Bibliography: Land Degradation in South Africa project

The design and implementation of interventions that will lead to the achievement

of the objectives of the policy will be undertaken by all relevant government

departments at all levels and in all sectors.

Ref ID : 2294

250. Anonymous The effect of water supply, handling and usage on water quality

in relation to health indices in developing communities.Anonymous

Stellenbosch:Water Research Commission. WRC 562/1/96, 1996.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : WATER QUALITY; POPULATION; POLICY

Notes : A large number of South Africans do not have access to adequate water

and sanitation. Population growth and urbanisation has placed increased pressure

on the need for sanitation and safe water supplies, but due to financial and

human resource constraints it is unlikely that high grade facilities will be

provided in the immediate furuter. In developing communities in SA many

households are making use of 'serviced sites' which include outside or communal

taps and outside flush toilets or bucket latrines. As an increasing number of

such sites are being developed it is essential that the impact of these services

on health be assessed. Little information relating to the quality of water

supplied to the quality of water used/consumed and its impact on health is

available. Assumptions are often made, not based on scientific data, that the

supply of clean water will have a positive impact on the health status of a

population, but studies conducted in numerous countries indicate that the

benefits of water supply improvements are variable. Although high levels of

faecal contamination are generally assumed to be associated with diarrhoeal

disease, a direct relationship has rarely been found. High levels of food and

water contamination have been found in the home environment even when clean

water was supplied. Improvements in water quality alone seem to have little

effect on water handling practices and the subsequent contamination of stored

water. This study aimed to investigate the quality of water supplied compared

to the quality of water consumed in relation to health indices in a developing

community. Various categories of services were included in the study, namely no

formal water supply, communal taps used by > 100 people per tap, outdoor taps on

individual plots and in-house taps. The objectives as stated in the proposal

for the duration of the 3 year study were as follows: a) determination of the

quality of water at the point of collection and the quality of water after

transport and storage; b) examination of patterns of water usage, including

water used for drinking, washing and hygiene purposes, quantity of water used

and identification of the treatment of water by the end-user prior to use; and

c) correlation of the water quality with the health indicators of the study

population. The study was designed to assist in providing policy guidelines for

the provision of water in developing communities.

Ref ID : 519

251. Anonymous Successful natural resource management in southern Africa,

Windhoek:Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers, 1996.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNAL AREA;

SOUTHERN AFRICA

Ref ID : 125

252. Anonymous Land use systems research: communal rangelands and global change.

ARDRINEWS :2-16, 1996. The significance of the contribution by agriculture to

livelihood in the communal areas has been questioned for years. Most studies

suggest that this contribution is marginal at best. In the past, major

programmes have been launched to increase the productivity of agricultural

production systems in the communal areas, mainly with the object of increasing

the monetary contribution agriculture makes to household income. Generally, the

success of these programmes has been limited. In the meantime, agricultural

production in the communal areas continues. Farmers and small scale producers

have been adapting their land use systems to changing realities and new

constraints, such as the deterioration of fences, the demise of tractor schemes,

declining off-farm income obtained through remittances and the increasing cost

of labour. The ARDRI Land Use System Research Programme intends to improve

holistic understanding of communal land use systems and, in participation with

farming communities, search for approriate and sustainable improvements to these

systems. Several opportunties are being explored to collaborate on this project

with the Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs of the Eastern Cape, the

Faculty of Agriculture at Fort Hare and overseas universities, such as Coventry

University in the UK. Plans to fund a PhD student from Coventry to conduct

field work in the Eastern Cape by participating in ARDRI's Land Use Systems

Research Programme are at an advanced stage. The proposal enjoys support from

the Centre for African Studies at Coventry University. Three research topics

have been proposed for consideration by potential candidates. They deal with

nutrient cycling, the role of arable land in livestock production systems and

the relationship between socio-economic groupings and the farming systems they

employ.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND USE; COMMUNAL AREA; GLOBAL CHANGE; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;

LABOUR; EASTERN CAPE; LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Notes : ARDRINEWS is published twice yearly by ARDRI, University of Fort Hare,

Private Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa 5700.

Ref ID : 1033

253. Anonymous Sustainable forest development in South Africa - the policy of

the Government of National Unity: White Paper.Anonymous Pretoria, South

Africa:Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. :i-32, 1996.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : AGROFORESTRY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; POLICY; FORESTRY; FOREST;

RURAL DEVELOPMENT; MONITORING

Notes : The conclusion to this document states: "The forest sector in South

Africa provides many benefits and is well positioned to contribute further to

economic growth. However, the opportunities offered by industrial forestry need

to be enhanced by pursuing greater competitiveness in the sector, by linking it

more strongly to rural development objectives, and by urgently pursuing wider

access to these benefits. The costs and benefits of this industry in terms of

water resources and the environment in general need to be properly evaluated.

These results must be used to guide further effective and efficient development

of the use of land and water to what is most beneficial. The policy outlined in

this White Paper is directed toward these ends. Many needs of urban and rural

communities can be addressed through community forestry, which has had little

consequence in South Africa in the past. A fundamental change in the strategy

for community forestry is under way, to address the benefits to be found through

improved management of natural forests and woodlands, as well as the need for

new plantings. Finally, the full extent of our natural forests and woodlands has

now been drawn under the umbrella of a unified policy for the entire sector.

Through this, the Department will address South Africa's obligations to current

and future generationns in ensuring sustainable development of these resources,

while ensuring the optimum accrual of benefits to local communities.

Implementation of this policy will begin immediately. The goals for

implemenation over the next five years are as follows: restructuring the

forestry function in government; reforming the Forest Act; establishing the new

National Forestry Advisory Council and its structures and procedures; completing

the national strategy for sustainable forest development, including a programme

for the greening of the environment; implementing the national strategy;

establishing the future of the forests of the former homelands; achieving

significant progress in domestic beneficiation of products; creating capacity in

communities - empowering civil society and women (institution building, and the

equitable disseminaton of information ) to participate fully in the sector;

determining the programme for donor-funded projects; initiating community

forestry projects; establishing systems to take stock of the sector (inventory,

monitoring and evaluation); co-operating with neighbours in SADC in developing a

regional forestry action plan, and concluding all agreements with neighbours on

bilateral relaions; and taking cognizance of international forestry conventions

and implementing appropriate provisions in South Africa.".

Ref ID : 1160

254. Anonymous SADC policy and strategy for environment & sustainable

development: toward equity-led growth and sustainable development in southern

Africa. Lesotho:SADC Environment and Land Management Sector. , 1996.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; POLICY; ENVIRONMENTAL

POLICY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Notes : This is a policy document which attempts to put into practice the theory

and principles which were agreed upon in Agenda 21 (developed at the 1992 Earth

Summit). It provides a new, integrated policy framework for national and

regional action, putting sustainable development within and among SADC counties

at a high priority.

Ref ID : 1161

255. Anonymous Caring for southern Africa's resources. Maseru, Lesotho:SADC

Environment and Land Management Sector (ELMS). , 1996.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOUTHERN AFRICA; LAND DEGRADATION; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL

Ref ID : 1575

256. Anonymous A study of global change. Stockholm:IGBP Secretariat. , 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : GLOBAL CHANGE; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY

Notes : Agenda 21 (Rio Earth Summit, 1992) had as its main goal, the idea that

scientific understanding of the interactions between humanity and the earth's

environment must be strengthened. To this end, the International Geosphere-

Biosphere Programme (IGBP) of the International Council of the Scientific Unions

(ICSU) contributes to this goal by describing and studying the interactive

physical and biological processes that regulate the earth system, the unique

environment that it provides for life, the changes that are occurring, and how

they are influenced by human actions. The IGBP has established an integrated,

multidisciplinary research programme consisting of eight core projects studying

aspects of the earth system as well as three framework activities that address

data management, modelling and capacity-building.

Ref ID : 939

257. Anonymous White paper on South African land policy.Anonymous

Pretoria:Department of Land Affairs. :v-111, 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND REFORM; POLICY

Notes : The Land Affairs White Paper sets out the vision and implementation

strategy for South Africa's land policy; a policy that is just, builds

reconciliation and stability, contributes to economic growth, and bolsters

household welfare. It is the culmination of a two and a half year process of

policy development consultation and lessons from early implementation.

Milestones in this process has been: the DLA Framework Document on Land Policy,

May 1995; the Draft Statement of Land Policy and Principles, discussed at the

National Land Policy Conference held on 31 August and 1 September 1995; and the

Green Paper on South African Land Policy, 1 February 1996.

Ref ID : 396

258. Anonymous 1996 Audit of gender related data sources: A report.Anonymous

Johannesburg:Development Bank of Southern Africa. :1-104, 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : GENDER ASPECTS

Ref ID : 802

259. Anonymous Sahara and sahel observatory, Berne, Switzerland:Centre for

Development and Environment, WOCAT, 1997.pp. 2-6.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : STATISTICS; DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT

Notes : As part of a general environmental preservation movement serving

sustainable development, OSS draws on three basic principles: a concern to

favour synergy among actors in the combat against desertification; the will to

create an enabling environment for exchanging experiences that can help attain

converging objectives, mastery of information technology, broader access to

common data bases, reciprocal benefits from know-how; and active participation

by all OSS partners in implementing scientific and technical programmes that

correspond to their needs. OSS also aims to be a driving force: as a

facilitator - it creates conditions needed to develop complementarity of skills;

as an intermediary - it provides the means for the preparation of programmes of

common interest; and as a creator - of exchange enabling environment, it

propagates and extensively voices experiences and results that contribute to

combating desertification.

Ref ID : 1420

260. Anonymous Combat Desertification. Pretoria:National Department of

Agriculture. , 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DESERTIFICATION CONTROL

Ref ID : 1576

261. Anonymous NAPCOD in Northern Namibia: Namibia's National Programme to

Combat Desertification. Windhoek:Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. , 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : NAMIBIA; POLICY; RAINFALL; FOREST; VEGETATION CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL

HISTORY; AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; DESERTIFICATION

ASSESSMENT; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; WATER CONSERVATION

Notes : A regional facilitator for Napcod, Berry Mwifi, has been appointed and

is situated in Ongwediva. He has been working with communities in three pilot

areas - in Okalango, Okatjali and Onaadi. Communities have set up rain gauges

and have been shown how to use these to record long-term data on rainfall in

their areas. This is just one small step designed to assist local people to

learn more about their own environment and its natural variability. The data

collected at specific sites will be compared with that from elsewhere in the

region and Namibia. Extension work and regular radio broadcasts, especially on

Radio Owambo, have spread the message of desertification far and wide in the

northern regions. Recently, the first of a series of workshops has been held

with the Regional Council at Omusati, during which different aspects affecting

the people who use natural resources were discussed at length and, in

particular, information local decision makers might use to raise awareness and

understanding. A participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was held with communities

at Omauni in eastern Ohangwena, who have indicated that they would like to

establish a community forest to protect the natural Omauni forests. This process

consists of interviewing and discussing all aspects of this action with the

communities involved, and proved to be useful in this area. Other projects of

the DRFN have also been involved in the northern regions - Enviroteach has

developed resource materials for teacher trainees, which it has introduced to

the Ongwediva college of Education - and a series of regional books on managing

water and grazing has been started, with the first one produced for the Cuvelai

water region.

Ref ID : 1580

262. Anonymous NAPCOD: Namibia's national programme to combat desertification.

Windhoek:Desert Research Foundation. , 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES; INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS; AID; LAND USE; VELD

MANAGEMENT; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; NAMIBIA; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Notes : As of 1997, Napcod intends to continue its approach of integrating

local, regional and national level activities and co-ordinating inputs from a

wide variety of sources, government and non-government in origin, and resources

from a number of donors. Focus will remain on Objective 6, the empowerment of

natural resource managers and users, while other aspects will receive attention

as resources and personnel permit. Interactions with SADC Environment and Land

Management Sector will be enhanced as will the use of Nambia's Research and

Training Centre at Gobabeb. Overall, Napcod will continue to support the

Convention to Combat Desertification, which the Namibian Government has

ratified, and pursue sustainable use of natural resources as its primary aim.

Ref ID : 1582

263. Anonymous Confronting climate change. Global Issues 2(2):26-30, 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : CLIMATE; CLIMATE CHANGE; BIBLIOGRAPHY

Notes : This carries a bibliography of books, documents, internet sites and

articles (with some abstracts) concerning climate change.

Ref ID : 1035

264. Anonymous South Africa's national forestry action programme.Anonymous

Pretoria, South Africa:Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. :ii-148, 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : FORESTRY; FOREST; LEGISLATION; POLLUTION

Notes : "The National Forestry Action Programme translates the vision of the

White Paper on Sustainable Forest Development in South Africa into concrete and

discrete actions. It is driven by the principles of the Constitution and the

Reconstruction and Development Programme. It employs a consultative process,

involving a wide range of stakeholders with very diverse positions. An integral

part of the NFAP will be the rewriting of the forest legislation to faciliate

the sustainable and equitable management of SA's forest sector. Amongst other

things, the new legislation attempts to: give greater access to the country's

forests for the majority of the SA people; place a greater emphasis on the

development potential of community forestry; prepare the legislative tools for

controlling seed pollution and the spread of invasive trees; and address

sustainable forestry needs as defined under Agenda 21, and as mandated in the

Constitution. It is envisaged that ways ahead will be developed using this

programme report and its supporting key issue papers.

Ref ID : 2201

265. Anonymous A protocol to manage the potential of groundwater contamination

from on-site sanitation, Edition 1 1997.Anonymous Department of Water Affairs

and Forestry. , 1997.

Reprint : Not in File,

Ref ID : 7

266. Anonymous Karoo is besig om ooswaarts te beweeg/(The Karoo is busy moving

eastwards). Landbouweekblad 29(1465):32-33, 1997.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : KAROO DESERTIFICATION; NAMA KAROO; GRASSLAND

Ref ID : 1163

267. Anonymous Bibliography on erosion, sediment yields and sediment transport

in southern Africa. 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : BIBLIOGRAPHY; EROSION; SOUTHERN AFRICA

Notes : This is an undated 56 page booklet, containing references on erosion,

sediment yields and sediment transport in Southern Africa.

Ref ID : 1032

268. Anonymous Report on ongoing work being done on benchmarks and indicators,

tenth session, New York, 6-17 January 1997, Agenda Item 2. 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : UN CONVENTION; DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT; MONITORING

Notes : In decision 9/12, adopted at its ninth session, the INCD requested the

Interim Secretariat to: continue work on benchmarks and indicators initially

undertaken pursuant to INCD decision 8/8 and to invite written contributions

from interested INCD members and competent organisations, to be received by

October 15; establish an informal open-ended consultative process to expand on

such work; and to report to the tenth session of the Committee on the work

undertaken, with special emphasis on impact indicators. The following sections

constitute the report requested in subparagraph (c): contributions from INCD

members and international organisations; conclusions of the informal group;

awareness-building and identification of national priorities; NAP formulation;

NAP implementation; and users and/or instruments for process monitoring within

the CCD.

Ref ID : 1977

269. Anonymous Management review on biodiversity conservation in the KNP. 1997.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION

Notes : Unpublished reports, Scientific Services Department, South African

National Parks, Skukuza.

Ref ID : 1978

270. Anonymous Prosopis invasions are becoming a menace. Agricultural News :3,

1997.

Reprint : Not in File,

Ref ID : 1131

271. Anonymous Special report on the regional impacts of climate

change.Anonymous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). :1-44, 1997.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE

Notes : This report has been prepared at the request of the Conference of the

Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

and its subsidiary bodies (specifically the Subsidiary Body for Science and

Technology Advice - SBSTA). The special report provides, on a regional basis, a

review of state-of-the-art information on potential impacts of climate change on

ecological systems, socio-economic sectors (including agriculture, fisheries,

water resources, and human settlements) and human health, and options for

adaptation. Though drawing heavily upon the sectoral impact assessments of the

Second assessment Report (SAR), the report also draws upon more recent peer-

reviewed literature (inter alia, country studies programmes).

Ref ID : 1980

272. Anonymous Call for exotic species task force. Science 275:915, 1997.

Reprint : Not in File,

Ref ID : 1120

273. Anonymous Bestryding van driedoring in die Kalahari/Combating driedoring in

the Kalahari. Grootfontein Nuusbrief (1):14, 1998.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT; SAVANNA; RESTORATION

Notes : Rhigozum is a woody plant which is mainly prevalent in the areas of

Griekwaland West, Gordonia and north-west areas of the Karoo. The encroachment

of this plant has already produced major problems for grazing. The potential

for these problems to increase dramatically in the future is great, which has

enormous economic implications for agriculture in these areas.

Ref ID : 1118

274. Anonymous Staatslandbougrond in die Noord-Kaap/State agricultural land in

the Northern Cape. Grootfontein Nuusbrief (1):10-11, 1998.