Plant Communıtıes and Stand Structure Characterıstıcs
of Bolu-Ayıkaya Regıon
The aim of this study is to classify plant communities and to identify their stand structure characteristics in the Bolu-Ayıkaya region. The research area which is located in Ayıkaya Forest Enterprise, is composed of steep slopes. Its altitude varies between 600 m (Karadere river) and 1780 m (Kapıkaya Hill). In general, humid Oriental Beech and Uludağ Fir forests cover northern exposures where oceanic conditions prevail. However, humid Fir and Beech forests cover wide areas due to humid air mass which move inland through Karadere Valley.
The research area falls in the euxine part of the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region. It was found that the percentage of the species belonging to the Euro-Siberian region is 63%, of which 30% is euxine element.
According to RAUNKIAER life forms, it was calculated that the percentages of hemicriptophyte, phanerophyte, chamaphyte, therophyte and geophyte species of the recorded flora are 52%, 20%, 12%, 10% and 6% respectively. In general, the relative percentage of hemicryptophyte and chamephyte species is characteristic for cold climate in mountain and high mountain forest zones. Consequently, it was shown that the relative percentage of hemicriptophytes increases from lower to upper altitudinal zones in the region which has a hemicryptophyte climate according to life form spectrum.
As a result of classification and ordination of forest vegetation, identified forest communities are given below:
Class: Quercetea pubescentis (Ober. 1948) Doing Kraft. 1955
Order: Querco-Carpinetalia orientalis Quezel, Barbero, Akman 1980
Alliance: Carpino-Acerion Akman, Barbero, Quezel 1977
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