The Importance of Africa to The World System After 9/11 Attacks: War on Terrorism or Integration for Sustainable Development

Security; providence created man with life existence in bio diversity system, but man develop life existentialism of survival of the fit. This brought social inequality with disastrous consequences of selfishness, egocentrism, power struggle, totalitarian and multi-polarization for hegemony, leading to wars as experienced during WW I and II. This ushered man the necessity for a social equilibrium through social security regimes. By definition, security is a situation in which somebody or something is not exposed to danger. There are many types of security among which is social security, military security, public security, civil security, economic security and more, which is generally an assemble of preventive measures and safety interventions required and created to protect goods and persons against invasion and attacks. Strange sees the security structure in IPE, as a framework of power, created by the provision of security by some human beings for others most basic of basic human needs. Addressing questions like who provides security to whom? Against what threats? On what price or terms? Or from the consumers view point as, to whom does the state, corporation, social group or individual look for security? How much security is provided? On what terms? (Strange 1994: 46). Security in IPE comprises the state, enterprises, individuals, and the factors affecting their survival, caused by natural or human agency locally or globally, for example the Japanese builds earthquake resistant buildings, the Americans develop an elaborate hurricane warning system, they may be tigers still in India, but no more wolves in Europe, while threats from human agency to individuals include, criminals, lunatics, or carriers of serious diseases, to threats of organized crime, civil wars, revolutions¹⁸, regional wars, and threats of major nuclear war(ibid: 47). Other includes the conflict of authority between or within states in disagreement of their respective authority such as (crime and terrorism, war, strategic embargoes or blockades). Thus the paradox of coexistence of authorities that is the balance of power can be a power for peace or a cause for war.

Security dilemma refers to a situation wherein two or more states are drawn into conflict, possibly even war or over security concerns, even though none of the states actually desire conflict. Essentially, security dilemma occurs when two or more states each feels insecure in relation to the other states. None of the states involved want security to deteriorate, let alone for war to be declared, but as each state act militarily or diplomatically to make itself more secure, the other states interpret its actions as threatening. An ironic cycle of unintended provocations emerges, resulting in an escalation of the conflict which may eventually lead to open warfare (Kanji O. 2003, Security in Burgess G and H. Burgess (eds), Beyond Intractability. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado).