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National Electronic Library: Project Proposal Submitted to the Ministry of Human Resource Development under the National Mission on Education through ICT

(Control No.:)
PART-I Personal Details


  1. Name and Dr. Jagdish Arora

  2. Designation Director

  3. Organization Name Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre

  4. Postal Address: Infocity, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382007

  5. City Gandhinagar

  6. State: Gujarat

  7. Phone: 079 23268201

  8. Fax: 079 23268111

  9. Email: director@inflibnet.ac.in

  10. Mobile: 09725051200

  11. Project Category:


PART-II: Information relating to Department / Institute

1. Name of Institute: INFLIBNET Centre Infocity, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382007

2. Title of the Research Project: National Electronic Library

3. Department/ Broad Area: e-Resources Management, Database Management and Software R &D

4. Major Areas of Research Digital Library, Database Management, e-Resources, e-Learning Material, IRs

5. Names & Designation of Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director, INFLIBNET Centre Principle Researchers in Infocity, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382007
the Major Areas and List
(CV enclosed as Appendix I)
of Publications during Last Co-PI
: Mr. Ashok Kumar Rai, Scientist-D (Comp Sc),
5 Years based on Work
Mr. Yatrik Patel, Scientist-D (Comp Sc),
Done in the Department: Mr Abhishek Kumar, Scientist-C (Comp Sc)

6. Is it Inter-disciplinary Project? Yes

7. Is it Inter-Institutional Project? No

8. Is any Industry/User agency participating? No

9. Brief of Completed and or Ongoing Research Projects Supported by MHRD in the Department during last 5 years:

i) N-LIST: The Project entitled “National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST)”, was being jointly executed by the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi, with financial support from the Ministry of Human Resource Development under its National Mission on Education through ICT. The project provides for the followings:

  1. cross-subscription to e-resources subscribed by the two Consortia, i.e. subscription to INDEST-AICTE resources for universities and UGC-INFONET resources for technical institutions;




  1. access to selected e-resources to Govt.-aided/non aided colleges; and




  1. promote, impart training and monitor all activities involved in the process of providing effective and efficient access to e-resources to colleges.


Current Status: The project was formally launched on 4th May 2010 and received funds from the NME-ICT for three consecutive years during XI Plan Period, i.e. 2009-10 to 2011-2012. However, funds could not be allocated to the project during the Financial Year 2012-2013 since NME-ICT Mission document did not provide for continuation of this initiative beyond pilot period. Considering the fact that the project has done exceedingly well during the pilot period, the UGC on requested of MHRD, agreed to subsume N-LIST into the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium as its college component. The UGC has allocated additional funding of Rs. 20.00 crores to the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium for continuation of N-LIST poject in the Financial Year 2013-2014.
The NLIST project, using a highly innovative access model, provides access to more than 6,000 e-journals and 97,000 e-books to all degree colleges except colleges imparting education in engineering, management, medical, nursing, pharmacy and dentistry. As on 20th June, 2014, 3,789 colleges have registered themselves for the N-LIST programme including 3,440 eligible colleges. Log-in IDs and passwords have been issued to more than 5,93,955 individual users including faculty, students and researchers from the member colleges across the country. Registered users can access e-resources through proxy server installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The project has since been honoured with three awards in the years 2010 and 2011, namely  i) Jury Choice Award e-INDIA 2010; ii)  The Manthan South Asia Award 2010 in Digital Learning Category for the year 2010; and iii) Skoch Digital Inclusion Award for Technology in Education for the year 2011.
ii) e-PG Pathshala: The MHRD, under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT) has allocated funds to the University Grants Commission (UGC) for development of e-content in 77 subjects at postgraduate level. The content and its quality being the key component of education system, high quality, curriculum-based, interactive content are being created in different subjects across all disciplines of social sciences, arts, fine arts and humanities, natural & mathematical sciences, linguistics and languages under this initiative named e-PG Pathshala. The INFLIBNET Centre is technical and administrative coordinator responsible for hosting all e-content being developed under this initiatives as well as administrative role for release of funds to individual PIs institute. The Learning Management System for e-PG Pathshala (http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/), is available in open access and is hosted on INFLIBNET server. Currently 73 subjects have been identified for the development of e-content and 567 modules of different subjects have been uploaded on the LMS.
iii) VIDWAN; An Expert Database and National Researchers Network: VIDWAN received funding from National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT), MHRD during the Financial year 2014-15 for developing a premier database of Indian experts in all disciplines with detailed profile of scientists, researchers and other faculty members working in leading academic institutions and other R & D organizations involved in teaching and research in India. The database would facilitate Ministries and Govt. Departments, policy makers and funding agencies to identify experts available in various disciplines and to establish communication directly with the experts who possess the desired expertise. These experts can be engaged for evolving research policies for Government, evaluate project proposals, participate in various committees and task force constituted by the Govt. Departments and Ministries. Experts / scholars would also be benefited through this platform in finding potential scholars with similar expertise, publicize expertise to larger research community and create information exchanges and networking opportunities among scientists. The database is being populated with profiles of experts from academic institutions, R&D organizations including IIT, CSIR, DRDO, etc. Currently, experts are available in Agricultural Sciences (2008), Biological Sciences (542), Chemical Sciences (1034), Physical Sciences (1421), Medical & Health (2179), Engineering & Tech (2906), Social Science (1700), Arts and Humanities (760). 
iv) Integrated e-Content Portal: The Integrated e-Content Portal is a web-based portal consisting of all e-contnet developed / funded under the National Mission of Education through ICT. There are more than 55 projects awarded to various Indian institutions, universities and colleges wherein e-content is being developed with funding from NME-ICT in various subject disciplines including science, arts, engineering, social science, etc. The portal would facilitate search, browse and navigation through all e-content hosted on the portal. A learner would be able to access desired material including audio / video learning material, textual material, multimedia enriched materials, etc. through a single integrated interface. Moreover, features of faceted search, syllabus-based search, usage statistics, personalized learning experience with provision for “my account” and “my space”, etc would also be incorporated in this portal.
The Centre is currently acquiring e-content distributed on different locations / websites of institutions of respective PIs. The Centre will also identify e-content, that are available in open access, incorporate multimedia component into these e-content, if required and host them on the platform under Common Creative License.
PART-III: Information relating to Department / Institute
10.a Principal Investigator Details
Dr. Jagdish Arora, is the Director of Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre from August, 2007 onwards. Prior to his present assignment, Dr. Arora has worked as the Librarian and Deputy Librarian at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi from Sept. 2003 to August 2007 and from March 1991 to June 2002 respectively. He was also the National Coordinator of the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, one of the most successful consortia initiatives in India, since its inception in 2002. He was Librarian at IIT Bombay from June, 2002 to August, 2003 and was Documentation Officer at the National Institute of Immunology, Delhi (1983 - 1991) and Asstt. Documentation Officer, ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. (1980 - 1983).
Dr. Arora is recipient of Fulbright Professional Fellowship in Library and Information Science (1997 – 98), SIS Fellow (1999), Young Librarian of the Year (2001, SATKAL), Librarian of the Year (IASLIC, 1999); ILA-Kuala Best Librarian Award (2004); and Master Motilal Sanghi Best Librarian Award (2009). He delivered 7th Dr. S.R. Ranganathan Memorial Lecture organized by Delhi Library Association in 2009. He was awarded “SATKAL Life Time Achievement Award” for the year 2011 by SATKAL, a Punjab-based Organization.
Dr. Arora was the Principal Investigator for several projects sponsored by agencies like AICTE, Deptt. of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Information Technology (MIT), Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the National Highway Authority of India and University Grants Commission. He was the Principal Investigator of the Project entitled “National Library and Information Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST)” funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) under the National Mission of Education through ICT. Currently, he is the Principal Investigator for the project entitled “Integrated e-Content Portal”.
He was a member of the delegation that visited selected libraries and library science schools in Germany in 2002. He was a member of the delegation to Jakarta, Indonesia and Bangkok, Thailand deputed by the Ministry of External Affairs and Ministry of Science and Technology to discuss development of INDO-ASEAN S & T Digital Library in November 2003 and May 2007 respectively. Dr Arora was a member of the International Library Advisory Boards of IEEE and IEE.
Dr. Arora has more than 70 research articles to his credit that were published in learned research journals and as chapters in books and conference proceedings. He has presented research papers in several national and international conferences and symposia in India and abroad.
His current research interests includes consortia-based subscription to e-resources, digital libraries, digitization of old and fragile documents and their storage, database-driven Web interfaces and Web-based library services, Web-based learning and education, access management technologies, scientometric analysis, etc.
10.b) Co-Principal Investigators
Mr. Ashok Kumar Rai, Scientist D (Computer science) is working at the INFLIBNET Centre since May 9, 2008. Prior to joining the INFLIBNET Centre Ahmedabad, he was working as Webmaster of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi from 1999 to 2008 and as a Consultant with Eurolink Systems Limited, Delhi. Mr. Rai has more than 19 years of experience including 5 years in teaching and researach and 16 years in software development and web technologies. Mr Rai holds a Masters Degree in Science (Mathematics) from Allahabad University (UP) and Master of Computer Applications (MCA) from Motilal Nehru Resional Engineering College (MNREC) (now MNNIT), Allahabad. Presently he is heading e-Resource Management Group including UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, NLIST and Web services at INFLIBNET Centre.
Shri Yatrik R Patel is working as Scientist D (Comp Sc) in the INFLIBNET Centre. He has been working with the Centre in various positions since 1998. Shri Patel holds BE in computer science. Presently he is engaged in software research and development activities including SOUL, open-source-software-development, installation and troubleshooting. He has extensive expertise in configuring servers and managing very large databases. He has been actively involved in almost all activities of the Centre including shodhganga, access management and open source search engines. He has contributed more than 10 papers in seminars, conferences and journals. His areas of interests are software development, library automation, digital libraries, cloud computing and virtualization techniques.
Shri Abhishek Kumar is working as Scientist-C (Comp Sc) in the INFLIBNET Centre. He has been working with the Centre since 2008. He holds M.Tech (IT) and B.E. (CS). Presently he is engaged with activities of Database Management Group, Software R & D, e-Content Development (e-PG Pathshala), UGC Schemes, etc. He is looking after the work of development of various online interfaces for different projects. He is also one of the core members of the Access Management R & D Group and Open Access R & D Group. Prior to joining the Centre, he has worked in an MNC software company.
11. Name of Participating Investigators
PI: Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director, INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar.
Co-PI: Mr. Ashok Kumar Rai, Scientist-D (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar; Mr Yatrik Patel, Scientist-D (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar and Mr Abhishek Kumar, Scientist-C (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar.
12. Whether a MOU has been Signed
No. All participating investigators are from the same Institute. However, intervention of MHRD will be required to bring together content or metadata from various digital library initiatives taken by different Ministries or Govt. departments.
13. Present Commitments of the Principal Investigators
Dr. Jagdish Arora is the Director of INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar. He is Chief Coordinator of the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium and NLIST programme which is now college component of UGC-INFONET. He is also PI for the project entitled “Integratd e-Content Portal” funded by the NME-ICT.
14. Other Members of the Research Group to Work on Proposed Projects
Mr. Ashok Kumar Rai, Scientist-D (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar;

Mr Yatrik Patel, Scientist-D (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar.

Mr Abhishek Kumar, Scientist-C (Comp Sc), INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar.


PART-IV

About Research Project

15 (a). Brief Summary of the Project

Several terms have been coined at different times to represent the concept of library without books, libraries having information in computer-readable format or having access to information in digitized or digital format. Electronic library, variable called paperless library, virtual library or digital library, is defined as a system that provides coherent, seamless and structured access to an organized and managed collection of information and knowledge in a distributed networked environment with assistance to users in searching, evaluating and utilizing resources available in the electronic library. Resources available in electronic libraries can be accessed using desktops, laptops, tablets, smart phones and other devices. Electronic libraries are also treated as logical extension and augmentation of physical libraries. Today’s electronic libraries are built around Internet and web technologies with electronic journals and electronic books as their building blocks.


The National Electronic Library, par se, should be a comprehensive database consisting of digital resources on or about India and as well as information generated in India. However, scientific research, being global in nature, cannot be conducted in isolation. As such, National Electronic Library of India must consist of national and international scholarly electronic resources including e-journals, e-books, learning materials, etc.
The most important component of an electronic library, besides hardware, software and network connectivity is the digital collection it hosts and provides access to. Types of e-resources that electronic library in India would host include i) electronic journals and e-journal archives that are made accessible through consortia initiatives such as UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INDEST-AICTE and N-LIST or open access e-journals made available through organizations such as Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, NISCAIR, and OJAS@INFLIBNET as well as through other national and international inititiaves; ii) electronic books and other documents that involved digitization of legacy resources such as Digital Library of India, National Mission on Manuscript (Ministry of Culture), projects funded by MCIT, CDAC, and Prasar Bharati or those that are purchased or subscribed from the publishers, eg. books acquired under N-LIST; iii) institutional and digital repositories consisting of digital e-resources that are borne digital such as ShodhGanga, ShodhGangotri, IR@INFLIBNET, IR@IITD, and ETD@IISc; iv) e-learning materials developed under NPTEL, NME-ICT, and other national and international initiatives; v) Govt. publications, reports, gazetters, etc.; vi) Art & cultural heritage objects and artifacts; and vii) Subject gateways and pathways such as Intute and InfoPort @ INFLIBNET.
It is proposed to consolidate and built upon the existing digitized collections that are dispersed across various institutions through an integrated and intuitive interface that would facilitate search, browse and discovery of these resources which would be organized and presented in user-friendly manner with an aim to exploit their true potential. Figure 1 below depicts thematic view of proposed National Electronic Library.


Stack Holders
Stakeholders for the National Electronic Library would include:


  • Students, researchers and faculty as users as well as contributors to the electronic library;




  • Working professionals and life-long learners as users of electronic library as well as contributors to the electronic library through IRs;




  • Universities and colleges as organizations that subscribe to digital resources and define policies on content creation and its delivery;




  • Centrally-funded technical and research institutions that subscribe to digital resources and define policies on content creation and its delivery;




  • Publishers, scholarly societies, university presses and aggregators as providers of content to academic institutions and research organizations on payment basis; and




  • Ministries, UGC, AICTE, NAAC and other regulatory bodies as funding agencies and policy makers.


15 (b). Digital Collections in the National Electronic Library
The National Electronic Library will have diverse types of collection from a variety of sources. Major components of collection infrastructure of the National Electronic Library would include the followings:


  1. Electronic Journals

Electronic journals (or e-journals) can be defined as any journal, magazine, e-zine, webzine, newsletter or any type of electronic serial publication which is available over the Internet and can be accessed using World Wide Web. Electronic journals can either be subscribed by individual institutions or through library consortia. Besides, thousands electronic journals are published in open access by several national and international organizations.


15(b).1.1. Access to E-Journals through Consortia in India
Over the past one decade, three library consortia were set-up under the MHRD, namely INDEST-AICTE Consortium, UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium and NLIST to cater to the needs of different categories of institutions. All the three initiatives are being merged to form “Consortium for Higher Education Electronic Resources (CHEERS India)” with a separate budget-head for the year 2014-2015. The INFLIBNET Centre is being assigned the responsibility of executing CHEERS India with consolidated funds to take greater benefit of total number of higher education institutions in India. Table 1 given below provides details of resources and beneficiary institutions under three MHRD-funded consortia that were being operated independently till 2013-14.

Consortium

Type of Institutions

Type of e-Resources

Current No. of Institutions

No of Institutions by end of 2017

UGC-INFONET

Universities, colleges and other research organizations


8,500 journals 10 bibliographic databases

208 core members

+

204 Associate Members*



250 (Core Members)

+

500 Associate Members*



INDEST-AICTE

IISc, IITs, NITs, IIMs and a few other centrally-funded technical institutions

20,748 journals 10 bibliographical databases

65

70+

INDEST-AICTE

Govt Engineering Colleges

200 journals

60

160

NLIST

Degree colleges, except for colleges imparting technical and medical education

6,000 journals 97,333 e-books

3400

10,000


Table 1: E-resources available through MHRD funded Consortia
* Associate Members are institutions that are not entitled for access to e-resources through MHRD funds. As such, these institutions can join CHEERS India as its Associate Member and get access to e-resources by paying their own subscription.
15(b).1.2. Open Access Journals
Open-access journals are considered as golden route for providing access to peer-reviewed literature in electronic format free of charge without any restrictions of access over the Web. Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org/) lists 9,744 open access journals including 590 OA journals published from India including Indian Academy of Sciences (11 journals), INSA (7 journals), OJAS (14 journals), NISCAIR E-Journal Repository (18 journals) and MEDIND@ NIC (108 journals). It will ensured that metadata from all open access journals are harvested into a centralized index that would be searcheable through an intgrated interface of the National Electronic Library.
It is also advisable that the Ministry under NME-ICT initiative, promote launching of a number of electronic journals in various disciplines in open access involving subject experts of high repute as members of editorial board for these journals. These journals should accept only high-quality research articles after an extensive peer review process. These journals should aim at achieving high impact factor in a short period of time. Moreover, experts from India as well as from other countries should be encouraged to publisher their research work in these open access journals. Such journals would constitute as an important component of National Electronic Library.
15(b).1.3. E-Journal Archives
Access to a given e-resource gets terminated as soon as the subscription period is over and consortium or subscribing institute decides not to renew its subscription for subsequent year. The archives of the subscribed contents needs to be preserved for future use using appropriate archival solutions. Most publishers offer access to e-journal for the period for which subscription was paid. However, publishers, most often, demand a fee for using their platform for accessing archives of e-journals after termination of subscription.
Moreover, the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium and INDEST-AICTE Consortium have invested considerable funds for purchase of digital archives of subscribed journals for selected universities and selected centrally-funded technical institutions on one-time payment and perpetual access basis. There are multiple means to get archival access to e-resource subscribed or purchased by a consortium including i) access from publisher’s platform; ii) local hosting of subscribed content on behalf of all consortia by a central agency; iii) engaging services of organizations like Portico and OCLC; and iv) technological solutions like CLOCKSS, LOCKSS, etc.
It may be noted that UGC-INFONET as well as INDEST-AICTE Consortium are operational for past ten years and as such the subscribing institutions, i.e centrally-funded technical institutions and universties own content in journals that is being subscribed for them by these two consortia for ten years, which can be hosted on local servers under agreement with publishers. However, these consortia or subscribing institutions, on their own neither had financial resources nor technical know-how required for local hosting of content.
E-journal archives would indeed be a very important component of National e-Library. Merits and demerits of each of the above-mentioned options would be examined minutely and practices being followed by other consortia, national and international initiatives would be observed before a decision is taken in this regard.
15(b).2. Electronic Books
An electronic book or e-book is digital reading material that a user can view on a desktop, laptop, tablet, mobiles or other dedicated portable devices such as Kindle, Cybook or Nook. Electronic books can be subscribed on annual subscription basis or they can be purchased out-right on one-time payment and perpetual access basis. The NLIST (see Table 1 above), for example, subscribes to Ebrary that offers 84,000 ebooks, besides, 15,000 books have been purchased on one-time payment and perpetual access basis.
Some of the important e-books that are already accessible to users in India in open access include: Project Gutenberg, considered as one of the first and pioneering open access e-book initiative, hosts more than 42,000 books. HathiTrust Digital Library proposes to host more than 50 lakh books in open access. The Digital Library of India, a project funded by Carnegie Mellon University and Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Govt. of India hosts 4.80 lakh books in open access.
The NCERT online textbooks, available through its portal can also be hosted on National Electronic Library or its content may be indexed for NEL.
The National Electronic Library would index the books available under above mentioned initiatives as well as all other books available in open access.
15(b).3. Digital and Institutional Repositories
Institutional repositories, considered as green route to open access publications, are web-based archive of scholarly material designed to organize and provide seamless access to scholarly publications produced by faculty or researchers of an institution in all subject disciplines. Directory of Open Access Repositories indexes 2,668 world-wide repositories including 62 Indian repositories. However, most of these institutional repositories in India are sparsely populated because of lack of institutional mandate on open access.
The academic community and promoters of open access initiatives including grant-giving agencies are supporting open access model of publishing to counter the problem of exponential increase in cost of scholarly journals and tighter control of publishers on it. More than 240 universities and 90 funding agencies worldwide have adopted open access mandate. Amongst universities that have adopted open access mandate for faculty are Harvard University and MIT (USA), University College London (UK), ETH Zurich (Switzerland), NIT Rourkela and Madurai Kamaraj University (India). Amongst the funding agencies that have adopted open access mandate for grant recipients are NIH (USA), Research Councils (UK), Wellcome Trust (UK), European Research Council, NKN, CSIR and ICAR (India). Moreover, commercial and society publishers are also supporting open access initiatives in a variety of ways. As per the survey conducted by SHERPA / ROMEO on publisher’s copyright policies and self-archiving, out of 1,510 publishers surveyed, 1,028 (71.66%) publishers support open access in one form or other whereas 423 (28.34%) publishers do not support open access formally.
The concept of IRs is associated with Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and its Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and digital interoperability. IRs are viewed as a part of universal digital library system consisting of repositories distributed across research institutions and universities all over the world. Metadata (bibliographic details) of each of these distributed IRs is harvested by the indexing services (called service providers or specialized search engines like ARC, OAISTER, Google Scholar, etc.) so as to provide unified and organized access to digital content distributed across IRs the world over. With interoperability built into the OAI-compliant IR software, individual institutions can participate in the process of building a distributed global digital library through their repositories.
It is proposed that MHRD may consider mandating setting-up of institutional repositories as well as open access to research articles in the institutions of higher education funded by it through these IRs. Mandating open access to scholarly publications will accelerate innovation, stimulate the economy, and maximize the return on taxpayer investment in research. Faculty and researchers in centrally-funded technical institutions as well as universities may be asked to prefer publishing their articles in open access journals and set up institutional repositories wherein every research article brought out by faculty and researchers in universities / research institutions should be deposited within six months of their publication. The INFLIBNET Centre may be given the responsibility to serve as a service provider and to harvest metadata from all institutional repositories distributed across various universities and other institutions of higher education in India with an aim to provide a unified index to all submissions made in IRs distributed across academic and research institutions and to provide value added services using unified index.
Moreover, the INFLIBNET Centre may also be given the responsibility for setting-up dedicated Institutional Repositories for institutions that do not have adequate ICT infrastructure, requisite expertise and network infrastructure required for setting-up and maintaining institutional repositories. The researchers and faculty from these institutions would be able to submit their research publications in the Central IR set-up at the INFLIBNET Centre. The INFLIBNET Centre will sign an MoU with universities and hand-hold universities in the process of setting-up interoperable institutional repositories, provide training in maintenance of IRs and train staff and faculty in populating IRs. These universities will, in turn, undertake to mandate / promote faculty and researchers in the universities to deposit preprints / post prints of their research articles in the IRs.
The institutional repositories would be an important component of the National Electronic Library. The IRs in long-term would contribute a growing number of research articles and other publications in NEL.
The Centre has already proposed a project on setting-up of inter-operable institutional repositories for funding to the NME-ICT. A few examples of adequately populated institutional repositories are given below.
15(b).3.1. Shodhganga: The National Electronic Theses and Dissertation Portal
ShodhGanga is a digital repository set-up for submission of electronic version of theses and dissertations by research scholars in universities in India and make them available in open access to the world-wide academic community in response to the UGC Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil. / Ph.D Degree, Regulation, 2009). ShodhGanga is set-up using Dspace that uses internationally recognized protocols and interoperability standards. 167 universties have signed MoU with INFLIBNET Centre to join the Shodhganga project and deposit their theses. Shodhganga provides access to more than 16,477 electronic theses and dissertations. Shodhganga Received the eIndia Jury Choice Award for Best ICT Enabled Higher Education Institute of the Year 2011.
15(b).3.2. Institutional Repositories
Directory of Open Access Repositories indexes 2,668 world-wide repositories including 62 Indian repositories. Examples of some of the most populated and highly used IRs are: Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Institutional Repository, National Institute of Oceanography India Digital Repository, Information and Library Network Centre Institutional Repository, National Institute of Technology Rourkela eThesis, NIC OpenMed, ICRISAT Repository, Indian Institute of Astrophysics Institutional Repository, National Aerospace Laboratories Institutional Repository, etc.
15(b).4. E-learning Material
There is a wide variety of content, across various subject disciplines that are hosted on a number of separate platforms, such as Sakshat (www.sakshat.ac.in), NPTEL (http://nptel.iitm.ac.in), CEC e-Content (http://cec.nic.in/E-Content/Pages/default.aspx); e-PG Pathshala (http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in), and E-Gyankosh (http://egyankosh.ac.in), etc. Moreover, the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), under its National Mission on Education through ICT, has sanctioned a large number of projects on content creation to various higher education institutions in the country. Content creation, using four quadrant approach, for more than 996 courses in 20 or more science and engineering disciplines, covering both undergraduate and postgraduate courses is underway. More than 20,000 lectures have been recorded in the engineering and technology disciplines during this project period, making approximately 500 video based courses. The Consortium for Education Communication (CEC) is developing e-content in 100 subject areas at undergraduate level under the NME-ICT. Likewise, UGC, is developing e-content in 77 subjects at postgraduate level with funding from NME-ICT.
An Integrated e-Content Portal is being developed by the INFLIBNET Centre to host all curriculum-based e-content that have already been developed or are being developed under the NME-ICT with an aim to provide highly structured and organized access to aggregated e-content even after the active period of Mission.
E-learning material would be an important component of NEL targeted not only to students and faculty but also to the life-long learners.
15(b).5. Subject Gateways and Pathways
Creating library portals, subject gateways or pathways (also called virtual libraries) are also considered as an important component of an electronic library.
Most academic and technical libraries in India provide links to Web-based, open access electronic resources that are considered important for their user community. These links are organized subject-wise as well as by the type of e-resource. However, there is no national-level initiative in India in this direction.
InfoPort is one of such initiatives taken by the INFLIBNET Centre. InfoPort is a subject gateway to Indian electronic resources designed to serve as a comprehensive gateway to all Indian scholarly content. The gateway open-up the Indian scholarly content scattered over the web through an integrated interface that support search, browse and multiple listing of more than 1,700 e-resources. The InfoPortal uses “Subject Gateway Management System (SGMS)” developed in-house by the INFLIBNET Centre as hosting platform.
15(b).6. Government Publications, Art and Cultural Heritage Objects and Artifacts
Government publications that are either digitized or are “borne digital”, art and cultural heritage objects, artifacts and manuscripts that have already been digitized by the National Mission on Manuscript (Ministry of Culture) or under projects funded by MCIT, CDAC, and Prasar Bharati, will also be an important component of National Electronic Library. Metadata for such collections would be harvested by the INFLIBNET or by third party aggregation services, if available through an institutional repository in organized and structured format. Otherwise, these collections will have to be re-organized in institutional repositories using standard metadata schema. Intervention of MHRD would be required to get such digitized collections hosted on the Web and fine-tuning these repositories enabling INFLIBNET or a third party to harvest metadata from these repositories.
15(b). Justification, Importance of Projects
Various components of the proposed electronic library are already available on the Web that are distributed across various academic and cultural institutions in India. A true effective, efficient and functional electronic library can be built by bringing these distributed collections together using technological means of integration and consolidation. A user can draw maximum advantage from electronic content if they are available through a single integrated platform that facilities search, browse, discovery and multiple listing of all the content hosted on it.
It is essential not only to host all diverse and distributed e-content into a single integrated platform to promote its usage, but it is also important to apply basic tenets of preservation and implement standard metadata schema of different types so as to ensure their long-term availability. It is envisaged that the usability of content available under National Electronic Library would increase multifold once all the e-contents are made available through a single integrated interface.
15(c). Details of the Work Already Done by Principal Investigator in this Area

The INFLIBNET Centre is an Inter-University Centre of the University Grants Commission. The Centre has taken highly innovative projects in the recent years that can effectively become an important component of proposed National Electronic Library. Such projects include networking of universities under UGC-INFONET, automation of university libraries, UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, NLIST project, setting up of institutional repositories for electronics thesis and dissertations (Shodhganga and Shodhgangotri), IR@INFLIBNET, VIDWAN database, InfoPort, Union Catalogue of books, journals, theses, etc.


Recently, the Centre has created an e-learning hosting platform to host e-content being developed under e-PG Pathshala project, funded by MHRD, NME-ICT. The Centre, besides hosting and maintaining its own websites and web-based services, is also hosting and maintaining website of the UGC as well as its portal for scholarships and fellowships. Dr Jagdish Arora, Director, INFLIBNET Centre is Principal Investigator for development of e-content for the Library & Information Science under e- PG Pathshala. Moreover, the Centre is also being given the reposibility to execute “Consortium for Higher Education Electronic Resources (CHEERS India) that has come into effect with merger of three MHRD-funded consortia, namely UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium, INDEST-AICTE Consortium and NLIST. The Centre has also set-up its own Data-Centre in the new building of INFLIBNET Centre.
16. Total Amount Required
17. Financial Requirement for the proposed project along with item-wise breakup expenditure for National Electronic Library is as follows:


  1. Non-Recurring Expenses

  2. Recurring Expenses

  3. Manpower


Budget Summary
18. Summary Sheet
1. Name of the Institution: INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar

2. Title of the Project: National Electronic Library

3. Name of the Department: E-resources Management, Database Management and Software R &D

4. Cost of the Project:

5. Amount Released Earlier if any: Not Applicable

6. Utilization Position in Respect of Grants Released Earlier: Not Applicable

7. Reasons for Unspent Balance: --

8. Name of the Principal Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director, INFLIBNET Investigator Responsible for Centre, Gandhinagar
implementation of the Project:



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