Motor Learning Cordula Schall

Motor Learning

• Cordula Schall

• Physiotherapist

• Senior Bobath Teacher (EBTA)

• Physiotherapist of German National Team of Paralympic Swimmers

Motor Learning

• Definition:

• “a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement” (Schmidt & Lee, 2005, p. 302)

• change of behavior and activity

Motor Learning

• Learning of movement

• to develop ways an strategies of learning to have exit in learning new movements and fix the movements learnt. By this way it´s possible to give way to modifications, variations and and increase of difficulty and to combine parcial movmements. (RIEDER 1991)

• Motor Learning

• Construction, retention and change of specific basically sensory and motor but also cognitive and emotional structures and functions and their coordination with individual goals, external surrounding and requirement of the task. (MECHLING 1992)

Motor Learning

• Key concept since 1970

• Physical education
• Sport

• Neurological rehabilitation since 1980

• Stroke
• Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Motor Learning

Motor learning

• Any kind of learning includes

• Cognition

• Perception

• Motricity

• Learnig can´t be purely a motor task

• „Motor Learning“ is multimodal (M Jüptner)

Motor Learning - theories

• Different theories:

• Closed-loop theories (z.B.Adams 1971) = Control models, control by control processes
• Open-loop theory = Program models; centrally stored programs
• Integration theories (= control + program control; Schema theories of schemes, eg Schmidt 1975)
• Dynamic sistems theory
• And others
•  Motor learning principles

Motor Learning - course

• Basic Functions (GAGNÉ: Pay attention - Acquisition - Storage - Reproduction).

• Reception

• Processing

• Review

• Design and Programming

• Run and Check

Motor Learning - phases

• learning phases

• acquisition phase

• plateau phase

• regressive phase

• ceiling effect

Motor Learning - principles

• Kinds of feedback, important for Motor Learning

• 1. Systematic self-feedback information

• 2. Systematic external feedback information

• 3. Objective additional feedback information

• Biomechanical feedback proliferation
• Video feedback proliferation and cinematography

Motor Learning - principles

• Holistic learning: “Principle of reduced teaching aids”

• versus

• Part learning: “Principle of division into functional sub-units”

• The more complex the task, more holistic should be teaching (Dr. P. Wastl)

Motor Learning - course

• 1. Create a concept of the movement

• Demonstrate

• Explain

• Video, Film, Series

• make drawings

• 2. Preconditions for the execution of movement

• "open-loop" theories (centrally stored programs)

• "cloosed loop" theories (control by control processes)

Motor Learning - course

• 3a own information

• vestibular

• kinesthetic

• tactile

• acoustically

• visually

Motor learning - course

• 4. The perception of motion (in this case only the self-information) transfigures the idea of motion

• 5. Foreign informations about the execution of movement are reported back and run "calibrate" the motion perception

• 6.The motion perception (in this case the internal and external information) changes the idea of motion

Motor Learning

• Video: Simone – neurdevelopmental physiotherapy using the big therapy ball as medium (6.30 minutes)

Motor Learning - Neurorehabilitation

Motor Learning - Neurorehabilitation

Motor Learning - Neurorehabilitation

Motor Learning - Neurorehabilitation

Motor Learning - Neurorehabilitation

• Adapted passive-assistive movement

•  creation of image of movement

•  subsequent coordination of activity

Literature

• Jill G. Zwicker, Susan R. Harris „A reflection on motor learning theory in pediatric occupational therapy practice“, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy february 2009, Volume 76 number 1

• Dettmers C et al.“ Motor imagery in stroke patients or plegic patients with spinal cord or periphera diseases, Acta Neurol Scand. 2012 Oct;126(4):238-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01680.x. Epub 2012 May 16.

• De Vries S et al, „Recovery of motor imagery ability in stroke patients“. Rehabil Res. Pract. 2011;2011:283840. doi: 10.1155/2011/283840. Epub 2011 Apr 5.