So prep. A, with instr

S, s n.neut. eighteenth letter of the Russian alphabet.

s also, so prep. A, with instr. 1, with: Q pojduà s vaÃmi, IÕll go with you; hitaÃt; s trudoÃm, to read with difficulty. 2, and: my s toboÃj, you and I; xleb s maÃslom, bread and butter; tri s poloviÃnoj, three and a half. 3, on (a specified train, plane, etc.): ueÃxat; s raÃnnim poÃezdom, to leave on the early-morning train. 4, containing: vedroà s vodoÃj, a pail of water; mewkià s peskoÃm, sandbags. 5, used in greetings: s praÃzd-nikom!, happy holiday!; s NoÃvym goÃdom!, Happy New Year! B, with gen. 1, from: s vokzaÃla, from the station; s raboÃty, from work. S saÃmogo nahaÃla, from the very beginning. S utraà do veÃhera, from morning till night. S golovyà do nog, from head to toe. S ruÃsskogo na angliÃjskij, from Russian to English. 2, off; down from; down: sojtià s reÃl;sov, to go off the tracks; upaÃst; s leÃstnicy, to fall down the stairs; dostaÃt; kniÃgu s poÃlki, to take a book from the shelf. 3, up from; out of: vstat; so stuÃla, to get up from/ out of/ a chair. VskohiÃt; s posteÃli, to leap out of bed. 4, indicating cause: katiÃt;sq soà smexu, to roar with laughter; umiraÃt; s goÃlodu, to die of hunger. 5, (with certain nouns and verbs) with: s vaÃwego razreweÃniq, with your permission; nahn\m s vas, letÕs begin with you. 6, since: s deÃtstva, since childhood; s tex por, since then. C, with acc. about; approximately: s meÃsqc, about a month; velihinoÃj s dom, about the size of a house. Ñs tem, htoÃby, see htoÃby.

s- also, so-, s=-, prefix 1, indicating motion off or down: sojtià s leÃstnicy, to go down the stairs; so-skol;znuÃt; so stolaÃ, to slip off the table. 2, indicating removal from a surface: soskaÃblivat;, to scrape off. 3, indicating bringing or gathering together: sobiraÃt;, to gather; soedinqÃt;, to unite. 4, (with -sq) indicating coming together from various places: s=ez'aÃt;sq, to gather; assemble (from various places). 5, indicating joining or fastening together: svqÃzyvat;, to tie together. 6, (with pfv. verbs only) indicating motion to a place and back: sbeÃgat;, to run (to a place and return). 7, (with -sq) indicating harmony in doing something: spevaÃt;sq, to sing in harmony; srabaÃtyvat;sq, to achieve harmony in work.

saaÃm n.m. [fem. saaÃmka] Lapp; Laplander. ÑsaaÃm-skij, adj. Lapp; Lappish.

saÃblq [gen. pl. saÃbel;] n. saber. ÑsaÃbel;nyj, adj. saber (attrib.).

sabotaÃ' n. sabotage. ÑsabotaÃ'nik, n. saboteur.

sabotaÃ'nihat; v.impfv., colloq. = sabotiÃrovat; (in sense #1).

sabotiÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ruew;] 1, to sabotage. 2, to engage in acts of sabotage.


saÃvan n. 1, shroud. 2, fig. cover; blanket; mantle (of snow, ice, fog, etc.).

savaÃnna n. savanna; savannah.

savraÃsyj adj. (of a horse) light brown with a black mane and tail.

saÃga n. saga.

sagitiÃrovat; v., pfv. of agitiÃrovat; (in sense #2).

sad [2nd loc. saduÃ; pl. sadyÃ] n. garden. ÑbotaniÃhe-skij sad, botanical gardens. ÑdeÃtskij sad, kinder-garten. ÑfruktoÃvyj sad, orchard. ÑqÃblonevyj sad, apple orchard.

sadiÃzm n. sadism.

saÃdik n., dim. of sad.

sadiÃst n. sadist. ÑsadiÃstskij, adj. sadistic.

sadiÃt; v.impfv. [pres. sa'uÃ, saÃdiw;] colloq. = sa'aÃt;.

sadiÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. sest;; pres. sa'uÃs;, sa-diÃw;sq] 1, to sit; sit down; take a seat. SadiÃtes;!, sit down!; have a seat! Sest; za stol/raboÃtu, to sit down at a table; sit (or get) down to work. Sest; v posteÃli, to sit up in bed. 2, (with v or na + acc.) to board; get on; take (a plane, train, bus, etc.); get into (a car); get on(to); mount (a horse). 3, (of a bird, insect, etc.) to alight; perch. 4, (of dust, fog, etc.) to settle. 5, (of an airplane) to land. 6, (of the sun, stars, etc.) to set. 7, (of a building, foun-dation, etc.) to sink. 8, (of a battery) to go dead. 9, (of material) to shrink.

saÃdnit; v.impfv. 1, to scratch; abrade. 2, to smart; sting; burn. V goÃrle saÃdnit, my throat feels scratchy.

sadoÃvnik n. gardener.

sadovoÃd n. horticulturist; gardener. ÑsadovoÃdstvo, n. horticulture; gardening. ÑsadovoÃdheskij, adj. hor-ticultural.

sadoÃvyj adj. 1, garden (attrib.). 2, cultivated. Ñsa-doÃvo-paÃrkovoe iskuÃsstvo, landscape architecture.

sadoÃk [gen. sadkaÃ] n. 1, fishpond. 2, pen; coop; warren.

saÃ'a n. soot. V saÃ'e, sooty.

sa'aÃlka [gen. pl. -lok] n. planter (machine).

sa'aÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. posadiÃt;] 1, to plant. 2, to seat; sit (someone) down. 3, to place; put. 4, to set down; land (an aircraft). 5, to put in prison. 6, colloq. to make (a stain, blot, etc.). Ñsa'aÃt;/posadiÃt; v kleÃtku, to cage. Ñsa'aÃt;/posadiÃt; na dieÃtu, to put on a diet. Ñsa'aÃt;/posadiÃt; naà kol, to impale on a stake. Ñsa'aÃt;/posadiÃt; na cep;, to chain; chain up. Ñsa'aÃt;/posadiÃt; pod areÃst, to place under arrest.

saÃ'enec [gen. -nca] n. seedling.

sa'eÃn; also, saÃ'en; n.f. old Russian unit of length equal to approx. 7 feet. ÑmorskaÃq sa'eÃn;, fathom.
sazaÃn n. carp (fish).

sajgaà also, sajgaÃk n. a variety of antelope; saiga.

saÃjka [gen. pl. saÃek] n. roll (of bread)

sakvoqÃ' n. traveling bag.

sakramentaÃl;nyj adj. 1, ritual (attrib.). 2, sacred. 3, traditional.

saks n., hist. Saxon.

saksauÃl n. tree native to Central Asia; saxaul.

saksoÃnskij adj. Saxon.

saksofoÃn n. saxophone.

salaÃzki [gen. -zok] n.pl. small sled; toboggan.

salamaÃndra n. salamander.

salaÃt n. 1, lettuce. 2, salad.

salaÃtnik n. salad bowl. Also, salaÃtnica.

salaÃtnyj adj. 1, lettuce (attrib.); salad (attrib.). 2, light green.

saÃlit; v.impfv. to grease.

saÃlki [gen. saÃlok] n.pl. tag (game).

saÃlo n. 1, fat; lard. 2, tallow. 3, thin ice.

saloÃn n. 1, salon. 2, lounge (in a hotel, on a train, ship, etc.). 3, passenger section (of an aircraft). 4, showroom. ÑsaloÃn-vagoÃn, parlor car. ÑxudoÃ'estvennyj saloÃn, art gallery.

saloÃnnyj adj. light; trivial: saloÃnnyj razgovoÃr, small talk.

salfeítka [gen. pl. -tok] n. napkin.

saÃl;do n. indecl., bookkeeping balance.

saÃl;nost; n.f. profanity; obscenity.

saÃl;nyj adj. 1, tallow (attrib.). 2, greasy. 3, salacious. ÑsaÃl;nye 'eÃlezy, sebaceous glands.

saÃl;to n. indecl. somersault. Also, saÃl;to-mortaÃle.

sal[Ãt n. salute.

sal[tovaÃt; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -tuÃ[, -tuÃew;] (with dat.) to salute.

salqÃmi n.f. indecl. salami.

sam emphatic pronoun [fem. samaÃ; neut. samoÃ; pl. saÃmi; gen. samogoÃ, samoÃj, samiÃx; dat. samomuÃ, samoÃj, samiÃm; acc. fem. samuà or samo\; instr. samiÃm, samoÃj, samiÃmi; prepl. samoÃm, samoÃj, samiÃx] oneself; myself; yourself; himself; herself; ourselves, etc.: Q sam `Ãto sdeÃla[, IÕll do it myself. Pis;moà ot samogoà prezideÃnta, a letter from the President himself. Ñbyt; samiÃm soboÃj, to be oneself. Bud; sam (samaÃ) soboÃj!, be yourself! Ñsam ne svoj (samaà na svoqÃ), not oneself; out of sorts. Ñsam po sebeÃ, 1, oneself; in and of itself; per se. 2, on oneÕs own; in oneÕs own right. Ñsam soboÃj, by itself; of itself. Ñsam togoà ne (+ verbal adv.), not...; without...: sam togoà ne veÃdaq, unwittingly; sam togoà ne 'elaÃq, unwillingly.

samaÃn n. adobe. ÑsamaÃnnyj, adj. adobe.

samaÃrij n. samarium.

sameÃc [gen. samcaÃ] n. male (of animals): sameÃc oleÃnq, male deer; buck.

samizdaÃt n. underground publication of manuscripts (in the former Soviet Union).

saímka [gen. pl. saÃmok] n. female (of animals): saÃmka oleÃnq, female deer.

samo- prefix self-.

samoanaÃliz n. self-analysis; introspection.

samobyÃtnost; n.f. 1, originality. 2, distinctive char-acter.

samobyÃtnyj adj. 1, original. 2, distinctive.

samovaÃr n. samovar.

samovlaÃstie n. 1, one-man rule. 2, fig. despotism. ÑsamovlaÃstnyj, adj. despotic.

samovl[bl\nnyj adj. conceited. Ñsamovl[b-l\nnost;, n.f. conceit.

samovnuweÃnie n. autosuggestion.

samovozgoraÃnie n. spontaneous combustion.

samovoÃlie n. arbitrariness; high-handedness.

samovoÃl;no adv. 1, on oneÕs own. 2, without permis-sion.

samovoÃl;nyj adj. 1, doing things on oneÕs own. 2, unauthorized: samovoÃl;naq otluÃhka, absence without leave.

samovospitaÃnie n. self-study.

samovosplameneÃnie n. spontaneous combustion.

samogoín n. homemade liquor, esp. vodka; moonshine. ÑsamogoÃn]ik, n., colloq. moonshiner.

samodviÃ'u]ijsq adj. self-propelled.

samodeÃlka [gen. pl. -lok] n., colloq. homemade article.

samodeíl;nyj adj. homemade.

samoder'aÃvie n. autocracy. Ñsamoder'aÃvnyj, adj. autocratic.

samodeÃr'ec [gen. -'ca] n. autocrat.

samodeÃqtel;nost; n.f. 1, individual initiative. 2, amateur activities; amateur production.

samodeÃqtel;nyj adj. 1, independent. 2, amateur.

samodiÃjskij adj. Samoyed.

samodiscipliÃna n. self-discipline.

samodovleÃ[]ij adj. self-contained; independent.

samodovoÃl;nyj adj. self-satisfied; complacent; self-complacent; smug. ÑsamodovoÃl;stvo, n. self-satisfaction; complacency; self-complacency; smugness.


samoduÃr n. high-handed person. ÑsamoduÃrstvo, n. high-handedness.

samozabveÃnie n. 1, self-consciousness; reverie. 2, absorption. 3, selflessness.

samozabveÃnnyj adj. 1, all-consuming. 2, selfless.

samozaro'deÃnie n. spontaneous generation.

samoza]iÃta n. self-defense.

samozvaÃnec [gen. -nca] n.m. [fem. -nka] impostor.

samozvaÃnyj also samozvaÃnnyj adj. pseudo-; false; self-styled.

samokaÃt n. scooter.

samokriÃtika n. self-criticism. ÑsamokritiÃheskij, adj. self-critical.

samol\t n. plane; airplane; aircraft.

samoliÃhno adv., colloq. oneself; on oneÕs own; person-ally.

samol[biÃvyj adj. proud.

samol[Ãbie n. pride; self-respect.

samomneÃnie n. conceit.

samonabl[deÃnie n. introspection.

samonadeÃqnnyj adj. self-assured; presumptuous. ÑsamonadeÃqnnost;, n.f. self-assurance; presumption.

samonazvaÃnie n. self-designation.

samoobespeÃhennyj adj. self-sufficient. Ñsamo-obespeÃhennost;, n.f. self-sufficiency.

samoobladaÃnie n. self-control; equanimity; compo-sure.

samoobmaÃn n. self-deception.

samooboroÃna n. self-defense.

samoobrazovaÃnie n. self-study.

samoobsluÃ'ivanie n. self-service.

samoopredeleÃnie n. self-determination.

samootver'eÃnie n. = samootveÃr'ennost;.

samootveÃr'ennyj adj. selfless. ÑsamootveÃr'en-nost;, n.f. selflessness.

samootvoÃd n. (used with vzqt; or sdeÃlat;) declin-ing of a nomination; withdrawal of oneÕs candidacy.

samootreheÃnie n. self-denial.

samooheviÃdnyj adj. self-evident.

samopiÃsec [gen. -sca] n. recorder: bortovoÃj samo-piÃsec, flight recorder.

samopiÃska [gen. pl. -sok] n., colloq. fountain pen.

samopo'eÃrtvovanie n. self-sacrifice.

samoproizvoÃl;nyj adj. spontaneous. Ñsamopro-izvoÃl;nost;, n.f. spontaneity.

samopuÃsk n. self-starter.

samoroídok [gen. -dka] n. 1, nugget. 2, fig. person with exceptional natural talent.


samosaÃd n., colloq. home-grown tobacco.

samosvaÃl n. dump truck.

samoso''eÃnie n. self-immolation.

samosoznaÃnie n. consciousness.

samosoxraneÃnie n. self-preservation.

samostoqÃtel;nyj adj. independent; self-reliant. ÑsamostoqÃtel;no, adv. independently; on oneÕs own. ÑsamostoqÃtel;nost;, n.f. independence; self-reliance.

samostreÃl n. 1, crossbow. 2, self-inflicted wound (made to evade military service). 3, colloq. soldier with a self-inflicted wound.

samosuÃd n. mob law; lynching.

samot\k n. aimless unplanned progression; drift: pustiÃt; deÃlo na samot\k, to let matters take their course.

samot\kom adv. 1, (of the movement of liquids) by gravity. 2, fig. spontaneously; on its own momentum.

samoubiÃjstvo n. suicide: pokoÃnhit; 'izn; samo-ubiÃjstvom, to commit suicide. ÑsamoubiÃjstven-nyj, adj. suicidal.

samoubiÃjca n.m. & f. person who has committed sui-cide.

samouva'eÃnie n. self-respect; self-esteem.

samouveÃrennost; n.f. 1, cockiness. 2, self-assuredness.

samouveÃrennyj adj. 1, too sure of oneself; cocky. 2, (of a look, tone, etc.) confident; self-assured.

samounihto'eÃnie n. self-destruction.

samoupravleÃnie n. 1, self-government. 2, self-management. ÑsamoupravlqÃ[]ijsq, adj. self-governing.

samoupraÃvnyj adj. arbitrary. ÑsamoupraÃvstvo, n. arbitrariness.

samouhiÃtel; n.m. self-teaching manual.

samouÃhka [gen. pl. -hek] n.m. & f., colloq. self-taught person; self-educated person. VyÃuhit;sq hemuÃ-nibud; samouÃhkoj, to teach oneself something.

samoxvaÃl;stvo n., colloq. boasting; self-congratula-tion.

samoxoÃdka [gen. pl. -dok] n., colloq. self-propelled gun.

samoxoÃdnyj adj. self-propelled.

samocveÃt n. semiprecious stone. ÑsamocveÃtnyj, adj. semiprecious.

samoceÃl; n.f. end in itself.

samohiÃnnyj adj. 1, arbitrary. 2, done on oneÕs own initiative. ÑsamohiÃnno, adv. on oneÕs own.

samohuÃvstvie n. general physical and mental state: Kak vaÃwe samohuÃvstvie?, how are you feeling (in general)?

samuraÃj n. samurai.

samwiÃt n. box tree.

saÃmyj adj. 1, the very: do saÃmogo koncaÃ, to the very end; groziÃt; saÃmomu su]estvovaÃni[ (+ gen.), to threaten the very existence of. 2, in tot saÃmyj or tot 'e saÃmyj, the same: tot saÃmyj heloveÃk, kotoÃryj..., the same person that... 3, used in forming superlatives: saÃmyj vaÃ'nyj voproÃs, the most important question. 4, in saÃmoe boÃl;wee, the most; at (the) most: saÃmoe poÃzdnee, at the latest.

san n. rank; title. Ñposvq]aÃt; v duxoÃvnyj san, to ordain (as a clergyman).

sanatoÃrij n. sanitarium; sanatorium.

sangviniÃheskij adj. excitable; mercurial.

sandaÃl n. sandalwood.

sandaÃliq n. sandal.

sandaÃlovyj adj. sandalwood.

saÃni [gen. saneÃj; dat. sanqÃm] n.pl. sleigh; sled.

sanitaÃr n. 1, hospital attendant. 2, mil. medical orderly. 3, [also, sanitaÃr-nosiÃl;]ik] stretcher-bearer.

sanitariÃq n. sanitation.

sanitaÃrnyj adj. 1, sanitary: sanitaÃrnoe sostoqÃnie, sanitary conditions. 2, mil. medical: sanitaÃrnyj bata-l;oÃn, medical battalion. ÑsanitaÃrnoe suÃdno, hos-pital ship. ÑsanitaÃrnaq suÃmka, mil. first-aid kit.

saÃnki [gen. saÃnok] n.pl., colloq. sled; sleigh.

sankcioniÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ru-ew;] to sanction.

saÃnkciq n. 1, sanction; approval. 2, pl. sanctions.

saÃnnyj adj. of a sleigh; used for sleighing. ÑsaÃnnyj sport, tobogganing.

sanoviÃtyj adj. = sanoÃvnyj.

sanoÃvnik n. dignitary; high official.

sanoÃvnyj adj. 1, high-ranking; distinguished. 2, stately; dignified.

sanskriÃt n. Sanskrit. ÑsanskriÃtskij, adj. Sanskrit.

santigraÃmm n. centigram.

santiÃm n. centime.

santimeÃnty [gen. -tov] n.pl., colloq. sentimentality.

santimeÃtr n. 1, centimeter. 2, tape measure.


sap n. glanders.

saÃpa n., mil. trench. _tiÃxoj saÃpoj, on the sly.

sap\r n., mil. sapper. Ñsap\rnyj, adj. of or used by a sapper.

sapoÃg [gen. sapogaÃ; gen. pl. sapoÃg] n. boot. Ñdva sapogaÃ Ñ paÃra, the two make a pair; they deserve each other.

sapoÃ'nik n. shoemaker.

sapoÃ'nyj adj. shoe (attrib.).

sapsaÃn n. peregrine falcon.

sapfiÃr n. sapphire. ÑsapfiÃrnyj; sapfiÃrovyj, adj. sapphire.

saraÃj n. shed. ÑdrovqnoÃj saraÃj, woodshed. ÑkareÃtnyj saraÃj, coach house. ÑloÃdohnyj saraÃj, boathouse.

saranhaà n. 1, locusts. 2, a (single) locust.

sarafaÃn n. 1, pre-rev. peasant womanÕs dress. 2, sleeve-less dress.

sardeÃl;ka [gen. pl. -lek] n. small sausage.

sardiÃna n. sardine. Also, sardiÃnka.

sardoniÃheskij adj. sardonic.

saÃr'a n. serge. ÑsaÃr'evyj, adj. serge.