended by Arch-

bishop Cranmer to be Archbishop of Armagh; Thomas 147

Lever, a grave learned man, of St. John's college in Cam-
(i 4

232 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, bridge; who afterwards went to Arow in Helvetia, and was

XVIII •
_J 1_ there minister of another congregation of English : and the

Anno 1554 - Scotch preacher, John Makebray, who was the first that

preached the gospel to the English here, for about a year,
and then went to another church in Low Germany.
At Argon- At Argentine, were Alexander Noel, prebend of West-

tine. . r

minster, and afterwards dean of St. Paul's ; Arthur Saul,
late fellow of Magdalen college, Oxon; William Cole,

fellow, afterwards president, of Corpus Christi. Here also

sojourned those learned knights, Sir John Cheke, Sir Ri-

chard Morison, Sir Anthony Cook, Sir Peter Carey, Sir

Thomas Wroth. Also J. Ponet, late bishop of Winches-

ter; Edmund Grindal, late bishop Ridley's chaplain, after-

wards archbishop of York and Canterbury successively ;

Edwin Sandys, late master of Katharine hall in Cam-

bridge, afterward archbishop of York ; Thomas Eton, a

merchant of London. Bale reckoneth up a great many

more.
At Basil. At Basil was Bale, for the printing-presses 1 sake. Here

latewardly also were James Pilkington, Richard Turner,

and Thomas Bentham, all preachers : who also read lectures

there. The first upon Ecclesiastes, both epistles of St. Peter,

and St. Paul to the Galatians. The second read upon the

epistle of St. James, and that to the Hebrews and the

Ephesians; and Bentham upon the Acts of the Apostles.

Here also resided one Plough, a preacher, who wrote an

apology for the Protestants, anno 1558.
At Zuric At Zuric, hither came about twelve English : Laurence

Humfrey was one, afterwards the King's learned professor

of divinity in Oxford ; and John Parkhurst was another,

late rector of the rich living of Cleve, and afterward bishop

of Norwich. They all lived together with much comfort in

the house of Christopher Froscover, printer ; and paid each

Vit. Jueii. for his ordinary. Humfrey extolleth the great hospitality

and kindness of the magistrates of this town, and of the

ministers; namely, Bullinger, Pellican, Bibliander, Simler,

Wolphius, Lavater, Zwinglius, Gesner, and Gualter. He

styled it, incrcdiOUis humanitas; et civium omnium omnia

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 233

officio, charitatis plenissima. These twelve came hither be- CHAP,

fore P. Martyr came from Argentine to be professor of Xvin -

divinity here: who, when he came, brought Jewel along Anno 1554.

with him. Here were also James Pilkington, late master

of St. John's college, Cambridge, afterwards bishop of

Durham ; Thomas Bentham, late fellow of Magdalen col-

lege, Oxon, afterwards bishop of Litchfield ; Thomas Lever,

lately at Frankford; Thomas Spenser, Rob. Beaumont,

Nic. Carvil. These being here, had supplies yielded them

by Chambers, and certain London merchants; Richard

Springham, John Abel, Thomas Eton, and some others,

whose names were studiously concealed.

In Freezland, and particularly at Wezel, were to the At Wezci.

number of an hundred persons, men and women. Among

the rest here were Scory, late bishop of Chichester ; Tho-

mas Young, late chanter of St. David's, afterwards arch-

bishop of York ; Geo. Roo ; John Rough, not long after

a martyr. These, in their religious meetings, used the order

set forth in the time of King Edward. Coverdale was

some time their preacher, until he was called by the Duke

of Bipont to be preacher at Bergzaber. Here sojourned

some time the pious Duchess of Suffolk, and Mr. Bertu,

her husband.
At Geneva was Knox, King Edward's chaplain, and At Geneva,

after, the great reformer of Scotland, a violent man against

the English book ; and William Whittingham, after dean

of Durham, John Bodly, Anthony Gilby, William Kethe,

John Pullain, Christopher Goodman, and several others,

that employed themselves in making another translation of 148

the Bible, with marginal notes, and afterwards was printed.
Many of these being thus safely settled abroad in Pro- Some of

testant ..towns and cities in Germany, Switzerland, or else- ^^ . l* St

where, did spend their time in writing of books and letters,

to the use and benefit of those good people that they had

left behind, to exhort them to stedfastness and patience.

Among these was Ponet, or Poynet, late bishop of Win-Ponet.

chester, a very learned man, who wrote as learned a book

234 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, in answer to Dr. Martyn, and in vindication of himself,
|__who had writ before in behalf of priests"' marriage. " I
Anno 1554. « have,""' said he, " pen, ink, paper, and quietness, God

" be praised, enough. All which they [the Papists] have

" as well as I. But one thing I have on my side which

" they have not, which is a comfort to me and trouble to

" them ; that is, truth. Truth, I say, is on my side, as it is

" plain by my proofs, not grounded upon things that may

" err and deceive, as may traditions and doctrines of men,

" whereupon the Papists chiefly ground themselves; but

" upon the infallible word of God, taught in the Old and

" New Testament, by the holy patriarchs, prophets, apo-

" sties, and Christ, 11 &c.

Sampson. Sampson, late dean of Chichester, and rector of St. Al-

to the pa- hallows, London, wrote this year also a very good letter to

" s |* °^ A1 ~ the true professors of Christ's Gospel in the parish of Al-

hallows in Bread-street ; aiming thereby to strengthen and

establish them against the several errors of Popery : which

letter was printed at Strasburgh in August ; but now being

almost quite lost, and having very many good things in it, I

N». XVIII. have preserved in the Catalogue. He spake of the good profi-

ciency he supposed they had made in the knowledge of true

religion, "considering how truly and with what diligence they

" had been formerly taught : and therefore that he needed

" not to make a long and large treatise to arm them against

" all the assaults of false prophets that were at that present

" come among them, but only to name and confute some of

" the greatest evils which were then poured forth out of the

" pulpits ; and therewith he put them in mind of the truth.

" And this he was moved to do, having been some time

" their pastor, and to testify that some piece of his pastoral

" cure did yet rest in his heart towards them ; the violence

" of the time not suffering him to come as he would do

" unto them, and, by talk and brotherly conferring, to put

" them in mind of the gospel of Jesus Christ, which he once

" preached among them." Then he proceeded to shew

them the error of transubstantiation, the sacrifice of the

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 235

mass, justification by works, works of supererogation, inter- CHAP.
cession of saints, praying for the dead, auricular confession, XVIII «
innovations, traditions; and concluded with this counsel: Anno 1554.
" Abide in the truth ; keep yourselves undefiled ; offer
" yourselves humbly to suffer all violence of bloody laws
" for truth's sake; keep safe your consciences, though the
" sword taketh your lives from you ; suffer and bear with
" all humbleness and quiet obedience ; humble yourselves
" in unfeigned repentance before the Lord in the horrible
" plague of Popery, that of his mercy he may be moved to
" end these days of delusion ; and let your prayers always
" ascend up before the Lord, begging of him such things
" as ye need."
Another dean in exile, namely, Dr. William Turner, Turner,

late dean of Wells, a doctor of physic, but a divine also, ^^1 °

now wrote a new book of Spiritual Physic, as he entitled Physic

it, for divers Diseases of the Nobility and Gentry qfEng- \ 49

land. And this he dedicated to the Dukes of Norfolk and

Suffolk, the Earls of Arundel, Darby, Shrewsbury, Hun-

tingdon, Cumberland, Pembroke, Warwick : imprinted at

Rome, by the Vatican Church, against Marcus Antonius

Constantius, otherwise called Thraso, or Gloriosus Papal

Miles. He was an humoursome man ; and to that this

manner of writing must be imputed. Near the beginning

of his book he hath these words, whereby may be known in

part what he was : " When of late years I practised bodily

" physic in England in my Lord of Somerset's house,

" divers sick beggers came unto me, and not knowing that

" I was a physician, asked of me mine almose : to whom

" I offered to heal their diseases for God's sake. But they

" went by and by away from me, and would none of that :

" for they had much liever be sick stil with ease and idle-

" ness, than to be whole, and with great pains and labour

" to earn honestly their living." In this book the doctor

glanceth at a certain man raised in this reign, whom though

he nameth not, the words he useth do easily discover;

where, speaking of the clergy advanced under Queen Mary,

he saith, " Others are come, as I hear say, to be counsel-

236 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " lors, even in temporal matters, in great number: and one

"is now clom up so high, that besides that he is a knight

Anno 1554. " G f the Garter 1 " 1 [bishops of Winchester are prelates of the

,ff a h «rt C a. e a Garte1 '] " and a S reat lord > is also the Hi g h Chancellor of

churchman. " England, and President of the Council, and is above all

" the lords both temporal and spiritual of the whole Coun-

" cil ; and so lordly behaveth himself, that, without the

" knowledge of the rest of the Council, he sendeth forth

" commissions, as he did of late to Wells by Dr. Edge-

" worth, and offereth pardon alone, as he did to Mr. Laty-

" mer, as though he were either King of England, or else

" had the Queen and all the Council's heads under his

" girdle.'" A character true enough of Gardiner, bishop

of Winchester.

Knox. Knox, who was retired first to Geneva, within a short

space departed to Frankford, upon the receipt of a letter

sent from the English congregation there, Sept. 24, 1554,

declaring, that they had chosen him for their pastor. And

His Faith- here he wrote his Faithful Admonition to England. There-

nition. m ne spake of himself, and what he was at first ; and made

some reflections upon the days of the gospel under King

Edward; undertook to shew why God took the gospel

away ; and prayed against these Marian days, that they

might be short, and foretold deliverance. " To be plain,"

said he, " my own conscience beareth record to myself, how

" small soever my learning, and how weak soever of judg-

" ment, when Jesus Christ called me to be his steward, and

" how mightily, day by day, and time by time, he multi-

" plied his graces with me, if I should conceal, I were most

" wicked and unthankful. There were some complaints
" in those days, [of King Edward,] that the preachers were

" undiscreet persons ; yea, and some called them railers, and

" worse, because they spake against the manifest iniquity

" of men, and especially of those that then were placed in

" authority, as well in the court as in other offices univer-

" sally throughout the realm, both in cities, towns, and

" villages : and, among others, peradventure my rude plain-

" ness displeased some, who did complain that rashly I did

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 237

" speak of men's faults, so that all might know and perceive CHAP.
" of whom I meant. But, alas ! this day my conscience XVI11 -
" accuseth me, that I spake not so plainly as my duty was Ann oi554,
" to have done : for I ought to have said to the wicked
" man expressly by his name, Thou shalt die the death. — 1 50
" The blind love that I did bear to this my wicked carcass,
" was the chief cause that I was not fervent and faithful
" enough in that behalf: for I had no will to provoke the
" hatred of all men against me ; and therefore so touched
" I the vices of men in the presence of the greatest, that
" they might see themselves to be offenders. I dare not
" say that I was the greatest flatterer, but yet nevertheless
" I would not be seen to proclaim manifest war against the
" manifest wicked : whereof, unfeignedly, I ask my God
" pardon." As to his sense why God deprived the nation
of the gospel, thus he spake : " This I do let you to un-
" derstand, that the taking away of the heavenly bread,
" and this great tempest that now bloweth against the poor
" disciples of Christ within the realm of England, as touch-
" ing our part, cometh from the great mercy of our hea-
" venly Father, to provoke vis to unfeigned repentance, for
" that neither preacher nor professor did rightly consider
" the time of our merciful visitation, but altogether so we
" spent the time, as though God's word had been preached,
" rather to satisfy our fantasies than to reform our evil
" manners : which thing if we earnestly repent, then shall
" Jesus Christ appear to our comfort, be the storm never
" so great. Haste, O Lord, for thy name's sake."
And concerning the duration of the present hard and

persecuting times in England, thus did this man pray and

fortell : " And herein standeth my singular comfort this

" day, when I hear that these bloody tyrants within the

" realm of England do still kill, murder, destroy, and de-

" vour men and women, as ravenous lions now loosed from

" bonds, I lift up therefore the eyes of my heart, as my

" iniquity and present dolour will suffer ; and to my hea-

" venly Father will I say, Oh ! those cruel tyrants are

** loosed by thy hand, to punish our former ingratitude,

238 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " whom we trust thou wilt not suffer to prevail forever:

XVIII .

' " but when thou hast corrected us a little, and hast declared

Anno 1 554. « un to the world the tyranny that lurketh in their boldencd

" breasts, then wilt thou break their jaw-bones, and wilt shut

" them up in their caves again ; that the generation and

" posterity following may praise thine holy name before thy

" congregation. Amen. When I feel any taste or motion

" of these promises, then think I myself most happy, and

" that I received a just compensation, albeit I, and all that

" to me in earth belongeth, should suffer the present death ;

" knowing that God shall yet shew mercy to his afflicted

" Church within England, and that he shall repress the

" pride of these present tyrants, like as he hath done of

" those before our days. — He is full of pity and compassion,

" and doth consider all our travail, anguish, and labours :

" wherefore it is not to be doubted but that he will sud-

" denly appear to our great comfort. The tyrants of this

" world cannot keep back his coming, more than might the

" blustering winds and raging seas let Christ to come to his

" disciples, when they looked for nothing but for present

" death." And again, " God brought not his people into