100 general provisions

257.05 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure diamond grinding by the number of square yards (square meters) of pavement ground and accepted. The quantity of diamond grinding will be determined by multiplying the width specified on the plan by the total length of the finished pavement surface, excluding bridge decks, approach slabs or the 1.0 foot (0.3 m) adjacent to the existing pavement, pressure relief joints, approach slabs and other areas designated by the Engineer.

257.06 Basis of Payment. Payment is full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment and incidentals and for doing all work involved in grinding the existing surface, removing residue, cleaning the pavement, and testing with a profiler.

The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract price as follows:

Item Unit Description

257 Square Yard Diamond grinding Portland cement concrete

(Square Meter) pavement

ITEM 258 DOWEL BAR RETROFIT

258.01 Description

258.02 Materials

258.03 Equipment

258.04 Construction

258.05 Method of Measurement

258.06 Basis of Payment
258.01 Description. This work consists of sawing slots across transverse cracks, cleaning the slot, injecting caulking filler, placing a dowel in the slot, and filling the slot with a patching material.

258.02 Materials.

Furnish a one part silicone sealant which does not require a primer for bond to concrete and conforms to the following Table:

Properties	Requirements
Flow, ASTM D5893	0.3 inches(7.6 mm) maximum
Extrusion Rate, C1183 method A	75-350 grams/minute
Tack free time @ 77° F ± 3°F (25°C ±2°C) –ASTM C679	20-90 minutes
Specific Gravity - ASTM D 792, Method A	1.010-1.515
Durometer Hardness - Shore A, cured 7 days @ 77°F± 3° F (25°C ± 2°C) and 45-55% R.H.; ASTM D 2240	10-25 at 0°F (-18°C)
Tensile Stress -@ 150% elongation, 7 day cure @ 77°F ± 3°F (25°C ±2°C) and 45-55% R.H.; ASTM D 412, Die C	45 psi (310 kPa) maximum

Elongation - 7 day cure @ 77° F ± 3°F (25°C ± 2°C) and 45-55% R.H.; ASTM D 412, Die C.	800% minimum
Bond to Concrete Mortar: Briquets - Air cured 12 days @ 77° F ± 3°F (25°C ± 2°C);**	50 psi (345 kPa) minimum
Movement Capability and Adhesion ***	Extend 100% and compress 50%; No adhesive or cohesive failure after 10 cycles at 0°F (-18°C)
Shelf Life	9 months from date of shipment from manufacturer
**Bond to Concrete Mortar: Briquets molded in accordance with AASHTO T 132 sawed in half and bonded with a thin section of sealant and tested in accordance with AASHTO T 132. Briquets will be dried to constant weight in oven at 212° F ± 9°F (100°C ± 5°C).
***Movement Capability and Adhesion: Prepare 1-inch x 2-inch x 3-inch(25 mm x 50 mm x 75 mm ) concrete blocks in accordance with ASTM C 719. A sawed face will be used for bond surface. Seal 2 inches (50 mm) of block leaving 1/2 inch (13 mm) on each end of specimen unsealed. The depth of sealant will be 3/8 inch (10 mm) and the width 1/2 inch (13 mm). Subject sealant to movement in accordance with ASTM C 719. The magnitude of the movement will be as specified, and the rate of extension or compression will be 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) per hour.

Furnish materials conforming to:

Aggregate 703.02.A.3

Curing material 705.07, Type 2.

Dowel bars 709.13 or 705.01

Dowel bar chairs 709.14 or non-metallic material

Preformed filler 705.03

Patching material. Must meet the performance requirements of ASTM C928, Table 1, R3 concrete material with the following exceptions and additions:

Final Set Time (ASTM C403) 25 minutes minimum

Length Change (ASTM C157)

@ 4 days ± 0.13% maximum

Freeze Thaw Durability Factor (ASTM C666) Procedure A @ 300 cycles or Procedure B @ 350 cycles,

Durability Factor: 90% minimum

Furnish patching material according to the Departments Qualified Products List (QPL)

Mix prepackaged materials that contain all aggregates needed to produce the desired concrete as specified by the manufacturer. For bagged cementitious materials that need additional aggregates, grade the aggregate according to the patching material manufacturer’s recommendation except ensure that 100% passes the 1/2 -inch (12.5 mm) sieve and a minimum of 85 percent, by weight, passes the 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) sieve.

258.03 Equipment. Furnish equipment to create slots that has a power driven gang type assembly, consisting of diamond blade saws, capable of sawing a minimum of three slots at one time to the required dimensions, without damage to the surrounding pavement.

Furnish jack hammers weighing less than 30 pounds (13.6 kg).

Furnish abrasive blast equipment capable of removing the saw slurry or other foreign material from the exposed surfaces leaving a clean, newly exposed concrete surface free of spalls, latence, and all contaminants detrimental to achieving an adequate bond. Ensure water blasting with abrasives in the water is 10,000 psi (690 bar) or less.

258.04 Construction. The Engineer will locate and mark cracks to be retrofitted. Provide the Engineer with aerosol spray paint to mark the cracks to be retrofit.

Cut 2-1/2 inch (65 mm) wide slots into the pavement to a depth which places the center of the dowel at mid-depth in the concrete slab. Make the slots parallel to the centerline of the pavement. Make multiple saw cuts parallel to the centerline if necessary to properly remove material from the slot and to provide a level surface for the feet of the dowel bar chairs. Cut three slots, on one foot (0.3 m) centers, in each wheel path, as shown in the standard drawings.

Do not allow traffic across the crack once the concrete has been removed from the slots until all six retrofit dowel bars are in place, cured and completed. Do not allow the tires of construction vehicles to travel on slots where concrete has been removed.

Clean the edge of the slots by approved blast methods to produce a rough surface. Insure any blasting operation does not damage the surrounding pavement. Do not begin abrasive blasting operations until implementing reasonably available engineering controls to limit fugitive dust that are acceptable to the Engineer. Conform to state, regional, and local government agency requirements regarding control of dust generated by the blasting operation.

Caulk cracks at the bottom and sides of the slot with an approved silicone sealant in order to prevent any grout from entering the crack. Apply the sealant with a pressure applicator that forces it into the crack.

Place a 1/2 inch (13 mm) thick preformed filler board to maintain the crack, as shown in the plan details. Ensure the filler board fits tight around the dowel and to the bottom and edges of the slot. Maintain the filler board in a vertical position and tight to all edges during placement of the patching material. Ensure the filler board extends from the bottom of the slot to the surface of the pavement. If for any reason the filler board shifts during placement of the patching material, redo the dowel bar retrofit at no expense to the Department.

Ensure the dowel bar chair firmly holds the bar centered in the slot. Obtain the Engineer’s approval before using any dowel bar chairs. The Engineer will reject any chair design that may allow movement of the bar during the placement of grout.

Use dowel bars 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and 18 inches (460 mm) long. Center the filler board on the dowel. Coat the dowel bars with a thin uniform coat of new light form oil as a bond-breaking material just prior to installation in the slot. Place an expansion cap on each end of the dowels prior to installation. Ensure the expansion caps are tight fitting and made of non-metallic material which will allow 1/4 inch (6 mm) movement at each end of the dowel.

Use two chairs to firmly hold the dowel bar in the slot during placement of the patching material. Furnish chairs that are a nominal 2-1/2 inch (65 mm) wide and center the dowel bar across the crack. Ensure the bar varies no more than 1/4 inch (6 mm) from parallel to the pavement surface and the centerline of the pavement. Just prior to placement of the patching material, make one or more passes of an air blast to provide a dust-free, clean slot to insure an adequate bond of the patching material.

Mix, place, and cure the patching material in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Consolidate the patching material using a vibrator approved by the Engineer. Place the patching material in the slot and finish to produce a smooth, even surface.

Repair any damage to the pavement due to the Contractor’s operation at no expense to the Department.

Cure the patching material for a minimum of four hours before placing any vehicle loads on the repair, or as directed by the Engineer.

258.05 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure the quantity of Retrofit Dowel Bars by the actual number in the complete and accepted work.

258.06 Basis of Payment. Payment is full compensation for furnishing all materials including paint; sawing and cleaning the slots; installing dowel chairs, dowels, bond breaker material, dowel bar end caps, sealant/caulking material, filler material, and patching material.

The Department will not pay for additional work or materials required due to shifting of the filler board.

The Department will not pay for any additional work to repair damage to the pavement caused by the Contractor.

The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract unit price as follows:

Item Unit Description

258 Each Retrofit Dowel Bar

300 BASES

ITEM 301 ASPHALT CONCRETE BASE

301.01 Description

301.02 Composition

301.03 Mixing

301.04 Spreading and Finishing

301.05 Spreading and Surface Tolerances

301.06 Basis of Payment
301.01 Description. This work consists of constructing a base course of aggregate and asphalt binder, mixed in a central plant and spread and compacted on a prepared surface.

The requirements of Item 401 apply, except as modified by this specification.

301.02 Composition. Furnish aggregate for the mix that conforms to the following gradation:

Sieve Size	Total Percent Passing
2 inch (50 mm)	100
1 inch (25.0 mm)	75 to 100
1/2 inch (12.5 mm)	50 to 85
No. 4 (4.75 mm)	25 to 60
No. 8 (2.36 mm)	15 to 45
No. 16 (1.18 mm)	10 to 35
No. 50 (300 µm)	3 to 18
No. 200 (75 µm)	1 to 7

Submit for the Laboratory’s approval the desired percentage of the aggregate passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve and blend of individual components. The Contractor may use reclaimed asphalt concrete pavement according to 401.04. The Laboratory will establish the required binder content within a range of 4 to 8 percent. Do not make changes in these JMF values due to unsatisfactory results or other conditions except as authorized by the Laboratory. Obtain a new JMF approval for any desired change to an existing JMF.

301.03 Mixing. If using a batch plant, use screens with openings of sizes that result in a reasonably balanced separation of the dried and heated aggregate into a minimum of two bins.

301.04 Spreading and Finishing. Ensure that the maximum compacted depth of any one layer is 6 inches (150 mm). Ensure that the temperature of the mixture when delivered to the paver is a minimum of 250 F (120 C), and that the mix temperature is sufficient for the roller coverage to be effective in compacting the mixture.

301.05 Spreading and Surface Tolerances. Do not exceed 3/8 inch (10 mm) in surface variation from the testing edge of a 10-foot (3 m) straightedge. If using Item 301 Asphalt Concrete Base as a subbase for a rigid pavement or base, do not exceed a variation of 1/4 inch (6 mm).

Correct variations in excess of slope or surface tolerances by adding or removing material in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. The Contractor may use asphalt concrete approved by the Engineer.

301.06 Basis of Payment. The Department will pay for accepted quantities, complete in place, at the contract price as follows:

Item Unit Description

301 Cubic Yard Asphalt Concrete Base

(Cubic Meter)
ITEM 302 ASPHALT CONCRETE BASE

302.01 Description

302.02 Composition

302.03 Mixing

302.04 Spreading and Finishing

302.05 Spreading and Surface Tolerances

302.06 Basis of Payment
302.01 Description. This work consists of constructing a base course of aggregate and asphalt binder, mixed in a central plant and spread and compacted on a prepared surface.

The requirements of Item 401 apply, except as modified by this specification.

302.02 Composition.

A. General. Furnish a mixture that conforms to the following gradation:

Sieve Size	Total Percent Passing
2 inch (50 mm)	100
1 1/2 inch (37.5 mm)	85 to 100
1 inch (25.0 mm)[1]	68 to 88
3/4 inch (19.0 mm)[1]	56 to 80
1/2 inch (12.5 mm)[1]	44 to 68
3/8 inch (9.5 mm)[1]	37 to 60
No. 4 (4.75 mm)	22 to 45
No. 8 (2.36 mm)	14 to 35
No. 16 (1.18 mm)	8 to 25
No. 30 (600 µm)	6 to 18
No. 50 (300 µm)	4 to 13
No. 200 (75 µm)	2 to 6
[1] Provide aggregate to retain a minimum of 7 percent of the material on each of these sieves. This requirement applies to the gradation of the JMF and the mix production according to Item 403.

In the design of the asphalt concrete base, the requirements of Item 441 apply, except as follows:

The Contractor may use reclaimed asphalt concrete pavement according to 401.04. Should problems with proper coating or other material issues related to the use of reclaimed asphalt concrete pavement be evident, the Laboratory may limit reclaimed asphalt concrete pavement to 30 percent. In this case virgin binder content will be adjusted by the Laboratory.

Add hydrated lime in the dry form at a rate of 0.75 percent by the dry weight of aggregate for asphalt concrete base, if antistrip additive is required and hydrated lime is used.

Design the asphalt concrete base to yield 4.0 percent air voids and the following properties:

Property	Acceptable Range of Values
	minimum	maximum
Binder Content, % of total mix	2.0	(6.0)
Stability, lb (N), 70 blow	3000 (13,345)	--
Flow, 0.25 mm, 70 blow	--	28
Voids in Mineral Aggregate, %	12.0	--

Use equipment that meets the requirements of a Level 3 Laboratory as specified in Supplement 1041. Ensure that the following equipment is designed and manufactured to prepare and test a Marshall specimen with a 6.0-inch (152.4 mm) diameter and a 3.75  0.05 inch (95  1.3 mm) height:

1. Specimen mold assembly.

2. Specimen extractor.

3. 22.5-pound (10 kg) compaction hammer.

4. Compaction pedestal specimen mold holder.

5. Marshall test apparatus.

Produce batches of asphalt concrete base of an amount that will result in a compacted specimen 3.75  0.05 inch (95  1.3 mm) in height. This amount is about 4050 grams.

B. Compaction of Specimens. Fill the mold with asphalt concrete base by placing approximately one-half of the batch in the mold and spading it vigorously with a heated spatula or trowel 15 times around the perimeter and ten times over the interior. Place the second half of the batch in the mold and spade the mixture in the same manner.

Compact the specimen on both sides with 70 blows.

C. Stability Correlation Ratios. Convert measured stability values for specimens that depart from the standard 3.75-inch (95 mm) thickness to an equivalent 3.75-inch (95 mm) value by multiplying the stability value by the appropriate correlation ratio as follows:

Approximate Thickness of Specimen, inches (mm)		Correlation Ratio
3- 1/2	(89)	1.12
3 -9/16	(90)	1.09
3 -5/8	(92)	1.06
3 -11/16	(94)	1.03
3 -3/4	(95)	1.00
3 -13/16	(97)	0.97
3 -7/8	(98)	0.95
3 -15/16	(100)	0.92
4	(102)	0.90

302.03 Mixing. Conform to the requirements of 301.03.

302.04 Spreading and Finishing. Ensure that the compacted depth of any one layer is a minimum of 4 inches (100 mm) and a maximum of 7.75 inches (190 mm). Ensure that the temperature of the mixture when delivered to the paver is a minimum of 250 F (120 C), and is sufficient for the roller coverage to be effective in compacting the mixture.

302.05 Spreading and Surface Tolerances. Conform to the requirements of 301.05.

302.06 Basis of Payment. The Department will pay for accepted quantities, complete in place, at the contract price as follows:

Item Unit Description

302 Cubic Yard Asphalt Concrete Base

(Cubic Meter)
ITEM 304 AGGREGATE BASE

304.01 Description

304.02 Materials

304.03 Prior to Spreading

304.04 Spreading

304.05 Compaction

304.06 Finished Surface

304.07 Method of Measurement

304.08 Basis of Payment
304.01 Description. This work consists of furnishing, placing, and compacting one or more courses of aggregate, including furnishing and incorporating all water required for compacting, on a prepared surface.

304.02 Materials. Furnish materials conforming to 703.17.

304.03 Prior to Spreading. The Engineer will sample the Contractor’s stockpile to determine the initial moisture content to be used for compaction. The Engineer will develop a moisture-density curve according to Supplement 1015.

Use material that is reasonably uniform with moisture. Use a moisture content not less than -2 percent of optimum moisture prior to spreading. Add water to the stockpiles to meet this moisture requirement. Handle the material in a manner to minimize segregation. If segregation occurs, thoroughly mix or regrade the stockpile.