Sustainable Land Management for Mitigating Climate Change
Table 3. Estimates of area under tropical rainforest (Adapted from NRC, 1993; FAO, 2003)
- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Latin America
|
Region |
Tropical Rainforest Area (Mha) | ||
|
1980 |
1990 |
2000 | |
|
Africa |
289.7 |
241.8 |
224.8 |
|
Latin America |
825.9 |
753.0 |
718.8 |
|
Asia |
334.5 |
287.5 |
187.0 |
|
Total |
1450.1 |
1282.3 |
1130.6 |
31. Conversion of natural TFEs to agricultural land use leads to a rapid decline in the SOC pool which, in severely degraded soils, may decrease to 20% of the antecedent pool (Figure 10). Adoption of recommended SLM practices and technologies on degraded soils of TFEs can help sequester more SOC (mitigation) and adapt to CC. These practices include: no-till (NT) cropping of root or grain crops with crop residue mulch and integrated nutrient management (INM) for soil fertility improvement, adoption of agroforestry measures, establishing tree crop plantations (cocoa, coffee) with companion shade crops, and afforestation with rapidly growing and site-adapted plantations (Lal, 2005a, b). The rate of SOC sequestration under these SLM strategies depends on the amount and quality (C:N ratio, lignin content, etc.) of biomass added, depth and proliferation of the root system, conservation-effectiveness of these measures for erosion control and change in soil moisture and temperature regimes that decreases the rate of decomposition of the biomass. The key is to select SLM practices that increase biomass addition to the soil, decrease the rate of its decomposition, and create a positive ecosystem C budget. Restoration of degraded soils and agriculturally marginal lands through afforestation and establishment of perennial vegetation cover (plantations) is an important strategy. Afforestation is also important for water conservation and reducing risks of soil erosion and sedimentation. Establishment of deep-rooted species helps transfer biomass C into the sub-soil where it is away from the zone of frequent perturbations (e.g. farm operations, erosion), and is sequestered for a long time.
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