Table of contents monday, September 9, 1: 30pm-4: 00pm modular Multi-Level Converters, hvdc, and dc grids I 3
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Poster Session: Electric Drives
- Poster Session: Power Semiconductor Devices, Passive Components, Packaging, Integration, and Materials
- Poster Session: Emerging Technologies and Applications
| P1117 Hybrid Excitation Topologies of Synchronous Generator for Direct Drive Wind Turbine [#488]
Maxime Ployard, Ammar Aymen, Gillon Frederic, VIdo Lionel and Laloy Daniel, Ecole Centrale de Lille, France; JEUMONT Electric, France; Universite de Cergy Pontoise, France; EC Lille, France An analysis of Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator (HESG) topologies for a direct drive wind turbine is investigated. Through an optimization process, the topologies of HESG are compared regarding the cost and the total losses. The optimizations are performed at the nominal on-load operating point of the generator. The trade-offs between each topology are analyzed according to a set of Pareto fronts. An instrumented prototype of 900kVA approves the design process. Finally, the best Pareto optimal solutions are compared during an experimental operating cycle of the direct drive wind turbine. The efficiency improvement emphasizes the interest of the design by optimization. P1118 Resonant Based Backstepping Direct Power Control Strategy for DFIG Under Both Balanced and Unbalanced Grid Conditions [#58]
This paper proposes a resonant based backstepping direct power control (BS-DPC) strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under both balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. Proper formulae for the BS-DPC strategy are obtained based on the elaborated analysis of the mathematical model of DFIG. The influence of the unbalanced grid voltage on the normal BS-DPC is analyzed. Furthermore, a resonant based improved strategy is proposed to achieve different control targets under unbalanced grid condition without the need of decomposition of positive and negative sequence components. Comparative experimental studies of the resonant based BS-DPC and the normal BS-DPC for DFIG are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under both balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. In addition, the experimental results also prove that the proposed resonant based BS-DPC can achieve a satisfying transient performance. P1119 Design and Analysis of a New Five-Phase Brushless Hybrid-Excitation Fault-Tolerant Motor for Electric Vehicles [#107]
High reliability and wide range of speed regulation are key factors for motor driving system in electric vehicles (EVs). To meet the requirement for EV application, this paper proposes and investigates a new five-phase brushless fault-tolerant hybrid-excitation (FTHE) motor. First, the single concentrated stator winding is adopted to achieve fault-tolerance. The unequal teeth width and the asymmetric air-gap length are designed to optimize electromagnetic performances, such as back-EMF and torque. In addition, to realize flux- regulation, simple structure and no sliding contacts, based on the utilization of the high-harmonic component of the stator MMF, the rotor field winding and the rotor harmonic winding are designed. Moreover, topology and operation principle of the proposed motor are analyzed. Also, the characteristics of the proposed motor are investigated by using finite-element analysis. Finally, the experimental results are given to verify the validity of the proposed motor. P1120 Multi-objective Design Optimisation and Pareto Front Visualisation of Radial-flux Eddy Current Coupler for Wind Generator Drive Train. [#244]
In this paper the design optimisation of a 2.2 kW, double rotor, radial axis eddy current coupling operating at 97 \% efficiency, designed for a wind turbine drive train application is described. A computationally efficient finite element analysis in conjunction with gradient (MMFD) and population (NSGA) based design optimisation algorithms is used in order to obtain an optimal coupling design. The two optimisation algorithms are evaluated in terms of speed and accuracy. The comparison between copper and aluminium conductor materials revealed that the aluminium is the preferred material in terms of mass and cost. A gradient-based analysis method with regard to the input parameters of the genetic optimisation algorithm's pareto curve is proposed. P1121 Reducing Estimated Parameters of a Synchronous Generator for Microgrid Applications [#706]
Synchronous generators are widely utilized in microgrids with high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources for small scale power generation. An accurate model of a synchronous generator is key to effective planning and operation of a grid-tied microgrid as well as stabilizing the frequency and regulating the voltage in an islanded microgrid. In this paper, a new strategy, based on the sensitivity trajectory analysis, for modeling a synchronous generator, which influences the transients of a microgrid greatly, is proposed. This method partitions the model parameters into significant and less significant sets. It is shown that in microgrid modeling, only the significant parameters need to be identified, and the remaining parameters can be replaced by typical values as they do not influence the model outputs critically. Reduction of the estimated parameters allows for modeling other components using on-line measurements, increases the reliability of the identified parameters and generalization capability of the characterizing model. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated by modeling a 5.3 MVA synchronous generator utilized in the San Diego State University microgrid. P1122 Brushless Dual-Electrical-Port, Dual Mechanical Port Machines Based on the Flux Modulation Principle [#815]
Based on the flux modulation principle, this paper proposes a novel brushless dual-electrical port dual mechanical port (DEDM) machine. From the view of derived torque equations, the proposed topology can be regarded as a combination of a motor/generator with a brushless magnetic continuously variable transmission. First, the structure and operation principle of the proposed machine are introduced. Then, the function and operation modes are discussed. Moreover, some parasitic effects which may influence the machine performance are also researched. Finally, several key performances are investigated and analyzed by finite element algorithm (FEA). Poster Session: Electric Drives Monday, September 19, 5:30PM-7:00PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Uday Deshpande, Gianmario Pellegrino P1301 An Equivalent Dual Three-phase SVPWM Realization of the Modified 24-Sector SVPWM Strategy for Asymmetrical Dual Stator Induction Machine [#60] Kun Wang, Xiaojie You, Chenchen Wang and Minglei Zhou, Beijing Jiaotong University, China A modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy based on vector space decomposition and its equivalent dual three-phase SVPWM realization are proposed in this paper, which is suitable for two-level six-phase voltage inverter fed asymmetrical dual stator induction machines (DSIMs). The DSIM is composed of two sets of symmetrical three-phase stator windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The proposed SVPWM technique can reduce the torque ripple and suppress the harmonic currents flowing in stator windings. Above all, the equivalent relationship between the proposed SVPWM technique and the dual three- phase SVPWM technique has been demonstrated, which allows easy implementation for digital signal processor (DSP). Simulation and experimental results, carried out separately on a simulation system and a 3.0 kW DSIM prototype test bench, are presented and discussed. P1302 A Speed estimation method for free-running induction motor with high inertia load in the low speed range [#271]
Rotational speed sensorless drives need to estimate a rotor speed before an inverter starts when an induction motor is running freely with high inertia load. In this paper new estimation method for the initial rotor speed estimation in particularly low rotational speed has been proposed. To avoid over current and re-generating torque, the double derivation of the secondary flux is utilized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed experimentally. P1303 Design Optimization and Performance Investigation of Novel Linear Switched Flux PM Machines [#20]
A novel partitioned primary linear switched flux permanent-magnet machine (LSFPMM) is presented. Its primary is divided into two separate parts: one is the armature containing iron core and windings, and the other is magnetic poles containing PMs and iron core. For the optimal design objective of maximum thrust force and minimum thrust ripple, the novel partitioned primary LSFPMM with 9 primary/10 secondary poles is optimized. The electromagnetic performance of this optimized partitioned primary LSFPMM has been analyzed and compared with that of original one. The corresponding prototype of optimal design is manufactured and possible machining errors are discussed. Finally, the measurement is carried out, which verifies the predicted results. The research shows this novel structure has high force performance and is suitable to machine tools, conveyers and punching machine. P1304 A Coordinated SVPWM without sector identification for Dual inverter fed Open Winding IPMSM System [#181]
A coordinated space vector modulation (SVPWM) algorithm without sector identifications is proposed for the dual inverter fed open winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) system, where the duty ratios of the three phases for each inverter are directly calculated, and no trigonometric function calculations or sector identifications are involved. Moreover, the switching frequency for the whole system will be decreased to 1/3 of that of the conventional modulation scheme which employs one SVPWM for each inverter respectively. A new criterion is defined to evaluate the output voltage ripples, and a comparative investigation on the proposed coordinated SVPWM and other two existing modulation algorithms is exhibited. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy. P1305 Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Current Control for PMSM Using Grey Prediction [#302]
This paper proposes a finite control set model predictive current control (FCS- MPCC) with grey prediction for surface mounted PMSM drives. The basic FCS-MPCC is combined with grey prediction to improve the dynamic performance current control. Grey system takes into account both certain and uncertain information in real system, and use the rolling optimal grey sequence to predict the control current for cost function. The performance is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment. The results illustrate that FCS-MPCC with grey prediction expresses a good current response under the load disturbance and good performance under different parameter variations. Meanwhile the steady-state performance of current can be assured. Poster Session: Power Semiconductor Devices, Passive Components, Packaging, Integration, and Materials Monday, September 19, 5:30PM-7:00PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Giovanna Oriti, Enrico Santi P1501 The Impact of Triangular Defects on Electrical Characteristics and Switching Performance of 4H-SiC PiN Diodes [#903] Yeganeh Bonyadi, Peter Gammon, Roozbeh Bonyadi, Olayiwola Alatise, Ji Hu, Steven Hindmarsh and Philip Mawby, University of Warwick, United Kingdom In this work the impact of a surface morphological defect, i.e. the triangular defect on fabricated 4H-SiC PiN diodes is explored. Diodes are intentionally fabricated on triangular defects on wafers with 35 (PiN1), and 30 (PiN2) um 4H- SiC epitaxial layers in order to understand their impact on the resulting electrical characteristics and switching performance. We show for the first time the impact of triangular defects on switching characteristics of 3.3kV SiC PiN diodes fabricated on and off-defects and prove that the existence of triangular defects limit the active area of the devices and creates a short through the drift region, which increases the leakage current by almost 6 orders of magnitude higher than the devices off-defect. TEM images obtained from the defects verified these electrical results. Also, the reverse characteristics show that both substrates suffer from soft breakdown. The switching results show that the presence of triangular defects does not negatively affect the carrier lifetime of devices on-defect. In contrary, there is some evidence (especially in lower current values) that the amount of stored charge is increased. However, this depends on the ratio of defect to the active area of the devices. P1502 Performance Evaluation of Series Connected 15 kV SiC IGBT Devices for MV Power Conversion Systems [#1163]
The 15kV SiC IGBT (2 um and 5 um buffer layer) with chip area of 8.4 x 8.4 mm2 is the state of the art high voltage device designed by Cree Inc. This device is expected to increase the power density of converters and the demonstration of the device in applications like Solid State Transformers has been published. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the performance of the device in very high voltage (HV) application, where series connection of devices is required. This paper addresses design considerations of series connection of 15kV SiC IGBT devices for high voltage converter applications. A simple RC snubber has been used to control both dvdt and dynamic voltage balancing during turn-off. P1503 Comparative Performance Evaluation of Series Connected 15 kV SiC IGBT Devices and 15 kV SiC MOSFET Devices for MV Power Conversion Systems [#1494]
The 10-15kV SiC MOSFET and 15kV SiC IGBT (2 um and 5 um buffer layer) are the state of the art high voltage devices designed by Cree Inc. These devices are expected to increase the power density of converters and the demonstration of these devices in applications like Solid State Transformers (SST) have been reported up to 4.16 kV-13.2 kV grid connection. It is interesting to investigate the performance of the devices in very high voltage (greater than 13.2 kV) application, where series connection of devices is required. Therefore, this paper addresses design considerations of series connection of 15 kV Silicon carbide (SiC) IGBT devices and series connection of 10 kV-15 kV Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET devices in two separate independent cases and their experimental comparison. P1504 Equivalent Circuit Models and Model Validation of SiC MOSFET Oscillation Phenomenon [#1566]
SiC MOSFETs are known to provide a better performance compared to Si IGBTs. However, they can also introduce undesirable behaviors like switching oscillations due to the existence of parasitic elements. In this paper, we introduce the turn-on and turn-off switching equivalent circuit models and validate these models with commercially available SiC MOSFETs. Based on the models, theoretical analysis is carried out and the guidance of damping circuit design is provided. Circuit simulations and experimental measurements are performed to validate the modeling method as a general treatment for ultrafast switching applications. In addition, a method of extracting parasitic inductances of packaged SiC MOSFETs using a network analyzer is introduced. The measured parasitic inductance values prove to be more realistic than the values estimated by the device manufacturer when being used in the equivalent circuit models. Furthermore, a detailed justification and experimental validation on the assumption of gate loop resistive contribution are provided. P1505 Enabling DC Microgrids with MV DAB Converter based on 15 kV SiC IGBT and 15 kV SiC MOSFET [#1657]
The 15kV SiC IGBT and 15kV SiC MOSFET have been recently developed to enable non-cascaded high-frequency (HF) MV converters. Such direct MV DC interfacing Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter is getting popular for DC micro-grid application due to higher efficiency, higher power-density and higher MTBF over the cascaded DAB topology. The high dv/dt in these devices on hard-switching with their inherent parasitics, causes increased EMI and switching loss. The suitability of the two family of SiC devices for an application, depends on the switching frequency, load range and magnitude of power, operating temperature and converter power density. This paper compares the two devices for a MV DAB application for dc micro-grid based on simulation and also with supporting MV side converter experiments up to 10kV DC bus and under 5- 20kHz switching frequencies. Poster Session: Emerging Technologies and Applications Monday, September 19, 5:30PM-7:00PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Xiaonan Lu, Pericle Zanchetta P1701 An LC Compensated Electric Field Repeater for Long Distance Capacitive Power Transfer [#73] Hua Zhang, Fei Lu, Heath Hofmann, Weiguo Liu and Chris Mi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China; University of Michigan, United States; San Diego State University, United States This paper proposes an LC-compensated electric field repeater to extend the transfer distance of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. The repeater contains two metal plates, connected with an external capacitor and an external inductor. The plates are used to generate electric fields to transfer power. The external inductor and capacitor are used to resonate with the plates to increase the voltage levels. The repeater is placed between a transmitter and a receiver, which also contains metal plates compensated by an LC network. The repeater can increase the transfer distance of the CPT system without significantly influencing the system power and efficiency. In this paper, the capacitive coupler structure and dimensions are designed and simulated using Maxwell software. Considering all the capacitive coupling between plates, an equivalent circuit model is derived. The fundamental harmonics approximation method is used to analyze the working principle of the circuit. A 150W input power CPT system is designed as an example to validate the proposed repeater structure and compensation circuit topology. The system can achieve an efficiency of 66.9% from dc source to dc load, when the transfer distance is 360 mm and the repeater is placed between the transmitter and receiver. P1702 A Selection Method of Mutual Inductance Identification Models Based on Sensitivity Analysis for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging [#158]
Wireless power transfer has been recognized as a promising technology for electric vehicles charging. However, the parking misalignments between the transmitter coil on the ground and the receiver coil inside the car may cause variations in the mutual inductance for the charging system, which will reduce its transfer power and efficiency. In order to improve the transfer efficiency and optimize the operating condition, it is essential to identify the mutual inductance. In this paper, identification models are studied with and without communication feedback from the receiver coil under two typical cases (resonant transmitter and inductive transmitter). A selection method based on sensitivity analysis is proposed to select models of high accuracy against measurement errors and sampling propagations. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method. This work is helpful for evaluating and improving the wireless charging system tolerance against misalignments as well as optimizing its operation condition. P1703 Short-Circuit Protection of Power Converters Using SiC Current Limiters [#207]
In this paper, a method to limit fault current from DC side short-circuit condition in AC-DC power converters is presented. This approach is based on using Normally-ON SiC-JFETs in series with the DC capacitors as Current Limiting Diodes (CLDs). In this configuration, the gate and source contacts of the JFETs are connected together to make two-terminal devices (VGS=0). Under a fault condition, the capacitors voltage appears across the devices causing them to operate in the saturation region where their current is limited by channel pinch-off and self-heating. Whereas under normal conditions, the CLDs operate in the linear I(V) region where they exhibit low on-state resistances and therefore, have minimal effect upon the converter operation. This paper also includes experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in limiting capacitors discharge current during a fault and to demonstrate its small influence on normal operation. P1704 Impedance Measurement of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Systems in DQ-Domain: Applying MIMO-Identification Techniques [#417]
Grid impedance and the output impedance of grid-connected inverter are important parameters for analyzing the operation and stability of renewable energy systems. The impedance mismatch between the grid and the inverter may easily destabilize the interface and cause harmonic resonance. Online impedance measurement techniques are required since the impedances vary over time with many parameters. Online impedance measurement enables adaptive tuning of various inverter control parameters. This paper proposes an online impedance measurement technique to capture inverter impedance in the dq-domain. Moreover, the method allows simultaneous measurement of impedance d and q-components. The method is based on the use of orthogonal binary sequences. P1705 A New Design Methodology for a 1-Meter Distance, 6.78MHz Wireless Power Supply System for Telemetries [#567]
In this paper, a new large distance, 6.78 MHz, fixed frequency, 50 W output, wireless power transfer system design methodology for telemetries has been proposed. Receiver side tuning topology is selected in the first step of the design methodology. Then, a nominal coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coil has been calculated using given distance and coil diameters. Feasible ranges of the transmitter and the receiver coil inductances are identified in the following step of the design methodology that satisfy given voltage and current limits. In the feasible design space concept, multiple transmitter and receiver coil geometries are found that result in maximum power transfer efficiency. Then, the control stability, copper weight, volt-amp ratings of the coils are calculated and their contour plots are plotted using the coil geometries. The contour plots show the trade-offs between the system performance and the coil geometry selection. A new variable K is defined in order to find an optimal coil geometry. Using the variable K, the geometries of the transmitter and the receiver are able to be determined. The proposed design methodology is evaluated using an example wireless power transfer system design for an on-line condition monitoring system for a catenary. The efficiency and loss distribution of the designed wireless power system is evaluated by comparison of the theoretical, FEA, and circuit simulation results.
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