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and March. Cardinal Pole made archbishop of Canter-

bury.
Anno 1555. .OUT now, by way of journal, we shall set down various

events happening from December inclusive to the end of

this year.

Cardinal The Lord Cardinal Pole, on the first of December, was
abb 6 v of rece ^ ve( l w ^ tn procession into Westminster abbey: where

Westmin- eighteen bishops met him; and the Archbishop of York

ministered with his mitre. And they went a procession

about the church and the cloister. Perhaps it was now new

founded, and made a monastery again, and celebrated by

this venerable presence.

News at The news now stirring at Court may be understood by a
clause or two of a letter, sent, December 4, to the Lord

President of the Council in the north, by Gargreve, a par-

liament-man, and one of the Council.
Epist.Co- «i trust the Parliament will end this week. For now
nut. Salop.
inOffic.Ar-" there the bill for first-fruits and tenths is passed the Com-

" mons'' house, I trust there is nothing else that will be

" any stay. It is said the King returns not until after

" Christmas : nor, as yet, I know not where the Queen's

" Grace will keep her Christmas. But at the end of the

" Parliament, as I hear, she removeth to Greenwich.

284 " My Lord Archbishop of York hath not yet received

" his bulls from Rome : and he doth continue president in

" Wales, and no other there appointed. It is not yet

" known who shall be Lord Chancellor, Lord Privy Seal,

" Bishop of Canterbury, nor Bishop of Winchester. My

" Lord Cardinal lieth much at the Court. It is said, that

" here are divers ill books cast by night in the city, that

" should be conveyed from beyond the seas. But I have

" not seen any of them as yet. And thus trusting shortly

" to wait on your Lordship, I humbly take my leave of the

*' same ; beseeching our Lord God long to preserve your

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 469

" good Lordship in health, with much increase of honour. CHAP.

" At Hogsdon, this iv. Decemb. 1555.

" Your good Lordship's humbly to command, Anno i 555 -

cc mi • • e .1. i -j " Tho. Gargreve."
" 1 he commission lor the subsidy °
" bill comes forth immediately.'"
On the 9th day was the Parliament dissolved by the Parliament

Queen at her place at Whitehall : and so she went back

through the park to St. James's.
On the 10th, Sir Anthony Kingston, knight-marshal, if Sir An-
t 1 1 O U V
I mistake not, and a busy member of the late Parliament, Kingston

was, upon some suspicion, had to the Tower : and several r in the

came after to the Fleet.
On the 15th of this month of December, before the ser-One taken

mon at Paul's Cross began, began an old man, a shepherd, Cross and

to speak certain things against the present religion and carried

government: which being looked upon as railing, he was

taken and carried to the Counter for a time. For, notwith-

standing all this firing and pillorizing, so disgusted were the

people with the present affairs, that they would sometimes

utter their minds.

The 18th of December was Mr. Philpot, archdeacon of Phiipot

Winchester, carried to Smithfield, between eight and nine

in the morning, to be burnt there for heresy.
The news of filling two great places in the State, that A new Lord
,-,, -liii- i r Chancellor
had been vacant some considerable time, was reserved tor and Lord

new-year's-day ; namely, that of Lord Chancellor, void by Privy Seal.

the death of Bishop Gardiner; and that of Lord Privy

Seal, by the death of the Earl of Bedford : both conferred

by the King ; to whom the Queen and Council had sent to

nominate persons to succeed them. For nothing seemed

now to be done in the English Court without him and his

direction, though he were beyond sea. This news did the

Earl of Pembroke send to the Earl of Shrewsbury, his bro-

ther-in-law, in these words : " These shall be to let you

" understand some news that we have had this morning :

" which is, that the King's Majesty hath appointed the

" Bishop of York lord chancellor, and my Lord Paget
n h3

470 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " lord privy seal. Other news here is none, saving we

" " trust to see the King's Majesty here shortly. From the

Anno 1555. « Court, this new-year's-day.

Number of January 14, came a letter from the Queen and Council to

be at tbe the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of London, to give substantial

execution order, that when any be delivered to be burned, there be a

that were good number of officers and others appointed to be at the

burned. execution : who may be charged to apprehend, and commit

to ward, all such as shall comfort, aid, or praise those that

are executed. And to charge all householders, not to suffer

any their servants to be abroad then, other than such as

they will answer for.

Seven On the 27th day, between seven and eight in the morn-

ing, five men and two women went out of Newgate into

Smithfield to be burnt for heresy ; for now they began to

burn them in companies : of the men, one was named Whit-

tle, a priest, formerly living in Essex; and another was

named Bartlet Green, a gentleman of the Inner Temple.

One of the women was Joan Laishford, or Warne, daugh-

ter to a man and a woman formerly burnt. They were all

burnt by nine of the clock at three posts. And though

there was a commandment given through London over

night, in obedience to the late order of Council, that no

young folks should come there, yet there appeared at this

execution the greatest numbers as had been seen upon such

an occasion.

These per- And indeed by the sight of these burnings, many, who

be„et Pr0 . came only out of curiosity to behold, were so wrought upon,

testants. by observing how cheerfully and christianly they took their

deaths, and that they were generally the best sort of people,

that they began to consider more narrowly their tenets and

doctrines. And hence, at last, it came to pass, that they

not only abhorred such bloodiness, but disliked the religion

that practised it, and became better reconciled unto the

profession of the gospel : so that many, who in the begin-

ning of Queen Mary's days were Papists, died for the Pro-

testant religion afterwards. Of this sort was Tankerfield,

who was burnt the last summer. And it Avas thought, that

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 471

many thousands became embracers of the gospel since the CHAP.
beginning of the persecution, which was not above a year
ago. So much out were the Queen's politicians ; reckoning, Anno 1555 -
by these courses, to suppress the religion : according to
what an unknown person wrote to the Bishop of London
soon after the execution of Philpot the last month : " That
" as for the obtaining of his popish purpose in suppressing
" of the truth, he put him out of doubt he should not ob-
" tain it so long as he went this way to work. And that
" he verily believed they had lost the hearts of twenty thou-
" sand that were rank Papists within this twelvemonth."
February the 8th, Mr. Peryn, a black friar, preached at A priest

Paul's Cross. At whose sermon a priest, named Sir Tho- n °„ s c £ "

mas Sampson, did penance, standing before the preacher

with a sheet about him, and a taper in his hand, burning ;

the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and many other worship-

ful persons, present. This man's crime was, that he had

two wives, and one was enough to make him do penance.
On the 24th of this month were the obsequies of the Bi- Bishop of

shop of Winchester, lately deceased ; which were celebrated ter . s cor p 9e

after this manner. In the afternoon began the knell at St. carried to
^Vinclicstcr*
Mary Overy's, and ringing : after that began the dirge : a

pall of cloth of gold, and two white branches, and two dozen

of staff torches burning, and four great tapers. The Lord

Mountague the chief mourner, and the Lord Bishop of

Lincoln, Sir Robert Rochester, comptroller, and divers

others, attendants, in black; and many black gowns and28o

coats. And the morrow-mass of requiem and offering done,

began the sermon. And so mass being done, all repaired

to a dinner at the Lord Mountague's. At the gate the

corpse was put into a waggon with four horses, all covered

with black. Over the corpse his picture made, with his

mitre on his head with his arms, and five gentlemen bearing

his five banners : an hundred in gowns and hoods : then

two heralds in their coat armour, Mr. Garter and Rouge

Cross : then came the men riding, carrying of torches burn-

ing, in number sixty, about the corpse all the way : then

came the mourners in gowns and coats, to the number of
h h 4

472 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, two hundred, afore and behind, and censing : and there they

u " ' had a great torch given them : and so through every parish

Anno 1555. till they came to Winchester. And as many as came to

meet them had money given them. And a dirge and mass

at every lodging.
tendedKino- March the 4th, execution was had upon a young man,
Edward whose name indeed was Fetherstone, of whom we heard

before, giving himself out to be King Edward VI. whose

sayings and pretences had occasioned many men and wo-

men to be punished. He was hanged, drawn, and quar-

tered. His head was set upon London-bridge the fifth

day, and his quarters buried.

Bishop of On the 5th day of March were celebrated the obsequies
Peteibo- . *
rough, his of the Bishop of Peterborough. There buried with a goodly

obsequies. h earse) adorned with arms and pensils ; two white branches,

and eight dozen of staves, with an herald of arms, and five

banners : and an hundred in black gowns and coats, and a

great many poor men in gowns ; together with the morrow-

mass : and after, a great dinner. His name was John Cham-

bers, the last abbot of Peterborough, and the first bishop

there.

A blazing On the 7th a blazing star at night appeared. It shot out

fire, to the great wonder and astonishment of the people,

and continued certain nights. Whatsoever it imported, a

great mortality by burning fevers followed, and took off a

great number of persons of the best quality in the city and

other places: and also a great dearth of provisions, espe-

cially of corn ; insomuch that many died by famine.

A man doth On the 8th day, while a doctor preached at the Cross, a

man did penance for transgressing Lent, holding two pigs,

ready dressed, whereof one was upon his head, having

brought them to sell.

One in the On the 14th one was set in the pillory for seditious words

p ' °' y ' and rumours, and counsels against the Queen's Majesty.

Many sent On the 18th were divers gentlemen carried to the Tower

Tower. by certam °f the guard, viz. John Throgmorton, Harry

Peckham, Bethel, Turner, Hygins, Daniel, Smith, a mer-

chant, Heneage, of the chapel, George, the searcher of

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 473

Gravesend, Hodges, Spencer, the two Rawlins's, and Ro- CHAP.

sey, keeper of the Star-chamber, Dethyck, and divers others ;

of quality; being taken up upon a plot of rising against Anno 1555.

the Queen, which one of the party, named White, had dis-

covered.

On the 22d of this month of March, at the Gray Friars 287

of Greenwich, was the Lord Cardinal Pole consecrated Pole co "-

secrated

archbishop of Canterbury, by seven bishops, mitred. The archbishop

ceremony performed here, to fasten the greater honour upon ^ r ^ anter "

this new founded religious house, which in Henry VIII.'s

time had shewed itself so staunch for the Pope and Queen

Catharine, the Queen's mother.

For as this year had carried off the great popish prelate,

Gardiner, so a few months after it raised another, greater

than he. For in the conclusion of the year was Pole, the

legate and cardinal, consecrated, as before was said. For

though he lived at the palace of Lambeth, and managed, in

the supremest station, the matters of the Church, yet was

he not archbishop of Canterbury till the day after Arch-

bishop Cranmer was dead. The first instrument exemplified

in his register is Pope Paul's, but of provision, for allowance

of the cardinal to be archbishop. The next instrument is Registr.

his consecration ; which on Sunday, commonly called Pas-

sion Sunday, March the 22d, 1555, in the second and third

years of Philip and Mary, was performed in the conventual

church of the friars Minors of the Observance of the order

of St. Francis of Greenwich, by Nicolas, archbishop of

York, primate of England, and legate of the apostolic see,

and lord chancellor of England, assisted with these bishops

following : Edm. Bonner, bishop of London ; Tho. Thurle-

by, bishop of Ely ; Rich. Pates, bishop of Wigorn ; John

White, bishop of Lincoln; Maurice Griffith, bishop of

Roff ; Tho. Goldwel, bishop of St. Asaph.
" By the authority of the apostolic brief under the seal

" of the Fisher, to the most reverend father in Christ, and

" Lord Reginald, by the divine miseration, priest, cardinal

" of St. Mary in Cosmedin,' 11 &c. as the Pope's letter ran.

This was read openly by David Pole, LL. D. archdeacon

474 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

G HAP. of Darby. The said Archbishop took his oath to the Pope

' in the parlour, Queen Mary being present, and looking on.

Anno 1555. The Archbishop of York said mass in the said conventual

church at the high altar, the Queen hearing : these persons

also present; William Marquis of Winchester, lord trea-

surer; Henry Earl of Arundel, lord high steward of the

household ; William Lord Paget, lord privy seal ; William

Earl of Pembroke ; William [Henry] Earl of Sussex ; Ro-

bert Rochester, knt. comptroller of the household, privy

counsellors; Thomas Lord Fitzwaters; William Cook,

LL.D. keeper or commissary of the prerogative court of

Canterbury ; and in the presence of Anthony Huse, prin-

cipal register, and other public notaries.

Installed. Robert Collins, his commissary, and canon of Christ
Church, Canterbury, was his proxy, and installed for him.

The Cardi- March 25, being the Annunciation of our blessed Lady,

to Bow Bow church in London was hanged with cloth of gold and

church. w * tn j.'^ arraS) anc j ] a jd w jt n cushions, for the coming of

the Lord Cardinal Pole. There did the Bishop of Wor-

cester sing the mass, mitred : divers bishops present, as the

Bishops of Ely, of London, and Lincoln ; also the Earl of

Pembroke, Sir Edward Hastings, the Master of the horse,

288 and divers other nobles. And after mass done they went

to dinner together, as it seems, to the Bishop of London.

To qualify the Cardinal the better to live in the port of

bounty to a cardinal, as well as of an archbishop, besides the revenues of

dinai. tne archbishopric, the Queen gave him these several estates,
being her manors and principal farms in Kent, viz.
The scite and manor of Charing, which,
with the farms and rents of assize, was P er annum-

worth 60 14 %q.

Shoram 20 19 3
Wald, alias Penshurst - - - 18 8 4
Chevening 13 9 10o6.gr.
Fee-farm of Wrotham - - - 46 10 Gdi.q.
The scite of the manor of Bexley ; divers
woods there, &e. - - - - . 58 8 6

The

Queen's

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 475

Divers lands in the isle De Greyne, [an CHAP.
isle lying on the west-end of the isle J ' J
of Shepey,] and certain lands in the Anno 1555.
marshes there - - - - 22 611
Otford, lands there - - - - "1

Fee-farm of Sonrige [Sundridge] - V 86 10 Sob.

Certain lands in Shoreham, a mill, a park )

Forest of South-Frith, [which forest lieth

a mile south of Tunbridge,] with the
woods growing as well in the forest as
in the postern, North-Frith, Redmore,
and Le Trench lands ; the rents in all 500

The rectory of Kemsing and Seal 9 13 4

All these in Kent, besides many other lands and lordships He is made

in other counties, given him to uphold his estate ; but all ^ JJrfbrd.

these revenues came into the crown under Queen Elizabeth.

And that I may here mention together the favours and

honours done the Cardinal, in November he became Chan-

cellor of the University of Oxford. For by the direction,

as it seems, of the Queen, (who studied to heap upon him

all the respects she could,) Sir John Mason in October re-

signed that office, to make way for Pole to be chosen in his

room : who accordingly was so, the instrument thereof being

dated November 2, in the house of the congregation of that

University. And by his means, now Oxford's Chancellor,

I make no doubt it was, that Petrus a Soto, a Spaniard, Petrus a

was nominated to be one of the public professors of divinity, f e ss ° r P t r h ere .

together with another Spaniard called Johannes a Garcia.

The Papists made this observation from his name Peter,

that he succeeded another Peter, namely, Peter Martyr,

(though there was one between them, Dr. Rich. Smith, who

succeeded immediately to Martyr,) and that the University

was restored to what it had been by Peter a Soto's read-

ings : who was, they said, in the opinion of all, much pre-

ferable to his namesake Peter Martyr. This Peter had

been confessor to the Emperor Charles V. Afterward was

placed at Diling, whither he retired, and was there set over

the college of the Cardinal of Ausburgh, to instruct the 289

47G MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. German youth in learning and piety. Peter was well known

XXXVI • « ,

to Cardinal Pole, and by him (when the Pope had sent the

Anno 1555. said Cardinal into England upon Queen Mary's access to

dina/poie 1 "" tne crown ) h R d heen sent to the Emperor, to exhort and

l>- 48. desire him, that he would not let the said Cardinal's message

(by staying him) lie any longer neglected, which was under-

taken by him for the sake of religion and peace.

CHAP. XXXVII.

Commissions ecclesiastical : and visitations by the new Arch-

bishop s order. Presentments. Rectories and vicarages

vacant.
Anno 1 556. jf\jsj J) now we shall take some view of the ecclesiastical

proceedings, chiefly under the influence and direction of the

new Archbishop.

Commis- Commissions went out this year from King Philip and

search of Queen Mary, throughout most of the dioceses, if not all,

heretics. f or a diligent search and discovery of heretics. The first

Ref ist. . &
Card. Poii. commission of this sort seemeth to have been that for the

diocese of Canterbury, dated April 26, in the second and

third years of the King and Queen. The commission be-

gins with these words ; " Forasmuch as divers devilish and

" clamorous," &c. The commissioners were, Henry Lord

Abergavenny ; George Lord Cobham ; Tho. Cheny, knight,

warden of the five ports, and treasurer of the household;

John Baker, knight, chancellor of the exchequer ; Richard

Thornden, suffragan of Dover ; David Pole, clerk, chancel-

lor for the most reverend father Pole ; Nicolas Harpsfieid,

archdeacon of Canterbury ; Robert Collins, commissary of

the diocese of Canterbury; Richard Fawcet, John War-

ren, clerks ; Robert Southwel, knight ; Tho. Moyl, Henry

Chrispe, knights; William Roper, John Tuck, George

Clark, William Oxenden, Cyriac Pettit, John Web, John

Driland, esquires : to them, or any three of them. But

lest any exception might be taken at these commissions, as

though the King and Queen usurped upon the ecclesiastical

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 477

power, therefore, in the conclusion thereof, were these words CHAP.
,, , XXXVII.
added :

" And furthermore, we will, and our intent and meaning Anno 1556.

" is, that the trial, judgment, and determination of heresy,

" and of all other things, which, as well in respect of per-

" sons, as of the matters herein expressed, being mere spi-

" ritual, and determinable by the ecclesiastical laws, shall

" be referred unto the determination of such, to whom in

" that case it shall of right appertain. For we do hereby

" declare, that it is not our intent or meaning, that this our

" commission, or such other like, heretofore granted and

«* addressed into all other dioceses of this our said realm,

" should in any wise be prejudicial to any laws or persons

" ecclesiastical, or to the liberties or jurisdictions of the

" same : but that we will, as we are bound, and chiefly

" being thereunto required, extend and impart our kingly

" aid, help, and favour, in the advancement and execution

" of the same, in all things which to the office and duty of %9°

" Catholic princes appertain. In witness whereof, 1 ' &c.

Such a commission was also granted to the Bishop of

London and the Bishop of Ely, and to divers other dio-

ceses, February 8, in the third and fourth years of Philip

and Mary : which commission may be found at full length

in the History of the Reformation ; but it wants those words Collect. P .

just above cited, extant in the commission for Canterbury

diocese.
The new Archbishop soon fell upon his work of consti- The Arch-
• • • • • ti it l r»w 1 bishop s
tuting officers, and exercising visitations. March #7, ne gave CO n>mis-

commission to David Pole, LL. D. to be his vicar general ^"^^"^^

in spirituals. And another of the same date to the same

person, to be auditor of the audience of Canterbury. And

another yet, of the same date, to the same person, to be

official of his court of Canterbury. And another to be

dean of the Arches, dated March 17, 1557. The date I

suspect mistaken, for he was bishop before March 17, 1557.

And besides all this favour to his namesake, (but not his

relation, unless basely,) resolving upon an ordinary visita-

tion of his diocese, he appointed him, being his vicar gene-