Table of contents monday, September 9, 1: 30pm-4: 00pm modular Multi-Level Converters, hvdc, and dc grids I 3
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Poster Session: Transportation Electrification Applications
- Poster Session: Power Converter Topologies
| P306 Interleaved Hybrid Boost Converter with Simultaneous AC and DC Outputs for Microsource Applications [#906]
Amrita Sharma, Pramod Bura, R. K. Singh and Ranjit Mahanty, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), India This paper proposes an interleaved hybrid boost converter (IHBC) with simultaneous AC and DC outputs for microsource applications. The proposed IHBC is realized by interleaving two boost converters and replacing the control switch of one of the boost converters with H-bridge voltage source inverter network. The IHBC gives DC and AC output simultaneously from a single DC input and has the property that summation of modulation index (m) and the steady state duty ratio (D) may be more than one unlike the conventional hybrid converters. Thus, the proposed IHBC is capable of giving high DC and AC voltage gainand has inherent shoot through protection capability. A suitable modified unipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is discussed and a feedback loop is designed to regulate the DC output voltage. Steady state and dynamic modeling is carried out to exhibit the advantages of the IHBC. The proposed IHBC is validated for DC microsource (solar cell) through mathematical modeling, simulation, and experimental results. P307 Robust Inverter Control Design in Islanded Microgrids Using $$-Synthesis [#1532]
In this paper, a robust controller is designed to control the output voltage of an inverter with an LC type output filter in an islanded microgrid. The proposed controller includes a local droop controller, as well as a robust controller that is designed based on the $\mu$-Synthesis technique. The performance of the designed controller is proven to be robust to the uncertainties which include the time delay and parameter changes during the operation of the inverter, while the resonant oscillations are properly damped to meet the standard requirements. The proposed controller only relies on output feedback which alleviates the need for extra sensors to measure the states of the system. Simulation are conducted to verify the robust performance of the designed controller in the presence of parameter uncertainties and time delay. P308 Economic Analysis of a Regional Coordinated Microgrids System Considering Optimal PEVs Allocation [#1643]
In this paper, the economic analysis of a regional coordinated Microgrids system (RCMS) considering the allocation model of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is proposed. Such a system is made up of a Residential Microgrid (RMG) and an Industrial Microgrid (IMG), and the two microgrids are already configured with optimized wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. In this model, the PEVs are served as a mobile energy storage system, purchasing energy from RMG at off-peak times when electricity prices are low, and selling to the IMG when electricity prices are high. To minimize the total cost of RCMS, the optimal number of PEVs is figured out by means of improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. To research the factors affecting optimal PEVs number and cost of the system, the relationship of PEVs charging and discharging price is deeply analyzed. The proposed smart optimal allocation model is tested with case one and case two. The simulation results show that the total cost of the system is effectively reduced adopting the proposed model. P309 Design of a Cooperative Voltage Harmonic Compensation Strategy for Islanded Microgrids Combining Virtual Admittances and Repetitive Controllers [#1666]
Non-linear loads (NLLs) in three-phase systems are known to produce current harmonics at -5, 7, -11, 13, ... times the fundamental frequency; harmonics of the same frequencies are induced in microgrid voltage, reducing therefore the power quality. Dedicated equipment like active power filters can be used to compensate the microgrid harmonics; alternatively, each distributed generation (DG) unit present in the microgrid can be potentially used to compensate for those harmonics. The use of the virtual admittance concept combined with a PI-RES control structure has been recently proposed as a harmonic compensation sharing strategy when multiple DGs operate in parallel. The drawback of this methodology is that a large number of RES controllers might be required to compensate for all harmonic components induced by NLLs. This paper proposes the combined use of virtual admittance control loop and repetitive controller (RC) for harmonic compensation. The main advantage of the proposed method is that only one RC is required to compensate for all the harmonic components, significantly reducing the computational burden and the design complexity. Poster Session: Transportation Electrification Applications Monday, September 19, 5:30PM-7:00PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Jin Wang, Yaosuo "Sonny" Xue P501 EMI Reduction Technology in 85 kHz Band 44 kW Wireless Power Transfer System for Rapid Contactless Charging of Electric Bus [#641] Tetsu Shijo, Kenichirou Ogawa, Masatoshi Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kanekiyo, Masaaki Ishida and Shuichi Obayashi, Toshiba Corporation, Japan A 44 kW wireless power transfer (WPT) system is being developed for rapid contactless charging in an electric bus in the 85 kHz band, the candidate frequency for a wireless charging system for light-duty vehicles that is currently undergoing standardization. For field operation of this WPT system using the 85 kHz band in Japan, permission for use as industrial facilities emitting radio waves is required under the Radio Act. A two-channel WPT system with currents of opposite phase in the two transmit pads of the channels is introduced to reduce radiated emissions to within the Radio Act limits of electromagnetic radiation disturbance by cancelling the emission from each channel. Then, the diagonal placement of the transmit pads for the two channels is proposed to avoid the interference between the two channels where the interference couplings become null. Finally, the measured emission of the 44 kW WPT system in a 10 m anechoic chamber is shown. P502 Design and Characterization of a Meander Type Dynamic Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Coil [#669]
The aim of this paper is to present an alternative coil topology for ICPT (Inductively Coupled Power Transmission) links, called meander type coil, specifically for dynamic charging. The analysis is carried out using FEM software FLUX supported by Matlab. The goal is to design an inductive link in such a way that the coupling keeps constant while the receiver part is moving along the track, in order to make the converter and the control easier to implement. Different geometrical parameters are analyzed and compared to obtain the highest efficiency value. P503 Design of S/P Compensated IPT System Considering Parameter Variations in Consideration of ZVS Achievement [#1365]
Due to variations of misalignment and clearance, the parameters of the contactless transformer (CT) change a lot, creating great challenge in the design and control of the inductive power transfer systems. In this paper, the characteristics of a S/P compensated resonant converter is analyzed by introducing relative self-inductance coefficient and relative mutual-inductance coefficient to describe the parameter variations for CT. Based on the voltage gain and input impedance analysis, the voltage gain value at the intersection point and the inductive region of the input impedance are found. Furthermore, a fully tuned point is selected fulfilling zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition for the full-parameter ranges of load and CT. A 7.5 kW prototype with constant frequency control is developed and fabricated to verify the analysis. P504 Coasting Control of EV Motor Considering Cross Coupling Inductance [#873]
Coasting is a fuel-saving driving mode that is usually active when the vehicle slows down. It is understood as the rolling of a vehicle without any positive or negative traction force. In an electric vehicle, coasting can be achieved by letting the q-axis current to be set to zero. However, braking action often occurs at high speeds when the gas pedal is tipped off. That is, negative torque is produced while the q-axis current is equal to zero. Such a braking torque reduces the coasting distance. To prevent such undesirable braking, a positive q-axis current command is injected in practice. In this paper, a cross-coupling inductance, Lqd, is studied as a main cause for the braking torque. If it is present, torque can be developed by only the d-axis current. Further, it grows quickly as the speed increases. The problem can be solved by shifting the angle of the reference frame. The compensation angle is analytically derived using two different methods. The proposed compensation method was demonstrated effectively by simulation and experiments. P505 Analysis and Comparison of Single Inverter Driven Series Hybrid System [#969]
This paper proposes and analyzes the novel single inverter driven series hybrid system. Conventional series hybrid power transfer system features the high- efficiency thanks to the variable torque and speed operation of the internal combustion engine. The increment in cost is, however, still remained as a hurdle. The proposed single inverter driven series hybrid structure reduces two high power inverters into one with low current rating. It also does not require rigid power transferring parts such as axles and enables flexible configuration. This paper presents the comparison of the proposed system with conventional parallel and series hybrid system. The characteristics of the electric system which uses single inverter are also analyzed. The feasibility and operation of the proposed structure are verified through the simulation. P506 Control Strategy for a Modified Cascade Multilevel Inverter with Dual DC Source for Enhanced Drivetrain Operation [#1178]
This paper presents a new control strategy for a modified cascade multilevel inverter used in drivetrain operations. The proposed inverter is a three-phase bridge with its dc link fed by a dc source (battery), and each phase series- connected respectively to an H-bridge fed with a floating dc source (ultracapacitor). To exploit the potentials of the inverter for enhanced drivetrain performance, a sophisticated yet efficient modulation method is proposed to optimise energy transfer between the dc sources and with the load (induction motor) during typical operations, and to minimise switching losses and harmonics distortion. Detailed analysis of the proposed control method is presented, which is supported by experimental verifications. P507 An Investigation of DC-Link Voltage and Temperature Variations on EV Traction System Design [#1254]
DC-link voltage and temperature variations are critical issues when designing an electric vehicle (EV) traction system. The paper presents an assessment of electric vehicle power-train options based on the Nissan Leaf vehicle, which is taken as a benchmark system providing same validation for the study. The Nissan Leaf traction machine is evaluated and performance assessed by considering DC-link voltage and temperature variations. An alternative traction machine design is proposed to satisfy the specification. The vehicle power-train is then modified with the inclusion of a DC/DC converter between the battery pack and DC-link to maintain the traction system DC-link voltage near constant. Additionally, inclusion of a supercapacitor system presents a much tighter input voltage specification but still doesn't completely eliminate the issue. Finally, installing a DC/DC converter to mitigate the faulted operation of electric machine drive is reported. P508 Compact and High Power Inverter for the Cadillac CT6 Rear Wheel Drive PHEV [#31]
Electric drive system for the Cadillac CT6 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Electric drive system for the Cadillac CT6 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Electric drive system for the Cadillac CT6 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Electric drive system for the Cadillac CT6 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Poster Session: Power Converter Topologies Monday, September 19, 5:30PM-7:00PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Pradeep S. Shenoy, Leon M Tolbert P701 Quadratic Boost A-Source Impedance Network [#553] Yam Siwakoti, Andrii Chub, Frede Blaabjerg and Dmitri Vinnikov, Aalborg University, Denmark; Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia A novel quadratic boost A-source impedance network is proposed to realize converters that demand very high voltage gain. To satisfy the requirement, the network uses an autotransformer where the obtained gain is quadratically dependent on the duty ratio and is unmatched by any existing impedance source networks and normal dc-dc converters with coupled magnetics at the same duty ratio and turns ratio. The term Quadratic Boost A-Source indicates its quadratic varying gain in the operating principle of the converter. The proposed converter draws a continuous current from the source and suits for many types of renewable sources. This capability has been demonstrated by mathematical derivation and proven in experiments with a single-switch 200 W, 40 kHz dc-dc converter. P702 Analysis and Design of a Switched-Capacitor Step-Up Converter for Renewable Energy Applications [#589]
In this work, a complete study of the dynamical behavior of a class of switched- capacitor converters is carried out. The relationships between voltages, currents and duty ratio are given, as well as the corresponding ripples on the inductor currents and capacitor voltages that allow the proper selection of elements of the converter. The linear switching, nonlinear average and linear average models are derived. Transfer functions of possible variables to be used for control purposes are analyzed too. Experimental results in a 150 W converter are shown to verify the theoretical results given within. P703 Non-Isolated High-Step-Up Resonant DC/DC Converter [#740]
A non-isolated high-step-up resonant DC/DC converter made up of a resonant inverter and a passive switched-capacitor(SC) rectifier, is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is free of transformer and coupled-inductor. Thus, issues related to the leakage inductance and the large volume magnetic component caused by large turn's ratio of high-voltage-gain applications, are avoided. Besides, as the converter contains only one active switch, its control is simple. Second harmonic voltage across the switch is attenuated to provide low voltage stress for the active switch and a higher voltage gain of the converter. The voltage gain of the converter is not achieved by a single stage, but by the gain product of the resonant inverter and SC rectifier. A prototype with input voltage 6 V, 500 kHz switching frequency, 50% duty cycle, is constructed to validate the performance of the proposed converter. The voltage gain of the prototype is over 33 times and the achievable efficiency is close to 90% under a wide load resistance range. P704 Three Level DC-DC Converter Based on Cascaded Dual Half-Bridge Converter for Circulating Loss Reduction [#162]
An improved two-half-bridge cascaded three-level (TL) DC-DC converter with reduced circulating current is proposed in this paper. The converter contains two transformers but without clamping diodes or flying capacitors. The rectifier stage is composed of four diodes and four windings of the two transformers. Because of the proper sequence of the windings, the circulating currents on the primary side of the transformers decay to zero during the freewheeling period. Although the circulating current is reduced, the primary switches still achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS). Furthermore, the proposed converter can reduce the current ripple of the filter inductor, leading to a reduction in output filter inductance. Due to the advantages mentioned above, the proposed converter can meet the high efficiency, low size, and light weight requirements. Lastly, a 1kW prototype is built to verify the performance of the proposed converter. P705 Current-fed Converters with Switching cells [#381]
In this paper, new full bridge and half bridge current-fed converters with switching cells are proposed. Full bridge current-fed converters have several key applications in industry where high gain is required. However, conventional current-fed converters face some significant drawbacks: 1) current commutation problem of input inductor in case of dead time between the top switches of first and second leg. 2) High voltage spikes occur due to the leakage inductance of the transformer. In order to address these problems current-fed full and half bridge converters with switching cells are proposed and phase shift control scheme is employed to achieve zero current switching for the all the active switches. Theory, simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the working of the proposed converters. P706 Analysis of LCLC Resonant Converters for High-voltage High-frequency Applications [#419]
this paper proposes a novel LCLC full-bridge resonant converter with ZCS and ZVS for high-voltage high-frequency applications. In this operating model, both of ZCS and ZVS can be achieved and the switching losses can be reduced to a minimum. The proposed converter adopts the parasitic parameters of the step- up voltage transformer and one other serial capacitor is needed to form the resonant tank. Compared with other resonant converters, where only ZCS or ZVS can be achieved, the proposed working model can increase conversion efficiency with soft-switching features. Finally, A 40 V input, 4800 V output and 300 W prototype with 500 kHz switching frequency was built to verify the benefits of the proposed converter. The achieved efficiency of the converter peaked at 96.7%. P707 A Novel Constant Voltage Primary-side Regulator Topology to Eliminate Auxiliary Winding [#595]
Primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme is widely used in low-cost and low power applications such as cell phone charger and LED lighting. Generally, an auxiliary winding in the conventional flyback converter is used for both power supplier and feedback sensing. With the increase of labor cost, the transformer needs to be produced automatically. So the transformer architecture should be designed as simple as possible to meet automatic production requirement. In this paper, a novel constant voltage primary-side regulator topology is proposed to eliminate the auxiliary winding. On one hand, the controller is built in self- powered function. On the other hand, a dedicated scheme is used to guarantee the accurate output voltage sensing. Meanwhile, new technology is presented in detail to obtain better EMI performance. To verify the efficiency of the proposed constant voltage primary-side regulator topology, a dedicated constant voltage regulator integrated in a power IC is fabricated. The experimental results demonstrated that the prototype based on the proposed integrated chip has excellent regulation and EMI performance without auxiliary winding of the transformer. P708 Single-Phase/-Switch Voltage-Doubler DCM SEPIC Rectifier with High Power Factor and Reduced Voltage Stress on the Semiconductors [#617]
This paper proposes a single-phase SEPIC rectifier that works in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed rectifier employs a three- stage switch and a voltage-doubler structure. Hence, it works as two half- wave rectifiers with the output voltages series-connected and thus it provides a higher voltage gain. The paper presents the theoretical analysis of the proposed structure and it also discusses a comparison between the proposed converter and the classic SEPIC rectifier, which shows that the proposed converter might either provide reduced voltage stress on the semiconductors to the same output voltage level, or it might supply double the gain in the output voltage with the same voltage stress. In both cases, the novel rectifier maintains the high power factor with no current control from the classical DCM SEPIC rectifier. The study was verified by experimental results obtained with a prototype of 1000 W, 220 V at input voltage, 400 V at output voltage and 50 kHz at switching frequency. Testes at rated power provided a current THD equal to 3.2%, a power factor of 0.9992 and an efficiency of 94.34%. P709 Z-Source Resonant Converter with Power Factor Correction for Wireless Power Transfer Applications [#628]
In this paper the Z-source converter is introduced to power factor correction (PFC) applications. The concept is demonstrated through a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle battery charging, namely Z-source resonant converter (ZSRC). Due to the Z-source network (ZSN), the ZSRC inherently performs PFC and regulate the system output voltage simultaneously, without adding extra semiconductor devices and control circuitry to the conventional WPT system such as conventional PFC converters do. In other words, the ZSN can be categorized as a family of the single stage PFC converters. In addition, the ZSN is suitable for high power applications since it is immune to shoot-through states, which increases reliability and adds a boost feature to the system. The ZSRC-based WPT system operating principle is described and analyzed in this paper. Simulations, and experimental results based on a 1-kW prototype with 20-cm air gap between the system primary and secondary side are presented to validate the analysis, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the ZSN in the PFC of the WPT system.
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