Swot analysis en
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Methodological NotesThis analysis was drawn within the project Macroeconomic Framework for Technology Encouragement in Bulgaria and is aiming to outline the major tendencies for the technological development of the country in the recent years. The Project is being carried out in compliance with the Framework Treaty Between the Governments of the Republic of Bulgaria and the Federal Republic of Germany. The parties to the Project are respectively the Ministry of Economy on the behalf of Bulgaria and the German Society for Technical Co-operation (GTZ GmbH) on the behalf of Germany. The study fulfils the information requirements of the project and is a key stage to attaining its major goal: Development of Macroeconomic Framework for Technology Encouragement in Bulgaria. Therefore, the presentation cannot be expected to fit into the format of a perfect printed edition. All materials are presented as their authors submitted them and there were no attempts to fully harmonise the stylistic layout of the research. The major merits of the text are the analyses and the information presented. The authors’ team is made up of experts in the respective areas, whereas most of the analysis and the methodology were developed by the Center for Economic Development with the consulting assistance and co-operation of the Frauhofer Institute, Berlin. The objective of this analysis is to outline the major tendencies observable in the technological industries of Bulgarian economy during the recent 3-4 years, making, in parallel, a comparative survey of the corresponding indicators and factors typical for Germany, the EU and some of the state-applicants for EU membership. The approach of the research aims at producing a set of practically oriented results and at structuring the presentation in such a way as to cover a maximum number of factors influencing the technological development of Bulgaria. The analysis uses the so-called SWOT method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), where the strengths and the weaknesses are usually linked to the characteristics of the environment internal to the industry (for instance, the technological level of the industry, the availability of qualified specialists, etc.) and the opportunities and threats are related to the environment external to the industry (the existence of modern infrastructure, the quality of the educational system, etc.). Where the scope of the research focuses on the level of individual industries and industry groups, no clear-cut distinction can be made between the environments interior and exterior to the industry, which might give rise to variations in treatment and overlapping of strengths and opportunities, , weaknesses and threats. Therefore, in order to avoid a purely theoretical dispute in this respect (which is not the objective of this analysis), a more practical approach has been adopted and instead of discussing the strengths, the opportunities, the weaknesses and the threats, the text focuses on the achievements and problems. Most of the data used in the analysis come from very reliable sources such as the National Statistical Institute, Eurostat, EU, the OECD, the World Economic Forum in Davos, etc. A major part of the information was structured and processed by the National Statistical Institute and the Center for Economic Development, exclusively for the needs of the present research, and has never seen prior publications and analyses. The use of the above mentioned sources exhibits some shortcomings such as the absence of finalised data on some of the indicators for the years of 1999 and 2000, but there are also significant advantages such as the opportunity for making cross-national comparisons and constructing sustainable and dynamic orders. The presented information covers most fully the years from 1996 to 1998 extending, where possible, to the third quarter of 2000. Due to the physical impossibility to analyse all industrial and service branches within a period of two or three months, the survey focuses on the so-called high-tech industries. The choice of the high-tech industries is based on a 2-digit level of NACE (NACE is the statistical classification of economic activities of the European Union), which was rendered correspondent to the NIC (NIC is The National Industries Classification adopted by the National Statistical Institute). The higher tech and the medium-high tech industry sectors were taken from the latest classification of the OECD without making any additional research on intensity as regards scientific Research and Development (R&D) activities for these sectors in Bulgaria. The selection of high-tech services sectors was made on the basis of their links with high-tech industries. Thus, a full compatibility and comparability of data is attained between the current analysis and the researches of Eurostat1 and the OECD2. High-tech industries are grouped in the following industry groups: Higher tech manufacturing sectors:
Medium-high tech manufacturing sectors:
Higher tech sector of services:
Relevant practices world-wide show that these are the industries playing the most significant role for the progress of scientific R&D activities and acting as the major factor of sustainable economic growth. In addition to these industry groups, an analysis is presented of another four promising and structurally determining sectors, where the research is based on expert assessments and on a broader range of information sources. These sectors are not fully compatible with the methodology and the industries classification used in statistics. In some cases, such as biotechnology and automation, for instance, the so-called sectors incorporate activities from various industries and industry groups. Yüklə 2,06 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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