G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova

Key Words & Phrases

significant (a)	demand (v)
desirable (a)	data (n)
decision (n)	invention (n)
reliable(a)	records (n)
instantly(adv)	in many respects
available (a)	process(v)
stack (v)	non-linear (a)
pile (n)	accomplish(v)

I. Answer the following questions:

1. 
   What has been made during the past years?
   
2. 
   What do changes and growth require today?
   
3. 
   What would happen if to stack all paper used for making calculations for the Apollo space program?
   
4. 
   How do you call the years of 1960s?
   
5. 
   How could you describe the nearest future of the world?
   
6. 
   How can computers handle information?
   
7. 
   What was the reason for the invention of electronic computer system?
   
8. 
   What does the space age demand?
   
9. 
   What should a control engineer master?
   
10. 
    Where are computers and automated production control systems used?
    

II. Translate the following sentences into your native language:

1. 
   Automation is a process in which work is done with a minimum human effort.
   
2. 
   Automated data processing is largely self-processing one.
   
3. 
   In automated data processing the information is handled with minimum human effort and intervention.
   
4. 
   Modern complex controls can perform functions man would not be able to fulfill.
   
5. 
   A control engineer must know perfectly the capabilities of limitations of modern digital, analog and hybrid computers.
   
6. 
   We have provided this laboratory with sensitive instruments.
   
7. 
   Our scientists and inventors have enriched science and technology with many outstanding achievements.
   
8. 
   These achievements enable our country to solve the most complex problems.
   
9. 
   At present much attention is being paid to the development of automatic control equipment.
   
10. 
    The engineers design and develop electronic machines to serve people.
    

III. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. 
   Əvvəllər maşın və avadanlıqlar əl ilə idarə olunurdular.
   
2. 
   İndi insanlar avtomat idarəetmə sistemlərindən geniş ist­i­fa­də edirlər.
   
3. 
   Kompüterlər fundamental riyazi əməliyyatları çox yüksək sürətlə yerinə yetirirlər.
   
4. 
   İlkin məlumatlar kompüterin yaddaşında toplanır və sonra isə bu məlumatlar yüksək sürətlə emal olunurlar.
   
5. 
   Müasir dövrdə rəqəmli, analoq və hibrid tipli kom­pü­ter­lərin imkanları haqqında məlumatı olmayan mühəndis heç bir iş görə bilməz.
   
6. 
   İnsanların dünyada baş verən hadisələr barədə dərhal mə­lu­mat əldə etmək arzusu kompüterlərin yaranmasına və inkişafına səbəb oldu.
   
7. 
   Elektron maşınların rabitə sistemində geniş tətbiqi kom­mu­tatorda çalışan operatorların sayının azaldılması ilə nəticələndi.
   
8. 
   Həyatımızın bir çox sahələrində həssas nəzarət-ölçü cihazlarından geniş istifadə olunur.
   
9. 
   Hazırda ağır zehni əmək tələb olunan işlər elektron hesablayıcı maşınlar vasitəsilə ilə görülür.
   
10. 
    İnsan fəaliyyətinin bütün sahələrinə elektron maşınların tətbiqi labüddür.
    

IV. Translate the following text into your native language:
History provides very early examples of automatic control, but they were little used in industry. Progress was slow until this century, but it received an important stimulus from the military needs of the last war and the pace has accelerated. Automatic control is most advanced in industries like chemicals, oil-refining and food-processing where materials are easy to handle. Because of it these industries have become highly automatic without any of the well-known inventions such as transfer-machines and electronic computers. Control is also largely automatic in the manufacture of goods so different as iron and steel, cement and paper.

A system of control usually consists of three basic units: one that measures, one that controls and one that corrects.

Controlling instruments are pneumatic, mechanical or hydraulic and electric. Electric or electronic units are fast and able to send signals over long distances so giving “ remote” control.

Automatic control is perhaps best known in plants where production is continuous, such as oil-refineries, but it is also found in factories that produce in batches.