United nations crc

Table 2

Target training group	Number of trainees
1. Male and female teachers (in rural areas)	1 493
2. Instructors	522
3. School administration officers (skills)	900
4. Supervisors	734
5. Educational leaders	1 105
6. Field participants	4 554
7. Head teachers of basic education schools	916
8. Persons without educational qualifications	300
9. Teachers (refreshers courses)	15 379
Total	25 903

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  Training for 64 participants from the welfare and judicial authorities in connection with children’s rights and children at risk;
  

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  Training for 60 participants from the committee which approves laws on rights and freedoms in the House of Representatives and the Consultative Council;
  
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  Training for 30 male and female judges who deal with children’s cases before the juvenile courts;
  
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  Training for 40 police and law-enforcement officers;
  
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  A working seminar of 34 male and female lawyers on the rights of the child and on giving effect to laws;
  
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  A working seminar on the girl child for the various authorities concerned with the welfare of girl children.
  

C. The right to life, survival and development

60. Article 30 of the Convention stipulates that: “The State shall protect mothers and children and cater for the welfare of young people.”

61. Under article 230 of the Penal Code, a newborn child is regarded as a person with human rights, provided that he or she is born alive.

62. Articles 128, 129, 130, 131 and 132 of the Personal Status Act make provision for the protection of the child and of his or her right to life, survival and development.

63. Articles 136, 149 and 158 of the Personal Status Act affirm that a mother has an obligation to breastfeed her child or, if this proves impossible, to have the child breastfed by another women in return for remuneration. Under the terms of this Act, the father also has an obligation to maintain the child, provided that he is wealthy or capable of earning a living. If he is indigent or incapable of earning a living, the responsibility for maintenance devolves on the mother and, after her, on other wealthy relatives, depending on their degree of kinship under the rules of inheritance, who are required to provide the child with food, clothing, accommodation and medical treatment.

64. Articles 4 and 5 of the Rights of the Child Act affirm that a child has the right to life, an inherent right which may not be violated under any circumstances. They also affirm that the State is responsible for the welfare of children and must seek to provide conditions which guarantee, in a healthy environment, a sound upbringing that respects freedom and human dignity.

65. Measures to give effect to the right of the child to life, survival and development: The Government has translated these laws into policies and programmes of action for the institutions concerned with the health of children as foetuses, newborns and infants, with the aim of guaranteeing the child’s right to life, survival and development, as follows:

Health:

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  The expansion and dissemination of health and treatment services;
  
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  Improvement of the standard of living for families;
  
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  Increased health awareness and knowledge of health among family members;
  
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  Reinforcement of the Expanded Immunization Programme in order to attain 90 per cent coverage against the seven diseases by means of the following interventions:
  

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  Regular inoculation campaigns reaching all target groups;
  
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  Awareness-raising of the importance of inoculation and involvement of the community to that end;
  
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  Improvement of child health through birth control by:
  

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  Raising awareness of the importance of birth spacing;
  
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  Encouraging intercourse during a woman’s safe period;
  
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  Improving maternal and child health and paying attention to maternal nutrition during pregnancy;
  
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  Raising awareness of the importance of breastfeeding and improving supplementary feeding and weaning;
  
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  Combating the infectious diseases which are the highest cause of child illness and death;
  
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  Protecting children from malnutrition;
  
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  Monitoring child growth;
  

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  The introduction of epidemic investigation systems.
  

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  Population activities and their relation to an improved quality of life for the child:
  

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  The general secretariat of the National Population Council, in conjunction with governmental and non-governmental institutions, elaborated the (updated) National Programme for Reproductive Health, Family Planning and Child Health for the period 1996-2006. This Programme is based on a set of principles and premises, in particular:
  

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  Emphasis on pressing child rights issues, child welfare, greater male and female equality in all stages of life and the elimination of all forms of gender discrimination;
  
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  Reduction of the current levels of fertility and maternal, infant and child mortality.
  

66. Some of these key projects and activities, which are designed to achieve the objectives of the population policy, have a bearing on matters relating to the right of the child to life, survival and development.

67. Measures to ensure the registration of child deaths: The Rights of the Child Act regulates the registration of child deaths under article 46, which stipulates that: “Births and deaths shall be confirmed by the official registers intended for that purpose. If there are no registers, or if the information entered in the registers is shown to be incorrect, they may be evidenced by any legitimate means.”

68. Article 47 of the same Act provides that official records and notifications of births and deaths shall be regulated by the Civil Status and Civil Registration Act.

69. Article 51 provides for the method by which births are notified; namely, births shall be notified to the competent authorities within 60 days of the date of birth.

70. Under article 58, the parent of the child or one of the persons responsible for notifying a childbirth, listed in article 52, is required to notify the death of a child. If the child dies before his or her birth is notified, the birth must first be notified and then the death. If the child is stillborn, his or her death must be notified.

71. The findings of the Yemen Demographic and Maternal and Child Health Survey, conducted in 1997, showed an infant mortality rate of 75 deaths per 1,000 live births and an under-five mortality rate of 105 deaths per 1,000 live births annually.

72. The Annual Statistical Reports, the Maternal and Child Health Surveys and the Poverty Survey produced in the past three years represent significant steps towards the provision of an information base on child mortality and its causes.

73. Special measures to prevent child suicide and violence against children: There are no specific measures in place to prevent child suicide, as it is not a problem from which Yemen suffers. Cases of violence in its various forms and manifestations also rarely occur. The security apparatuses nevertheless monitor, record and collect data on any such cases in order to facilitate analysis and take the necessary action.