15 .
Immediate goals of science –is a description, explanation prognosis andprediction of processes and
phenomena of reality based on the discovered laws.
The literal meaning of the word“science” is knowledge
2
. However, not all knowledge can be scientific. Scientific
knowledge begins when a set of facts recognizes a pattern - universal and necessary connection between them, which
allows to predict its further development explaining why this phenomenon occurs this way, not otherwise.
One of the main defining goals of scientific work is to obtain accurate, comprehensive knowledge about the
world and its constituent elements.
16. Generally, we understand the research as, to follow a certain structural process. The goal of the research
process to produce new knowledge, which takes three main forms:
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Exploratory research, which structures and identifies new problems;
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Constructive research, which develops solutions to a problem;
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Empirical research, which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence.
17. Cognitive activity -Any activity that we make use to understand the world aroundcomes under the category of
cognitive activities. Through cognitive activities or cognition we perform learning, understanding, remembering,
processing etc of new information and engage in more complex mental activities such as planning and executing of
tasks.
Examples of cognitive activities are - sustained attention, inhibit response, speed of information processing,
cognitive flexiblity and control, working memory, simultaneous attention etc.
18. Phenomena -Aphenomenon(Greek:φαινόμενον,phainómenon, from the verbφαίνειν, phainein, to
show, shine, appear, to be manifest or manifest itself, plural phenomena) is "an observable fact or event". The term
came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon. In contrast
to a phenomenon, a noumenon cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating
this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated
technical terms.