I. Introduction Loss Prevention Surveys
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- ENGINEERING FOOD BEVERAGE HOUSEKEEPING GLOVES
- X X X HEARING PROTECTION
- Occupational Noise Exposure
- Permissible Noise Exposures Noise Sources Sound Level Maximum Exposure
- Platforms, Railings and Toe Boards
- Machinery and Machine Guarding
- Swimming Pools and Whirlpools .....................................................................................2
- Playgrounds .......................................................................................................................9
- Baby-sitting ......................................................................................................................10
Training Training shall be provided for each employee who is required to use PPE. Each employee shall be trained in the following areas:
Employees should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the training and use of PPE before performing work requiring its use. Employees should be retrained when the types of PPE changes, the workplace changes, or the employee does not fully understand the training or use of PPE. Documentation of the PPE training should be maintained in the employee’s personnel file. A sample form is located in the appendix. Employees should consult with their supervisor if they have any questions regarding exposures or use of PPE. If any PPE is found to have been damaged or broken, the employee should report it to their supervisor. Defective or damaged PPE should never be used.
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Equipment The following chart indicates the PPE that may be needed to perform certain job duties. A Hazard Assessment should be performed by your safety committee to determine exactly which duties require PPE. ENGINEERING FOOD & BEVERAGE HOUSEKEEPING GLOVES: rubber - used to protect the hand from chemicals and Bloodborne pathogens. X X X GLOVES: mesh/cut-resistant - used to protect the hands from edged tools, knives, and cleaning meat slicers. X X
from foreign objects produced by cutting, sawing, hammering, grinding, spot welding, spraying chemicals, Bloodborne pathogens, etc. X X X HEARING PROTECTION: used to protect the employee’s hearing from noise. X If any chemical exposures at your hotel require the use of Respiratory Protection you should attempt to eliminate the exposure by changing products or contact the Loss Prevention Department for assistance. OSHA requires extensive training and testing for employees who use respirators. Health & Safety X-62
Occupational Noise Exposure Excessive noise can cause permanent hearing damage. To protect employees, it is management's responsibility to make sure they are not exposed to noise levels in excess of the standards. The current standard is 90 decibels (A - weighted) or 90 dBA for an eight hour exposure. Even at this noise level, hearing damage can be expected in some individuals. It may soon be a requirement, and it is considered good practice, to have hearing checked (audiometric testing) on an annual basis, for all employees exposed to 85-90 dBA noise levels for eight hours daily. If no hearing loss is observed, ear protection is not required. At greater than 90 dBA exposures (eight hours per day) or for higher noise levels in excess of the allowable time (e.g. 100 dBA for more than two hours) a continuing, effective hearing conservation program should be administered. Reference to the following table gives estimates of noise levels and the maximum allowable exposure times. It is required that either engineering controls such as enclosing noisy equipment, or administrative controls, such as limiting time of exposure, be utilized to reduce noise level or the exposure time to comply with the standard. If these control measures are not feasible, then effective personal protective equipment is required. There are many forms and types of ear protection that can be considered from earmuffs to ear plugs. Some are more useful than others, depending on the noise level, the frequency of the noise, and how well they fit the individual. It is necessary to provide protection that is effective and reasonably comfortable to the wearer. The following table is provided to assist in the evaluation of the noise levels in the workplace. If referral to the table indicates that levels and time of exposure are such that corrective action is needed, it is recommended that professional help be sought to correct the problem. A noise survey by adequately equipped and trained personnel should be made before implementing engineering and administrative controls, and/or setting up a hearing conservation program.
Pheumatic Chipper (at 5 Ft) 115 15 Min. Nearly impossible to communicate by voice Chain saw (at ear)/Rock N Roll Band 110 30 Min. Very difficult to communicate by Voice Wood Planer/Punch Press 105 1 Hour Shout with hands cupped between mouth and other person's ear Pneumatic Air Hoist, 4000 Lb 100 2 Hours Shout at 0.5 foot Newspaper Press/Power Lawn Mower (at ear)
95 4 Hours Shout at 1 Foot Vaneaxial Ventilating Fan(1500 CFRM)/Boiler Room 90 8 Hours Telephone use impossible Health & Safety X-63
Ladders & Platforms Ladders are often necessary to ensure that a job is completed in a safe manner, however the improper use of a ladder could result in serious injury. When ladders are used for any reason, the attached guidelines should be followed.
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A worker on a ladder must not carry any object or load that could cause the worker to lose balance and fall. Platforms, Railings and Toe Boards A standard railing consists of a top rail, intermediate rail, and posts. The distance from the upper surface of the top rail to the floor, platform, runway, or ramp should be 42 inches. The intermediate rail should be approximately halfway between the top rail and the floor. A standard railing can be of any configuration and construction that meets the basic dimension requirements (42 inches high with mid rail) and can withstand 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail. For wood railings, the rails and posts should be of at least 2" x 4" stock with posts spaced not more than six feet. For pipe railings, rails and posts should be at least 1½ inches outside diameter pipe with posts spaced not more than eight feet. For structural steel railings, posts and rails should be of 2 x 2 inch angles or other metal shapes of equivalent strength with posts spaced not more than 8 feet. The standard toe board should be approximately four inches in height from the floor to its top edge, with no more than a quarter inch gap between the toe board and the floor. It may be constructed of any substantial material either solid or perforated, as long as the openings are smaller than one inch. Every open-sided floor or platform four feet or more above the adjacent floor or ground level should be railed on all open sides except where there is entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder. Every stairway floor opening should be guarded on all exposed sides except the entrance to the stairway. Every ladder way floor opening should be guarded by a standard railing and toe board on all sides, with passage through the railing so constructed as to prevent a person from walking directly into the opening. Every runway or catwalk should have railings on all open sides four feet or more above ground or floor level. As a general condition: A standard toe board and railing are required wherever people walk beneath the open sides of a platform or under similar structures or where things could fall from the structure (for example, into machinery below). Health & Safety X-65
Machinery and Machine Guarding Machines designed for fixed locations should be securely anchored to prevent "walking" or tipping. One or more methods of machine guarding should be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, in running nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Guarding devices should prevent the operator from having any part of the body in the danger zone during the operating cycle. Many equipment representatives can assist in obtaining the necessary protective devices. The most common methods of guarding a hazard or hazardous machine operation are:
In-running Nip Points In running nip points are special dangers existing only through action of rotating objects. Whenever machine parts rotate toward each other, or where one rotates toward a stationary object, an in-running nip point is formed. Objects or parts of the body may be drawn into this nip point and be bruised or crushed.
Cutting action results when rotating, reciprocating, or transverse motion is imparted to a tool so that material being removed is in the form of chips. The danger of cutting action exists at the movable cutting edge of the machine as it approaches or comes in contact with the material being cut. Such action takes place at the point-of-operation in cutting wood, metal, or other materials as differentiated from punching, shearing, or bending by press action. Typical examples of mechanisms involving cutting action include band and circular saws, boring or drilling machines and grinding machines. Radial Saws To ensure safe operation, radial saws should be provided with the following: An upper hood to enclose the top portion of the blade down to a point that will include the end of the saw arbor. The sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade should be guarded to the full diameter of the blade by a device that automatically adjusts to the thickness of the stock being cut. Non-kickback dogs on both sides of the saw, designed to provide adequate holding power for all thickness of material being cut, if used for ripping. An adjustable stop which limits forward travel of the blade beyond the distance necessary to complete a cut in repetitive operations. Health & Safety X-66
A head which automatically returns to its starting position. Marking on the hood showing the direction of saw rotation. In addition, a permanent label should be affixed to the rear of the guard reading: "DANGER, DO NOT RIP OR PLOUGH FROM THIS END". Table Saws To ensure safe operation, table saws should be provided with the following:
Grinders To ensure safe operation, grinders should be provided with the following: Wheel Guard- Safety guards should cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections. The exposed area of the grinding wheel and sides for the safety guards should not exceed more than one-fourth of the entire wheel. When measuring the guard opening, the visors or other accessory equipment is not included as a part of the guard unless this accessory equipment is as strong as the guard. Work or Tool Rests- These rests should be of strong construction and designed to be adjustable to compensate for wheel wear. Work rests should be closely adjusted to the wheel, with a maximum clearance of 1/8 inch, to prevent the work from becoming jammed between the wheel and the work rest. Exposure Adjustment or Tongue Guards- This safety guard should be constructed so that the tongue guard can be adjusted to the constantly decreasing diameter of the wheel. The distance between the tongue guard and the wheel should never be more than ¼ inch. Goggles or a Face Shield- These should be worn by the operator. Fans To ensure safe operation, if fans are located within seven feet of the floor, they should be guarded with grille or mesh, limiting openings to not more than ½ inch.
The following is a partial list of regulations governing use of hand tools:
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surfaces should be sought. Compressed air should never be used to blow debris from a person. Compressed air may be used if no alternate method of cleaning surfaces is acceptable. The downstream pressure of compressed air should remain at a pressure level below 30 psi whenever the nozzle is dead ended, and then only when effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment is used.
XI. Leisure Activities Swimming Pools and Whirlpools .....................................................................................2 Fitness Center ....................................................................................................................8 Sauna .................................................................................................................................9 Playgrounds .......................................................................................................................9 Jogging Trails ....................................................................................................................9 Baby-sitting ......................................................................................................................10 Leisure Activities XI-2
Swimming Pools and Whirlpools Water Quality Water quality is a key component to swimming pool enjoyment. To ensure water quality, swimming pools and whirlpools should be tested and documented 3 times per day. Water quality is usually assessed by measuring pH and sanitizer levels. A sanitizer is a chemical, which is used to keep the water free from harmful bacteria and algae. In most cases, Chlorine or Bromine is used as the sanitizer. A chlorine residual of 1.0-3.0 PPM (parts per million) should be in the water at all times. When Bromine is used it should be maintained at a level of 2.0-6.0 PPM. If another sanitizer is used, the level should be maintained in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. pH is the measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of pool water. Readings below 7 are increasingly acidic, above 7 are increasingly alkaline. Under normal conditions, the proper pH for pool water is approximately 7.5 with pH 7.2-7.8 being an acceptable range. pH levels outside of this range may cause discomfort and irritation. Another measure of water quality is clarity. When testing water quality, clarity should be checked by observing the main drain of the pool. The ability to see the main drain should be recorded on the pool log. If at any time the main drain of the pool is not visible, the pool should be closed. When water quality in a pool or spas falls outside of the levels stated above, the facility should be closed until the water quality is restored. Enclosures To prevent unauthorized access to the pool during normal operating hours or while the pool is closed, the pool and whirlpool should be surrounded by a fence or separated from other public areas by an enclosure or barrier. If possible, guestrooms should not open directly onto the pool deck. A minimum of 5 feet of deck should extend between the pool and the pool enclosure. Ideally the fence surrounding the pool will be a minimum of 48 inches in height and have intermediate rails or an ornamental pattern such that a sphere 4 inches in diameter cannot pass through any opening. Gates should be equipped with self-closing and self-latching child resistant hardware. To help ensure proper operation, the gates should be inspected regularly. If the pool is located in a separate room, access to the room should be controlled by a card key access lock. All doors to the pool room should be equipped with self-closing self-latching hardware. Safety Devices To help prevent possible entrapment on pool drains, all swimming pools should be equipped with one of the following drain designs:
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Pools equipped with a single main drain which is 12 x 12 inches or smaller and is not equipped with an anti-vortex drain cover should either have an anti-vortex drain cover or an additional main drain installed. A visual inspection of the pool drain should be conducted each time the water is tested. If the drain cover appears damaged or loose, the pool should be closed until it can be repaired. Each time the pool is drained, the main drain should be physically inspected to ensure its structural integrity.
Ground Fault Interrupters (GFI) should be installed on all electrical outlets within 40 feet of the swimming pool and all other wet areas. Typical appliances to protect are ice machines, game machines and vending machines. GFI devices should be inspected and tested on a regular basis.
Pool lights should illuminate the pool so that the bottom is clearly visible from the deck. In the event that lighting is inoperable and the main drain is not clearly visible, the pool should be closed. Lighting typically falls into two categories 110 volt and low voltage (14 or less volts). GFI devices should be installed on all underwater lighting circuits, which are 15 or more volts. Yüklə 2,18 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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