100 general provisions

207.03 Construction Requirements. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) details the placement, location, and description of the temporary and permanent erosion control items. Use the SWPPP along with Item 207 to rearrange and modify the SWPPP and Contract Document quantities to meet the field conditions and to adhere to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.

In the event of conflict between these requirements and pollution control laws, rules, or regulations of other Federal, State, or local agencies, adhere to the more restrictive laws, rules, or regulations.

A. Clearing and Grubbing. Limit the surface area of erodible earth material exposed by clearing and grubbing, excavation, and borrow and fill operations by the amount of erosion control items capable of being placed according to the requirements of this specification. Where attainable, preserve existing vegetation.

Within 7 days following clearing and grubbing operations, stabilize all inactive cleared and grubbed areas that are scheduled to remain idle for more than 45 days with construction seed and mulch. At a minimum, use construction seed and mulch on all cuts and fills greater than 20 feet (6 m) high within 7 days of inactivity. The 20-foot (6 m) requirement applies when the total inactive acreage exceeds 5 acres (2.0 ha).

If an area is within 50 feet (15 m) of any water body (i.e., stream, river, pond, etc.) and is scheduled to remain idle for more than 45 days, then stabilize the area with construction seed and mulch within 2 days following the clearing and grubbing operations.

B. Installation of Sediment and Erosion Control Items. Install temporary sediment and erosion control items as detailed and according to the following requirements. Keep the sediment and erosion control items functional until the upper slope drainage areas are fully stabilized.

Construct items 1, 2, and 4 through 7 below according to the standard construction drawings.

1. Perimeter Controls. Use perimeter filter fabric fence to protect the project from sheet flow runoff from off Right-of-Way and off construction limit locations. Use perimeter filter fabric fence to protect the following project items from sheet flow runoff: water bodies, wetlands, or other significant items shown on the plans.

Use dikes to prevent sediment flow from coming on to the project and to non-vegetated barren areas on the project.

Install perimeter filter fabric fence and dikes concurrent with clearing and grubbing operations.

2. Inlet Protection. Construct the inlet protection for the existing inlets at the beginning of construction and for the new inlets immediately after completing the inlet.

3. Construction Seeding and Mulching. Apply seed and mulch materials according to Item 659 as modified below. When straw mulch is used, apply at a rate of 2 tons per acre (0.5 metric ton/1000 m²). Seed and mulch during and after construction, and before or during winter shut down to stabilize the areas according to 207.03.A. Fertilize construction seeding areas at one-half the application rate specified in Item 659. If project conditions prevent fertilizing the soil and preparing the seed bed, then the fertilizing and preparation requirements of Item 659 may be waived. Do not place construction seed on frozen ground.

4. Slope Protection. Place dikes, install slope drains, and construct ditches to divert water from bare non-vegetated areas and to protect cut and fill slopes. Place dikes at the top of fill slopes to protect the side slopes from erosion.

For fill slopes, if no filling activity occurs for 3 or more weeks and if slope height is steeper than 8 feet (2.5 m), install dikes and slope drains.

Before cutting the slope, construct a ditch at the top of cut slopes to reduce runoff coming on the slope.

Place the construction slope protection at the locations shown on the plans as the slopes are constructed. Construct according to Item 670.

5. Ditch Checks and Ditch Protection. Place filter fabric ditch checks or rock checks across a ditch and perpendicular to the flow to protect the ditch from erosion and to filter sediment from the flowing water.

Place ditch checks as soon as the ditch is cut. While working on a ditch, place the ditch checks by the end of the days work.

Install filter fabric ditch checks in ditches for drainage areas less than or equal to 2 acres (0.8 ha). Install rock checks in ditches for drainage areas between 2 to 5 acres (0.8 to 2.0 ha).

Install ditch checks in conjunction with sediment basins and dams.

Place the construction ditch protection at the locations shown on the plans as the ditches are cut. Construct according to Item 670.

6. Bale Filter Dike. Install bale filter dike a few feet (meters) from the toe of a slope to filter and direct sediment to an appropriate control item before the runoff enters a water body on or off the Project limits.

Use the bale filter dike to collect sediment from:

a. Areas less than 1/4 acre (0.1 ha) for each sediment pit.

b. Slopes with a length of less than 100 feet (30 m) and having a maximum 2:1 slope.

Use a sediment pit every 100 feet (30 m) for a 2:1 slope for every 1/4 acre (0.1 ha). Use a greater spacing of the sediment pit for flatter slopes.

Begin constructing bale filter dikes within 7 days of commencing grubbing operations. Complete the construction of the bale filter dike before starting the grading operations.

7. Sediment Basins and Dams. Construct basins and dams at concentrated and critical flow locations to settle out sediment before the water leaves the project. Use basins at the bottom of a ravine, at a culvert inlet, or outlet, along or at the end of a ditch and at any concentrated water exit point of the project. Construct basins to retain 67 cubic yards (125 m³) of water for every acre (0.1 ha) of drainage area. Use a series of smaller basins or dams as a substitute for a larger basin or dam.

Begin constructing sediment basins and dams within 7 days of commencing grubbing operations. Complete the construction of the sediment basins and dams before starting the grading operations.

When specified, construct construction fence around the Sediment Basins or Dams

8. River, Stream, and Water Body Protection. Protect all streams or water bodies passing through or on the project using perimeter filter fabric fence or bale filter dikes to line the water edge. Divert project water flow using dikes and slope protection. The Contractor may use a combination of items listed in one through seven above and other sediment and erosion control items, as approved by the Engineer.

a. Stream Relocation. Fully stabilize the new stream channel with erosion control mats, or 70 percent grass growth before diverting flow into the new channel. This also applies to ditches that incorporate stream flow.

b. Stream and River Crossings (Causeways). Fording is not allowed. Provide a crossing for construction equipment that does not erode stream banks or allow sediment deposits in the channel. Plan and locate crossings well in advance of needing them. Minimize disturbance to water bodies during construction, maintenance and removal of the stream crossing. Construct the crossings as narrow as practical. Make crossings in shallow areas rather than deep pools where possible. Minimize clearing, grubbing, and excavation of stream banks, bed, and approach sections.

Construct the stream crossings to a water elevation at least 1 foot (0.3 m) above the normal water elevation. If the stream crossing fills more than one-third the width of the stream, then use culvert pipes to allow the movement of aquatic life.

The following minimum requirements apply where culverts are used. Place culverts on the existing stream bed to avoid a drop in water elevation at the downstream end of the pipe. Furnish culverts with a diameter at least two times the depth of normal stream flow measured at the crossing centerline or with a minimum diameter of 18 inches (0.5 m) whichever is greater. Furnish a sufficient number of culverts to completely cross the channel from stream bank to stream bank with no more than 10 feet (3 m) between each culvert.

For all fill and surface material placed in the channel, around the culverts, or on the surface of the crossing, provide clean nontoxic dumped rock fill, Type B, C, or D, as specified in 703.19.B. Extend rock fill up slope from original stream bank for 50 feet (10 m) to catch and remove erodible material from equipment.

When the causeway is removed, the Contractor may elect to leave the dumped rock fill used around the pipe. Avoid impoundment or a restriction to fish passage when the rock remains. Remove all pipe when the causeway is removed.

207.04 Maintenance. Properly maintain temporary erosion control items with the Engineer’s approval. Dispose of silt removed from erosion control items according to 105.16.

The Engineer will check temporary and permanent erosion control items every 7 days or within 24 hours after a rainfall of more than 1/2 inch (10 mm).

A. Perimeter Filter Fabric Fence, Filter Fabric Ditch Checks, Rock Checks, Inlet Protection, Dikes, and Bale Filter Dikes. Remove trapped sediment when it reaches half the height of the lowest section. Make appropriate corrections when the erosion control items become nonfunctional. Maintain the erosion control items until the up-slope permanent grass coverage is 70 percent or better. At this stage, remove the erosion control items.

B. Sediment Basins and Dams. Remove deposited sediment when sediments reduce the initial volume of the sediment basin or dam by one-half. Make appropriate corrections when these erosion control items fail. Remove dams and basins no sooner than 3 days before placing the permanent seed and mulch on the entire project.

C. Temporary Erosion Control. Remove all temporary erosion control items before the project is accepted. Dispose of the removed materials according to 105.16 and 105.17.

207.05 Performance. With the Engineer’s concurrence, install additional erosion control items, make adjustments to meet the field conditions, and anticipated future work or corrections based on the Engineer’s weekly storm water inspections.

The Department will withhold progress payments if proper sediment and erosion controls are not provided and will continue to withhold progress payments until proper erosion controls are placed.

Comply with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws in the conduct of the work. The Contractor represents and warrants that the erosion control items under this item will be performed so as to be in compliance with the requirements of the Clean Water Act, 33 USC Section 1251 et seq. and the OWPCA, ORC 6111.01 et seq. and related rules. The Contractor warrants and agrees that it is equipped to limit water pollution for its activity according to applicable Federal and State standards.

Provide personnel, equipment, and other services necessary to comply with this requirement and include costs for the same in the bid.

The Contractor further agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Department, and shall reimburse the Department for the actual cost of any liability, damage judgment or finding, fine, penalty, or expense as a result of a violation of the above noted laws arising out of the activity of the Contractor in its performance of the Contract.

The Contractor shall reimburse the Department within 10 Calendar Days of the amount of the assessment, damage judgment or finding, fine, penalty, or expense or the Department may withhold this amount from the Contractor’s next pay estimate and deliver that sum to the permitting agencies issuing the assessment, damage judgment or finding, fine, or penalty.

These assessments are not to be construed as a penalty but are actual damages to recover the costs assessed against the Department due to the Contractor’s refusal or failure to comply with the above requirements.

These above provisions survive the completion and/or termination of the Contract.

207.06 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure fertilizer by the number of tons (metric tons) under 659 Commercial Fertilizer.

The Department will measure Construction Seeding and Mulching by the number of square yards (square meters).

The Department will measure Slope Drains by the number of feet (meters).

The Department will measure Sediment Basins and Dams by the number of cubic yards (cubic meters) of excavation and embankment.

The Department will measure Perimeter Filter Fabric Fence, Bale Filter Dike and Construction Fence by the number of feet (meters).

The Department will measure Filter Fabric Ditch Check by the number of feet (meters).

The Department will measure Inlet Protection by the number of feet (meters).

The Department will measure Dikes by the number of cubic yards (cubic meters) of excavation and embankment.

The Department will measure Construction Ditch Protection and Construction Slope Protection by the number of square yards (square meters).

The Department will measure Rock Channel Protection, Type C or D (with or without) filter by the number of cubic yards (cubic meters).

The Department will measure Sediment Removal by the cubic yards (cubic meters).

207.07 Basis of Payment. The Department will not pay if temporary erosion and sediment control items are required due to the Contractor’s negligence, carelessness, or failure to install permanent controls as a part of the work as scheduled; install such temporary work at no expense to the Department.

The Department will not pay for stream crossing work specified in 207.03.B.8.b.

If erosion control items in the Contract are properly placed according to the Contract Documents, the Department will pay to maintain or replace erosion control items at the unit bid prices or according to 109.05.

The Department will pay for sediment removed from dams, basins, inlet protection, ditch checks, rock checks, perimeter filter fabric fence, bale filter dikes, and all other types of filter fabrics, straw or hay bales, or any other temporary sediment control items under 207 Sediment Removal.

The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows:

Item Unit Description

207 Square Yard Construction Seeding and Mulching

(Square Meter)

207 Foot (Meter) Slope Drains

207 Cubic Yard Sediment Basins and Dams
(Cubic Meter)

207 Foot (Meter) Perimeter Filter Fabric Fence

207 Foot (Meter) Bale Filter Dike

207 Foot (Meter) Filter Fabric Ditch Check

207 Foot (Meter) Inlet Protection

207 Cubic Yard Dikes

(Cubic Meter)

207 Square Yard Construction Ditch Protection

(Square Meter)

207 Square Yard Construction Slope Protection

(Square Meter)

207 Cubic Yard Rock Channel Protection

(Cubic Meter) Type C or D with Filter

207 Cubic Yard Rock Channel Protection

(Cubic Meter) Type C or D without Filter

207 Cubic Yard Sediment Removal

(Cubic Meter)

207 Foot (Meter) Construction Fence

ITEM 208 rock blasting

208.01 Description

208.02 Regulations on the Use of Explosives

208.03 Product Specifications

208.04 Stabilization

208.05 Blasting Plan Submittal

208.06 Production Holes

208.07 Blasting Test Sections

208.08 Safety Procedures

208.09 Presplitting

208.10 Cushion (Trim) Blasting

208.11 Sliver Cuts

208.12 Blaster

208.13 Blasting Consultant

208.14 Pre-Blast Condition Survey

208.15 Vibration Control and Monitoring

208.16 Airblast and Noise Control

208.17 Hydrologist

208.18 Flyrock Control

208.19 Public Meetings

208.20 Record Keeping

208.21 Method of Measurement

208.22 Basis of Payment
208.01 Description. This work consists of using production and controlled blasting techniques to fracture rock or shale and to construct stable final rock cut faces.

Controlled blasting refers to the controlled use of explosives and blasting accessories in carefully spaced and aligned drill holes to produce a free surface or shear plane in the rock along the specified excavation backslopes. Controlled blasting techniques include presplitting, cushion (trim) blasting, and sliver cut blasting.

If the designed cut slope is steeper than 1:1 and deeper than 5 feet (1.5 m), use controlled blasting techniques, even if the main excavation is ripped or excavated. In rare instances, the Department will specify presplitting for 1 to 1 slopes. For all slopes that do not require controlled blasting techniques, rake, excavate, hoe ram, or mechanically shape these slopes to obtain a neat and smooth appearance.

Production blasting refers to the rock fragmentation blasts resulting from more widely spaced production holes drilled throughout the main excavation area adjacent to the controlled blast line. Detonate production holes in a controlled delay sequence.

208.02 Regulations on the Use of Explosives. Perform all blasting operations according to all applicable Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, and the provisions of 107.09. These regulated blasting operations include but are not limited to the following:

A. Storage and handling of explosives, blasting agents, and detonators.

B. Use of explosives in character and amount as allowed.

C. Storage plan, including the type of magazine or explosive storage facility to be used on the job site.

D. Record keeping, placarding, safe distances, and all other requirements concerning storage.

E. Obtaining and displaying magazine permits.

208.03 Product Specifications. Be aware that delay elements in blasting caps may deteriorate with age. Aged explosives are known to deliver much less than the rated energy.

If evaporation occurs or if improperly mixed, bulk explosives (such as ammonium nitrate and fuel oil) may not contain the proper amount of diesel oil. Low diesel oil drastically reduces the energy content of the explosive and commonly produces reddish brown or yellow fumes upon detonation even in dry blast holes.

Use products conforming to manufacturers’ specifications. Ship the manufacturer recommended expiration dates with the products delivered to the project. Do not use any blasting product that either is in excessive age or is in a deteriorated condition. Cease all work until the product’s age or quality is determined.

208.04 Stabilization. Remove or stabilize rock along the cut face that is loose, hanging, or creates a potentially dangerous situation during or upon the completion of the excavation in each lift. Do not drill the next lift until this work is performed.

208.05 Blasting Plan Submittal. Submit three copies of the Blasting Plan to the Engineer and one copy of the Blasting Plan to the Director for review at least 2 weeks before commencing drilling and blasting operations, or at any time the drilling and blasting methods change. If the drilling and blasting methods change, submit four copies of the changed sections one week prior to the work.

The Blasting Plan shall include, at a minimum, the following:

A. General details of the drilling and blasting patterns and controls proposed to use for both the controlled and production blasting.

B. Station limits of proposed shots. Critical distances to structures. Place the pre-blast survey limits detailed in 208.14 on the Right-of-Way or plan view sheets.

C. One plan and section view per main excavation cut of the proposed typical range of drill patterns including a range of free face, burden, blast hole spacing, blast hole diameters, blast hole angles, lift heights, and subdrill depths.

D. A typical loading diagram showing the type and amount of explosives, primers, and initiators and location and depth of stemming.

E. Typical range of initiator sequence of blast holes including delay times and delay system.

F. Manufacturers’ data sheets for all explosives, primers, and initiators to be employed.

G. Use the blasters or blasting plan forms in FHWA Publication FHWA-HI-92-001 Course Rock Blasting and Overbreak Control Manual. Adapt these forms to meet the project requirements.

In a subsequent submittal, submit one Detailed Plan for all test sections. (Submit or fax at least 24 hours before the shot.) Detail the specific proposed amounts of materials and work described in 208.05.A through 208.05.G above on this Detailed Plan.

The Blasting Plan submittal is for quality control, informational, and record keeping purposes. The review of the Blasting Plan does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for using existing drilling and blasting technology and for obtaining the required results.

If specified in the Contract, use an approved blasting consultant, conforming to 208.13, to assist with the blast design and to ensure that the Blasting Plan is carried out on the project.

208.06 Production Holes. Perform all production blasting, including blasting carried out in conjunction with the blasting test section requirements of 208.07, according to the following requirements:

A. Drill the production blast holes on the patterns and to the depths submitted in the Blasting Plan and Detailed Plan, as specified in 208.05, but not exceeding a depth of 60 feet (18 m). Drill the production blast holes within two blast hole diameters of the staked collar location. If the blaster does not drill the production holes then the blaster shall inspect the holes and review the drilling logs prior to loading the holes.

B. Deepen or clean-out blast holes if they are plugged or unable to be fully loaded. Check and measure blast holes before any explosives are loaded into any of the holes to eliminate any safety hazard resulting from drilling near loaded holes.

C. Maintain a burden distance that is equal to or less than the bench height in order to control the blasting effects.

D. Drill the row of production blast holes immediately adjacent to the controlled blast line on a plane approximately parallel to the controlled blast line. Drill the production blast holes no closer than 6 feet (2 m) to the controlled blast line. Drill the bottom of the production holes no lower than the bottom of the controlled blast holes except by the amount of subdrilling used in the production holes. Do not exceed 6 1/4 inches (160 mm) in diameter for the production blast holes. Delay the detonation sequence of the production holes toward a free face.

E. Maintain a stemming depth of at least 0.7 times the burden distance. If water is present or when blasting within 200 feet (61 m) of a structure, use crushed No. 8 coarse aggregate for holes less than 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter and crushed No. 57 coarse aggregate for holes 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter and larger for the stemming material. Use the coarse aggregate gradations of Nos. 8 and 57 gradations on Table 703.01-1. If gravel is used, use crushed material with a minimum of two mechanically fractured faces on 60 percent of the material. In other locations, the Contractor may use drill cuttings for stemming, if it does not compromise the shot integrity.

F. Take all necessary precautions in the production blasting to minimize blast damage to the rock backslope.

G. Drill a line of buffer holes on a parallel plane adjacent to the presplit holes if presplit results are not satisfactory and production holes are damaging the presplit line. Drill the buffer hole 3  1 inch (75  25 mm) in diameter. Drill the line of buffer holes approximately 3 feet (1 m) from the presplit line, and space 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 m) center-to-center. Do not load the buffer holes with more than 50 percent of the full explosive load that could be placed in a 3-inch (75 mm) production hole. Delay the detonation sequence toward a free face.