and let their losses run.
If you think of trading as a game and that a mistake is not following the rales of the game, then it becomes
much easier to follow these two rales. You should review your rales at the beginning of the day and review your
trading at the end of the day. If you followed your rales, even if you lost money, pat yourself on the back. If you
didn't follow your rales, then mentally rehearse what you did and give yourself more appropriate choices in the future.
The second majorproblem people have is dealing with stress. Stress really takes two forms: worry and the
biological fight/flight response. Our brains have a limited capacity for processing information.
If your mind is
preoccupied with worry, that worry takes up most of the decision space, and you don't have enough capacity left to
perform effectively.
One aspect of the fight/flight response is that it causes people to narrow their focus. They revert to earlier
well-practiced response patterns. For example, a common decision that people make under stress is not to decide.
They do what they did when they were a beginner. They do what their broker advises. In short, they do anything
simple. Simple solutions are rarely correct. When people are stressed, they also tend to be crowd followers. The
behavior of others provides a simple example to follow. Crowd followers don't have to make decisions, but crowd fol-
lowing is a sure way to lose money in the markets.
A second important effect of the fight/flight response is that it causes people to expend more energy. When
faced with stressful events, people give more effort to the few alternatives they do consider. They keep on doing what
they were doing—only they do it harder. Putting more energy into trading decisions does not help you make more
money. Instead
you will tend to make quick,
irrational choices, which use up some of that excess energy. You
probably put more energy into a losing position by actively resisting closing it out. The result is a bigger loss. In
summary, the fight/flight response will decrease your performance by causing you
to narrow your choices and
concentrate more energy on the remaining alternatives.
The solution for dealing with stress is to work on the causes and to develop stress protectors. I would
recommend that people with this problem go into a stress management program. Also, it is important to understand
that many stressful events are such because of the way you perceive them. Change those perceptions and you will
change the event itself. For example, winners typically differ from losers in their attitude about losses. Most people
become anxious about losses, yet successful speculators have learned that an essential ingredient to winning is to
make it OK to lose. Since most people in our culture are taught that only winning is acceptable, most investors must
change their beliefs about losses to become successful.
The third major problem that people have is dealing with conflict. People have different parts of themselves,
each of which has a positive intention. For example, someone might have a part to make money, a part to protect
him from failure, a part to make him feel good about himself, a part which looks after the welfare of the family, etc.
Now, once you establish these parts, you usually allow them to operate subconsciously. What happens is the parts
continually adopt new behaviors to cany out their intentions. Sometimes, those new behaviors can produce major
conflicts. This model of conflict is one of my most useful beliefs. I'm not saying that people actually have parts, but it
is very useful in helping people solve their trading problems for me to believe that. You just have to make them
aware of their parts and then conduct a formal negotiation between the parts so that each part is satisfied. If
possible, you also want to integrate the parts so that they join together.
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